Abstract This paper discusses the similarities and differences between propaganda and advertising. It presents two contrasting models and many examples to show these similarities and differences. The paper concludes by claiming that although propaganda is different from advertising, advertising is not different from propaganda.
Outline:
Model or Paradigm Case
Contrary or Opposite Case
Borderline Case
Related Concept
Invented or Imaginary Case
Social Context
Practical Results
Results in Language
Interior Dialogue
Essay Outline
From the Paper "Does propaganda depend on one's intent? To what extent is an aim of merely making people aware of something separate from other aims such as trying to get them to change their behavior, or their attitudes? This is a good related concept, because it shares features of advertising and some of the tools of propaganda, but can be done without any intent to change people. It changes the absolute nature of the concepts, and makes on question whether awareness isn't, in itself, a changed state of being--that could possibly change one's perceptions or future behavior, regardless of the intent of the publicist or PR professional's intention."
Abstract This paper examines propaganda in France after its surrender under the Vichy regime of Petain. It provides great historical details aided with maps and visual examples. The paper argues that contrary to common belief pro-Nazi propaganda in France was not imposed but initiated by the Vichy regime itself.
From the Paper "In the process of researching the topic I chose for my paper ?Nazi Propaganda in France.? I discovered that a more appropriate title would be "Propaganda in France during the Second World War", in light of the fact that alongside the Nazis, the occupation government of Vichy worked so fervently to arrive at a parallel goal: to control the population through propaganda."
Tags: france, nazi, propaganda, vichy, war, wwii, world, war, ii, germany
Abstract This paper presents a largely personal perspective on propaganda initiatives. The paper discusses the potential valid or invalid use of propaganda by regimes in an attempt to gain public support for state policy and actions.
From the Paper "In his book "Propaganda", American-style Noam Chomsky refers to Walter Lippmann's description using communication to shape opinion in others. Lippmann said that the art of democracy requires what he called the 'manufacture of consent'. This phrase is an Orwellian..."
A paper describing the propaganda role the media has played in the past during times of war and the likelihood of it continuing to play that role during times of war in the present era.
Abstract This paper attempts to investigate if the Western media would willingly co-operate as an instrument of propaganda in time of war by examining the attitude of the media in the recent conflicts such as those of Iraq, Yugoslavia and the Falklands. Various views presented in literature are considered along with the prominent opinions that have been presented in order to attempt to reach a conclusion.
Introduction
The Military and the Media in Times of War
Media Bias in Recent History of Wars
Conclusion
From the Paper "The military denied permission to the media to accompany the Special Forces into Afghanistan and only 29 reporters were permitted to cover the Falkland conflict [Brown 2004]. The reporters covering the Falkland conflict became very friendly with the troops as a result of living together and sharing the facilities as well as the dangers and very favourable reports were presented to the audience even when things went wrong because they were 'our boys' fighting 'our enemies' and this is quite natural in any war [Seppala 2003]. Hence, the presence of 'neutral reports' in a war can do much to enhance the standard of reporting, but even these neutral reporters can be subjected to censorship, information manipulation and denial of cooperation. Even the neutral reporters will not be liked and believed by all. Enlightened generals do understand the requirements to have the media on their side because reporting on the conduct of war can influence key decisions about the war that are made by politicians [Boje 2002]."
Abstract A paper discussing the tactics of persuasion and propaganda as they relate to American democracy and notions of citizenship. The paper examines the extent to which the political establishment should go in order to secure the good opinion of the public to gain or retain office.
From the Paper "Doesn't the saying go 'Beauty is in the eye of the beholder'? In other words Perspective is everything. In the context of government of a democratic nation then public opinion that is the perspective of the beholder is the most prized possession. So to what extent should the political establishment go in order to secure the good opinion of the public, indeed the majority, so as to gain or retain office? Where in democracy does the power ..."
Abstract In this article the theories of Noam Chomsky and Kathleen Jamieson are used to examine propaganda and the media. The writer looks at Jamieson's view of media manipulation. The writer also discusses Chomsky's view of civic democracy and the right to meaningful participation.
From the Paper "Noam Chomsky proposes two alternative views of civic democracy in which on the one hand the public is perceived as having the right to meaningful participation in the management of their own affairs and the means of information are open and free and on the other hand a view holding that the public must be barred from such activities and the means of information must be kept narrowly and rigidly controlled. Kathleen Jamieson argues that while the media in a democracy is a source of ... "
Abstract This paper relates that the article written by Noam Chomsky and Edward Herman on media propaganda suggests that the elitists control the mass media; therefore, newspaper and magazines is skewed. The author points out that Chomsky and Herman claim that all media outlets are subject to elitist opinions and agendas. The paper cites that Chomsky accuses journalists of manipulating the truth in an effort to promote the interests of the media owners and conglomerates.
From the Paper "Noam Chomsky and Edward Herman designed the "propaganda model" in an effort to explain the role of the mass media and its' corruption. The authors suggest that the media, including newspapers, radio, and television, is controlled by the elite particularly in democratic societies. Many people assume that media control is more typical in dictatorship societies, however Chomsky and Herman believe otherwise. They claim that the purpose of the media is to provide the public with information and entertainment. The authors also suggest that the media influences society's norms, values, codes of behavior, and beliefs."
This paper discusses both positive and negative depictions of the US military in films and looks at how the military has made use of some of these films as a propaganda tool.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 4 sources, 2006, $ 53.95
Abstract This paper discusses the military's use of film as a propaganda tool. The films that examined in the paper are "Battlefield" and "The Manchurian Candidate". Other topics discussed include the Cold War and the use of ideology.
From the Paper "Depictions of the US Military in film have varied considerably over the years. Some films portray the US Military as a negative force that is being used to repress the average citizen. Others portray the US Military in a very positive light by suggesting that they are the average citizen's last defense against hostile nations. Although both depictions can be found in films from any year there are definitely patterns in the proportions of the depictions. In certain time periods the negative depictions of the US Military will outnumber the positive ones. In other time periods the positive depictions..."
Abstract This paper examines the outlook and the function of the propaganda of the Nazi regime. It explains that the propaganda came in the form of movies, radio, newspaper articles and advertisements, mass rallies and books and infiltrated all aspects of German life. The paper looks at how the Nazi propaganda's saturation of German life and the very nature in which propaganda should be used, set out by Hitler and Reichsminister Dr. Joseph Goebbels, were essential to the regime's popularity, the obedience of its people and the building of its psychological and physical strength and population numbers. The paper also notes that propaganda continued to be used by the National Socialists as a manipulator of the people even after they had gained power and that the focus shifted from politics to the demonization of the Jews and the mentally ill, and to the promotion of the Volksgemeinschaft. The paper further discusses how poster art was one of many suitable mediums for conveying these messages. In conclusion the paper shows that National Socialist propaganda takes its place in history as one of the most powerful and successful operations the world has ever known; a programme that indoctrinated a nation and seduced it into pursuing an ideological fantasy, which eventually resulted in catastrophe.
From the Paper "One such example of Nazi poster propaganda is the announcement of the "Third Reich's Day of the Farmer of 1935". The farmer, who had always held a place of high esteem in Nazi ideology, is portrayed as a strong, tall, idealised Aryan. He stands upright with his sleeves rolled up as if ready to work or take on some tremendous task. He appears brave, strong and physically idealised and a perfect example of a good German and Aryan man. The National Socialists had recognised that the farmer was the "fount of national health and future German greatness", and with this poster the Propaganda Ministry aims to create awareness of the value of the farmer and his physical and "Volkish" qualities in that he is putting the concern for the greater Volk above himself by farming. Not only is the poster a piece of propaganda, but the event that it advertises is also a propaganda act, held to "strengthen National Socialist values"."
Abstract The purpose of propaganda is to persuade a large group of people that certain beliefs are the best or most correct ones. This paper discusses how during times of difficulty for any country, propaganda can play an important role for both the state and the individual. It shows how the purpose of propaganda is to manipulate and gives examples of how at times of war such as World War II, propaganda had women persuaded to work for the war effort and how propaganda taught civilians how to use gas masks.
From the Paper "More ominous propaganda in the United States justified the internment of Japanese Americans, many of whom had been born on American soil or had acquired American citizenship, for no other reason than their race and the fact that we were now at war with Japan. Propaganda promoted the concern about sabotage, especially on the West coast where most Japanese lived. These citizens were held in armed camps for the duration of the war, with propaganda making it palatable for a freedom-loving country."
Abstract This paper explores the tactics and tribulations that American propaganda employed and faced during World War II against the Nazis. Comparisons are given at the beginning of the paper with just how effective the Nazi propaganda machine was in destroying a nation's morale before military action and how this clearly weighed on the minds of American political leaders at the time. Quotes and excerpts are given throughout the paper from declassified documents from the OSS and OWI, all lending credence to the idea that America's first priority in terms of propaganda was eliminating the concept of an all-powerful Nazi state. The latter half of the paper gives specific examples and discusses them all in great detail. American film, radio broadcasts, posters, cartoons, and magazine ads are all examined and given as proof of how American propaganda sought to dehumanize and discredit the Nazi regime in order to strengthen the will to fight the Nazis. The concept of morality is heavily discussed, with many propaganda examples containing an idea of American superiority over Germany.
From the Paper "When Adolf Hitler declared war on the United States on December 11th, 1941 after the attack on Pearl Harbor by the Japanese, America was confronted with the prospect of fighting a war in both Europe and Asia. A stream of propaganda against the United States followed the declaration of war from Nazi Germany, and America responded throughout the war with equally strong propaganda that could be found in a variety of mediums. From the traditional war posters, the more modern idea of magazine ads and the growing influence of Hollywood, American propaganda was vital in winning the war against Nazi Germany by strengthening the public's resolve at home and weakening the Nazis psychological grip over Europe."
Abstract This paper examines the prime motivating factors for wartime propaganda - national pride and fear, and reveals how those two motivators are used in a few examples of wartime propaganda posters. The paper also examines how those same posters use traditional propaganda devices to spread a pro-war message, at a time when many Americans were reluctant to enter into another European war. Finally, the paper discusses the propaganda poster as an art form and looks into the lasting popularity of these propaganda pieces. Five photographs of the posters are included with the paper.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper "The propaganda posters commissioned by various branches of the U.S. government during World War II, were very effective at achieving their intended goals of stirring up pro-American feelings and mobilizing citizens to support the War movement. The posters were successful as propaganda because, taken as a whole, they used fear, national pride, and personal pride to motivate people. In addition, the posters used traditional propaganda devices to make mass appeals to a wide-variety of Americans. Given that domestic support for World War II was probably greater than support for any war before of since that time, those propaganda posters have to be declared an overwhelming success."
Abstract This paper analyzes blatant use of propaganda in George Orwell's classic "1984". The paper first examines the different forms of propaganda used, such as the telescreen that constantly delivers misinformation to the public or the government slogans that are announced at every opportunity. The paper then examines how each form of propaganda relates to each of one of seven concepts of propaganda. Next, the paper examines the motivations for the propaganda as a means of instilling fear in the population of Oceania and enabling the government to maintain power.
From the Paper "The fear created by the constant presence of Big Brother is further augmented by his control of the people's movements and behaviors. The telescreens rule their lives, telling them when to rise, 'The telescreen was giving forth an ear-splitting whistle which continued on the same note for thirty seconds. It was nought seven-fifteen, getting-up time for office workers.' (Orwell 31), when to work, when to sleep, when to eat, and when to work once again. 'The telescreen struck fourteen. He must leave in ten minutes. He had to be back at work by fourteen-thirty.' (Orwell 27) The control of time is an effective means of also harnessing the social situation, the limitation of which will be shortly discussed. The control of time effectively cuts short the ability of the people to carry on complete conversations."
Tags: winston smith, oceania, big brother, telescreen totalitarianism
Abstract This paper presents an examination of how propaganda and persuasion are used to foment anti-Semitism in the Middle East. It provides a general discussion of what propaganda is and how it developed. The paper focuses on one example of propaganda in action: "The Protocols of the Learned Elders of Zion", a piece of anti-Jewish propaganda.
From the Paper "Propaganda is one of the most loaded terms in the modern lexicon. At heart propaganda is an attempt to manipulate an audience in order to achieve a certain goal. This manipulation can occur in any number of ways including the use of visual imagery editorials and the spread of misinformation. This paper will examine what propaganda is, how it has developed and how it works. We will then look at a case-study of propaganda in action - The Protocols of the Learned Elders of Zion ..."
Abstract This paper takes a look at propaganda. The paper supplies various definitions of propaganda and discusses how, historically, propaganda had been seen to be a negative and heavy-handed way of promoting one's ideologies due to undue influences. According to the paper, this view of propaganda no longer holds true of today.
From the Paper "By stating the "...some fear is capable of hitting the western United States... (McIntyre, 2006)" an assumption was made again without basis in fact as to who are really afraid of the missiles hitting the United States. Even pointing to the fact that, "It spun out of control seconds after it was launched and the North Koreans never had operational control of the missile" suggested that the North Koreans did not have the proper missile technology - but what were the basis for these statements? If the truth needed to be told, the U.S. government could have shown actual missile launch footages and the failure of some or all of the launched missiles. By doing it this way, statements made by government bureaucrats would coincide with the truth and not just "half-truths or un-truths!"
