Abstract
This paper explains that, in their article 'Marital Relations among Former Prisoners of War: Contribution of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Aggression, And Sexual Satisfaction', researchers Rachel Dekel and Zahava Solomon identify the degree to which post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) affects the marital adjustment, spousal aggression and sexual satisfaction of former prisoners of war (POWs) from the Yom Kippur War. The author points out that the study itself has many limitations and is subject to scrutiny and debate, but the researchers' findings seem to mesh with their anticipated outcomes. The paper relates that these researchers conclude that their findings support the belief that the marital problems of former POWs are related to PTSD symptoms and that increased problems with marital relations occurred for the experimental POWs with PTSD by a margin of twice that of the control group.

Table of Contents:
Purpose of Study
Examination of the Literature Review
The Study Framework and Theoretical Perspective
Research Objectives
Major Study Variables
Characteristics of the Population and Demographic Variables
Methodology
Data Collection and Analysis
Interpretation of Findings, Outcome, and Conclusion

From the Paper
"The articles used in the literature review are generally current, where five were initially published in the 1990s and the rest date from 2000 to the current day. The information presented in the literature review fails to fully and comprehensively describe the topics involved in the study. The theories are not described in detail, nor are the points of interest linked to the other topics. While the literature review is easy to understand and does provide an introduction to the topic, the overall content of the review is too concise and lacks depth."

Tags:replicate, self-reported, wives, variables, refusal

Abstract
This paper critically reviews a single research article entitled "Marital Relations among Former Prisoners of War" by Dekel and Solomon. The paper states that the article explores the relationship between post traumatic stress disorder and aggression in marriage by former POWs. The paper critiques the introduction, literature review, methodology, results, and discussion of this article and demonstrates its significance in nursing.

From the Paper
"Contribution of posttraumatic stress disorder, aggression, and sexual satisfaction," researchers Rachel Dekel and Zahava Solomon identify the degree to which posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) affects the "marital adjustment, spousal aggression, and sexual satisfaction" of former prisoners of war (POWs). The researchers recognized that previous research had demonstrated..."

Tags:article, research, nursing

Abstract
This paper explains that over 500 detainees from countries such as Afghanistan, Iraq and Pakistan have been brought to the U.S. military base at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba by the U.S. government under the assumption that they are dangerous terrorists and a threat to the United States. The author points out that (1) they were brought to Cuba because it is not U.S. soil thus the military can deny them the rights guaranteed under the United States Constitution, such as due process, independent counsel and a speedy trial, and (2) they do not even have rights under the Geneva Convention since the U.S. has not declared them prisoners of war, instead labeling them "enemy combatants". The paper contends that the fallout from this situation at Guantanamo Bay has been that the world now sees the U.S. as a hypocrite following constitutional rights only when it is in the country's best interests.

Table of Contents
Constitutional Amendments of the United States of America
Introduction
Justice for All
Convenience of the "Enemy Combatants" Label
What's Going on at Guantanamo Bay?
The Abused as Abusers
International Quagmire
Crusade for National Security
The End is Near?

From the Paper
"There are even conflicting reports from the same agency. The Red Cross released a report in 2002 stating that there was no torture going on at Guantanamo and then later did an about-face and condemned the treatment of those same prisoners (Cole). Some prisoners who were released talked about physical and mental torture, being isolated for months at a time, being led around with a dog collar, being attacked by dogs, having to wear women's clothing and of being subjected to the desecration of the Quran in front of them (having pages ripped out and flushed down the toilet). Many of these "tortures" have been confirmed by the US government, namely the FBI (Ardiente), with a shrug and grin, as if they are a practice so common (or relatively innocuous compared to what else they might do) that they are confused as to why anyone would be upset by them."

Tags:constitution, denial, enemy-combatants, hypocrite, muslim

Abstract
It is the purpose of this essay to demonstrate that by treating all "detainees" from Afghanistan under rules governing terrorists rather than those of Prisoners Of War as defined under the Geneva Conventions, the United States is effectively making null rules that help to make the inhumane human, to make the damages of war a little less brutal. The United States is making a mistake, one that it cannot afford.

Tags:afghani, prisoners, war

Abstract
This paper discusses and analyzes the history of human rights abuse and the call for civil liberty in the context of World War II and the United States war against Iraq. The paper posits that, throughout history, intolerance to group diversity has led to the occurrence of human rights abuse, citing in particular the abuses against Japanese-Americans and Iraqi prisoners by the United States military during World War II and Gulf War II, respectively.

From the Paper
"Among nations of varying cultures and societies, maintaining satisfactory political relations is a challenge. This is primarily due to differences among leaders and societies that make up this nation; thus, as a result of this diversity, it is inevitable that international relations among countries of the world may experience conflicts and antagonism with each other."

Tags:world, war, iraq

Abstract
This paper discusses the torture and hardships, which American POWs were subjected to during imprisonment in Vietnam. During the 11-year long conflict, tens of hundreds of soldiers were taken prisoners by the Vietnamese armed forces and they were treated in the worse possible manner. It was in 1973 that Vietnam declared that it had no Americans in its prisons and this brought an end to the issue of POWs/MIAs. While many maintain that some American soldiers were never released, the government in 1973 officially ended the search for the missing soldiers as 591 soldiers came back home after may years of confinement in Vietnamese torture cells.

Abstract
This paper examines how the treatment of prisoners of war and civilians during the Peloponnesian War cannot be considered a fair measure of the Greek (and especially Athenian) ideals of justice and morality. It discusses how the treatment by the Athenians of defeated enemies, allies and citizens of neutral states can be considered unworthy of the enlightened ideals that have characterized the best in Hellenic civilization down through the ages.

From the Paper
"Treating prisoners of war badly is a moral issue because it involves the universally recognized wrong of harming people who are at your mercy and really have no way to protect themselves from whatever you choose to do to them. The ancient Greeks were keenly aware that this was not right (immoral). The fifth-century Athenians were particularly sensitive to the issue because of the origins of their democracy. Their great lawgiver, Solon, was chosen by both the common people and the nobility to reform the state, which was in disarray because of struggles between the two groups. His reforms protected the weaker majority from the powerful, propertied minority and created constitutional mechanisms to make the state serve the needs of all classes. He set up representative bodies where all freemen could play a role in devising and passing the laws that affected the political, social, and economic life of Athens--and their lives. "

Tags:democracy, athens, thucydides, melian, dialogue

Abstract
This paper examines the experiences of Allied prisoners of war during World War II. It compares the POWs of the Japanese with those of Germany and gives special attention to the Australians who were imprisoned by these forces. It starts with a general discussion of the circumstances of the war followed by a comparison in the areas of facilities, diet, healthcare, labor, recreation, torture and female prisoners. This comparison is made by looking at examples of the experiences of individual POWs and POW camps and its purpose is to show the reader the variety of experiences and it does not purport to be an assessment of the complete POW experience of the two nations.

From the Paper
"Fought on a number of fronts between 1939 and 1945 World War 2 can be separated into three conflicts. The Middle East and the Mediterranean between 1940-42. The Eastern front from June 1941 and the Japanese Pacific from December 1941. The war originally started when the Germans invaded Poland, causing France and the UK to declare war, while the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbour incited the USA to declare war on Japan. Australia's involvement has generally been contributed to a widespread political and emotional commitment to Britain. The need for defence from the Japanese if they chose to move south was also a factor and in total 550,000 Australian men and women served in the armed forces."

Tags:airforce, allied, ambon, army, camp, detention, navy, soldier, starvation, torture

Abstract
This paper states that never before in history has a man violated as many legal obligations as Saddam Hussein; therefore, 1991 Persian Gulf War has become one of the most significant international events of all time. The author points out that the most obvious violation made by Saddam Hussein was in waging a war of aggression against Kuwait. The paper relates that Iraq violated many treaties such as the United Nations and the Pact of the League of Arab States, all of the Security Council's Resolutions and many laws of war, neutrality and belligerent occupation including carrying out a sneak attack, missile terror attacks against civilian populations, the mistreatment of prisoners of war and finally environmental terrorism.

From the Paper
"Another violation of the laws of wars committed by Iraq in the Gulf War was the mistreatment of the prisoners of war. All of the United States armed forces that were taken prisoner by Iraq were mistreated to some degree which is more violations by Iraq under the Geneva Convention Relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War. CNN aired footage on January 20, 1991 of American and other prisoners of war that claimed that there was definite mistreatment of them at the hands of the Iraqi's. This mistreatment goes against Article 13 of the Geneva Convention that states, "Prisoners of war must at all times be humanely treated....Likewise, prisoners of war must at all times be protected, particularly against acts of violence or intimidation and against insults and public curiosity." The fact that these prisoners of war were shown on CNN, the worldwide news program situated at the center of the Gulf Crisis, shows that article 13 was violated since the prisoners were not protected against public curiosity."

Tags:scud, un, treaties, kuwait, resolutions

Abstract
This paper explores how the so-called "war on drugs," officially declared in the early 1980s, has been a primary contributor to the enormous growth of the prison system in the United States during the last quarter-century and has affected all aspects of the criminal justice system and, consequently, American society. The paper goes on to explain that, responding to a perceived problem of high rates of drug abuse in the late 1970s, the Reagan administration officially launched a "war on drugs" policy in 1982, resulting in substantially increased funding for drug law enforcement and political focus on the drug war. In conclusion, the paper suggests that perhaps the real questions we should ask ourselves are why drugs remain as a steadfast cornerstone in most societies and how can we learn to live with them while managing the potential consequences? The paper reasons that this concept defies everything our politicians and criminal justice professionals currently argue for, but is a more realistic goal than simply criminalizing certain substances while providing legal sanction for others proving to be just as lethal when misused. The paper includes statistical charts and tables.

From the Paper
"Proponents for the "war on drugs" would argue that by criminalizing certain drugs, we're protecting America's youth. In truth, illicit drug use among young people has declined over the past 28 years. Those that admitted to ever using any illicit drugs are down from 69% (18-25 age group) in 1979 to 55.6% in 2001 (ONDCP, 2002). Even with illegal drug use declining, prescription drugs are gaining in popularity across all age groups and socio-economic classes.
"The real cost to us, as a society, is the ever-increasing corrections budget to house prisoners and build more prisons, resulting in fewer tax dollars available to be allocated to programs that may actually make a difference in how our citizens choose to live. The chart below, furnished by the Public Safety Performance Project (2007), illustrates the exorbitant amount that is spent on State Corrections each year, increasing drastically from 1986 to the present."

Tags:marijuana, drugs, pharmaceuticals, Ritalin, cocaine, corrections, arrests