Abstract
Paper refers to thesis of McClellan and Horn (1999) to do with technology propelling science, in contrast with historians who tend to see science as driving technology. Example given of Christiaan Eijkman's medical breakthrough in what is now Indonesia, finding the cause and cure of Beriberi, the lessons of technology and ordinary curiosity underlying his discovery of thiamine deficiency. Science till Eijkman's day had not clue as to what caused a deadly, still mysterious disease; last discussion of technology helping scientific knowledge -- but what to do if science is not used?

From the Paper
Technology Enables Science - a Medical Example from Indonesia. Introduction McClellan & Dorn pointed out a very important error in how we tend to view World History. (1999) Historians have a habit of seeing Science as creating Technology when, in fact, Technology seems to be much more responsible for new Science. This paper describes an interesting example in the medical discovery of what causes beriberi, a once very important and fatal disease for thousands of people in most of Asia and Africa. Its cause remained unknown till the later 19^th century and early 20^th century. The breakthrough

Tags:beriberi, eijkman, technology

Abstract
Albert Einstein, a famously mediocre student, once commented that "It is little short of a miracle that modern methods of instruction have not completely strangled the holy curiosity of inquiry." Many educational theorists and gifted teachers have taken this to heart and endeavored to create learning environments that reflect innovations that are both intuitive and ingenious. This paper shows, that, unfortunately, we often see these same innovations stifled at the high school level. Whereas the elementary grades have always been seen as a test market for innovation and have led to such new methodologies as multimedia education, the use of role play, and a team approach to the comprehension of new subject matter, the high school environment is seen as a sacred cow where entrenched methodologies are not to be tampered with. The paper argues that, from a sociological perspective, high schools serve to propel a community's best students to the university level where they will ultimately develop professional characteristics that will allow them to return value to their home town or city. Yet, the paper shows, that from a pragmatic perspective, administrators are quick to replicate methodologies that are proven to effect a positive result in measurable terms. In a good school, these measures could consist of SAT scores and the caliber of university placement; in a struggling school, administrators must insure that students are able to pass basic state tests and that drop-out rates remain low. The paper argues that, while these goals are admirable and in some respects immutable, they only serve to underscore the need for innovations designed to enhance the learning environment.

Paper Outline
Introduction
Learning Styles-based Education at the Secondary School Level
Learning Concepts and Education
The High School Environment: Putting it all Together
Conclusion

From the Paper
"DeCorte and others speak of a system that would allow students to explore the way in which they think in order to become more effective problem solvers. Often this is tackled at the college level in logic or general reasoning courses. Curiously, training in symbolic logic, considered essential as a critical thinking skill, is absent from most high schools. If we accept DeCorte's premise that an early understanding of mathematical concepts (one can argue that symbolic logic is a mathematical representation of problems and situations where one can employ reason to determine a solution) is essential: in many respects the high school environment is an ideal environment for teachers to convey such reasoning methodologies to young students."

Tags:proximal, development, SAT, heuristic

Abstract
This paper explains that the central theme of the Oedipus myth in ancient Grecian society was that the truly tragic king could not escape his fate, despite his best efforts to do so. The author points out that the themes of family and fate are conjoined to a great degree in the Oedipus myth. Likewise, the more urbane Michael of Don Corleone's Mafioso family as depicted in "The Godfather" also resists the family role he has been cast into but the more he resists, the more events propel him into becoming the fulfillment of his destiny and his family's destiny. The paper relates that Freud read the Oedipus myth of the tragic king as a study in wish fulfillment.

From the Paper
"Michael attempts to leave his family-but like Oedipus, is pulled back within the fold of the family, despite himself, and becomes corrupted by the familial values by mere association and unintentional presence in their midst. But unlike Oedipus, Michael does not betray the family trust. Rather by upholding, the family trust Michael subverts the American values instilled in him when he was in the army, at his most independent. Both Michael and Oedipus have a kind of Freudian latency period where they escape their families and appointed fates temporarily, as Michael blends in seamlessly with the overwhelmingly American identity of the G.I.s around him, and Oedipus thinks he is a common man's son. But once they return they assume their father's role in a way they do not want to."

Tags:fate, family, fulfillment, murderer, values

Abstract
Stephen Crane, through his impressive naturalism, is one of the greatest novelists, short story writers and poets in American history. This paper shows how nowhere are the elements of the naturalism for which he is acclaimed more evident than in his famous character, Maggie, from his novella, "Maggie: A Girl of the Streets". This paper argues that it is because of Crane's strong naturalist views, as well as biographical details of his own life, that he is able to propel his character, Maggie, from a fictional literary interpretation into the quintessential example of "a product of her environment" that remains in the collective imagination of literate humanity.

From the Paper
"Another element of naturalism is that it extended the tradition of realism, and thus aimed at an even more faithful, unselective representation of reality that was presented without moral judgment. Moreover, it emphasized man's accidental and physiological nature rather than his moral or rational qualities thereby making individual characters seen as helpless products of heredity and environment. This also meant that they were motivated by strong instinctual drives from within and harassed by social and economic pressures from without. As a result, naturalistic characters had little will or responsibility for their fates, and the prognosis for their outcomes was generally pessimistic at the outset."

Tags:naturalism, environment, naturalist

Abstract
This is an 9-page paper that states that the Honda Company started making a tiny clip on engine to propel bicycles in austere. Late 1940s Japan, to domination of the world's motorcycle industry in the 1960s. 9 pgs. Bibliography lists 7 sources.

Tags:BUSINESS / CASE STUDIES, honda beginning end

Abstract
In a relationship where the woman is constantly abused, emotions often propel her toward staying with the abuser. This paper discusses the emotional dynamics involved in these types of relationships. It questions why abused women stay with their partners and even claim to love them. The paper uses Anna Quindlen's book "Black and Blue" and Roddy Doyle's "The Women Who Walked into Doors" to explore these issues.

From the Paper
"A woman involved in an abusive relationship often grew up being abused. Therefore, she has learned how to cope with the abuse even seeing the abuse as almost "normal" or an "acceptable" part of everyday life. In Anna Quindlen's book Black and Blue, the main character, Frannie Flynn Benedetto, states, "There are ways and ways of dying, and some of them leave you walking around. I'd learned that from watching my father, and my husband, too" (Quindlen, p. 13). Frannie Flynn Benedetto makes a comparison between the behavior of her father and her abusive husband. One may infer by her statement that while growing up with her father, she learned how to live and get along in an abusive family situation."

Tags:Paula, Spencer, Frannie, Benedetto

Abstract
This paper examines the role of the Italian mafia as a business like any other, and its long history in the United States. The author discuses how the mafia's illegal and legal enterprises help propel our capitalist society, and how their ties with major labor unions enable them to dominate major industries. The paper also looks at how the Italian mafia works with other ethnic crime organizations, such as the Russian mafia, and Colombian drug cartels.

From the Paper
"The mafia is a loose term in our country, as we as Americans are fascinated by the mysteriousness of it. Movies, books, plays, and now even a television series have been made depicting different real life stories regarding the mafia. The television show The Sopranos gives a great rendition about life in New Jersey as a mobster. This show allows viewers to see both sides of the story when thinking about gangsters. One is able to see their ruthless side in some situations, and then also the way they conduct business. Much of the business they conduct is with people who know what situation they are in, and are willing to accept the terms, based on a mutual agreement. In recent years, there have been several cases where a mafia member would go against their former family in order to lighten their jail sentence, breaking their code of conduct known as Omerta. The United States is a capitalist and free market society. The mafia helps in the expansion and existence of this capitalist society by their influences in legal and illegal businesses, with the help of political parties and leaders that are best placed to help them."

Tags:crimes, drugs, gambling, government, labor, laundering, loan, sharking, mob, money, organized, politicians, pornography, prostitution, unions

Abstract
This paper shows how Ibsen and Strindberg both wrote plays taking place in one setting over a short period of time, often only a day or two in scope. The writer explains that to propel the plot there had to be action that took place off stage, outside the constructed set. Ibsen embedded offstage action into his texts more so than Strindberg did, but Strindberg succeeded elsewhere. Whereas both were successful in removing important action from the stage, Strindberg's work was brought further into the realm of what will soon be defined as off the off stage than Ibsen's, with the difference being Strindberg's better use of a new form of player: the audience. The plays analyzed are Ibsen's "A Doll's House" and "Hedda Gabler" and Strindberg's "Miss Julie."

From the Paper
"Dealing first with the off stage world of Ibsen we can see many examples of the action he writes for the express purpose of invisibility to the audience. In "A Doll's House" the audience is given a very good chance to hear events offstage. The main stage area comprising of one room with four doors leading to other parts of the house. Throughout the play the characters move within this space, but constantly refer to actions taking place outside of it as well. Beginning in the opening scene, the audience is allowed only a glimpse of the outside world in the porter bringing the Christmas tree in for the maid (Ibsen, 3). This is one of the few visuals the audience has of the off stage world; most of our comprehension of the off stage happens as a result of utterances. "Is that my little lark twittering out there?" (Ibsen, 4) Helmer calls from his room early in the first Act. This simple line, with the stage direction, immediately defines the space we see. As he is calling from his room, we immediately identify the space on the stage as belonging to Nora. This is further strengthened throughout the play as we see Nora take charge of this main stage space. When her life is interrupted, so is this space. Krogstad's entrance through a door left ajar upsets her, removing control from her hands to his. Her first instinct is to take control where she can by taking her children to the room on the left and shutting the door after them (Ibsen, 26). Nora's space, her life, is thus defined by the space around her off stage; her boundaries of power remain clear. She has power only as it relates to people invading her space: for one example she is able to bolt the door to Torvald's room on her side of the door, giving a degree of privacy to her affairs (Ibsen, 55). Her space thus defined the actions offstage suddenly take on a greater importance: these are actions that Ibsen has defined as outside of Nora's world."

Tags:audience, technique, playwright, character

Abstract
This paper looks at various aspects of information technology (IT) portfolio management and at how investments in IT can have a dramatic impact on an organization's performance. It examines how well-managed IT investments that are carefully selected and focused on meeting mission needs can propel an organization forward, dramatically improving performance while reducing costs. It also shows how likewise, poor investments, those that are inadequately justified or whose costs, risks and benefits are poorly managed, can hinder and even restrict an organization's performance.

From the Paper
"Tracking achievements against expectations is a vital element of any project and an important part of IT portfolio management. Internal customer expectations and perceptions of how the project is going are most reflective of how IT matches the company's needs with the project portfolio. There is a possibility that business sponsors who interpret the company's needs differently or differently through time lead projects astray. While, top management can be in agreement, the managers can distort execution. That is why there must be a constant alignment of expectations with targeted performance for each phase of the project in each dimension: functions delivered, timing, customer's rating of performance and cost."

Tags:costs, performance, organization, budget

Abstract
In this essay, several quotations and citations from "Hamlet" illustrate Shakespeare's deft ability to use his language to blur the lines between appearance and reality and ultimately propel his characters from fictional literary interpretations into the collective imagination of literate humanity.