This paper discusses stuttering, its etiology, diagnosis, treatment, and stereotypes, as seen in the films "PrimalFear" and "Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone".
Abstract This paper explains that stuttering is a complex disorder, with an etiology and severity level that varies from case to case. The author selected "Harry Potter" and ?PrimalFear? as examples of stuttering stereotypes in films because, in both films, a character faked his disorder to convey a falsehood to people that he hoped to deceive. The paper relates that treating stuttering should be focused on the patient's hearing, seeing, feelings, and the effects the disorder has had on the person's personality.
Table of Contents
Stereotypes Displayed in Films
"Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone"
?PrimalFear?
Etiology of Stuttering
Myths, Misconceptions and Multiple Causes
Diagnosis
Treatment
Conclusion
From the Paper "Parents who are concerned that their preschool-age child may be a stutterer should be aware that what is considered "normal" dysfluency can occur in ten of every one hundred spoken words. ( More recently, it has been suggested that dysfluencies can be categorized as "stuttering-like" or "other". Stutter-like dysfluencies include blocks, repetitions, and prolongations. Other dysfluencies include interjections, revisions or deserted statements, and repetitions of phrases or multi-syllables."
Abstract Our world is dominated by fears of death - all fears ultimately end in the fear of death. Icarus could fly, Caine became invisible. "Hollow Man" is just that - a man in pursuit of that which will ultimately rob him of his soul, Caine is indeed hollow. The adventure story is by far the easiest medium to express the black and white nature of this confrontation of social fears. We are not allowed to challenge God / Nature / Society. "Hollow Man" delivers all of this in one simple film.
Abstract This paper uses several well-known writings to demonstrate the power of fear and its influence on human behavior. The paper talks about how fear has been used on slaves to keep them from wanting to become free, how it can be used to make people do things that are contrary to their own well-being, and how great strength and courage are needed to overcome fear.
From the Paper "Frederick Douglass is an excellent example of an individual who stood up to his fear. In his novel, Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, Douglass explains the fear he encountered as a slave with high ambitions. We realize his desire when Mrs. Auld's attempts to teach Douglass to read. Mr. Auld forbade the lessons, telling his wife, it was "unlawful, as well as unsafe to teach a slave to read . . . if you give a nigger an inch, he will take an ell" (78). Additionally, he said that teaching Douglass to read "would forever unfit him to be a slave. He would at once become unmanageable, and of no value to his master. As to himself, it could do him no good, but a great deal of harm. It would make him disoriented and unhappy" (78). This scene is significant because it illustrates Douglass? strength to follow his own desire despite his circumstances. Douglass demonstrates how the slaves were placed in a position of fearing even learning to read because they might be punished. "
Abstract This paper briefly examines the sociological contretemps of Hickman's text, "Courtesans", and Glassner's text, "Culture of Fear". The paper reviews how the former addresses the sociological barriers which kept women in straitened and often unhappy circumstances, and it also looks at the sociological factors which contribute to Americans fearing the wrong things while ignoring those items which matter more.
From the Paper "Sociological Aspects to Courtesans and The Culture of Fear In Katie Hickman's Courtesans, the reader is introduced to the sociological realities women faced in eighteenth and nineteenth century society. Predominantly, these women gained fortune and security - if not power - by making themselves sexually available to powerful suitors. In effect, the social mechanism by which they profited was that of prostitution - although it was rarely used in describing them. Their education, their social pretensions and their involvement in the arts are also noteworthy and they are detailed below. Education, the arts, the social pretensions and the native inquisitiveness of these women all played a role in their formation. Sophia Baddeley, for example, received a "genteel" education (Hickman 34); Elizabeth Armistead was born into poverty and there does not appear to be any evidence that she received a "genteel" education (Hickman 83-85)."
Abstract The paper discusses the novel "1984," where society is based on the conformity of individuals because of their fear of what will happen to them if they oppose those in control. In reality, it is evident that many societies throughout the world have functioned with this type of social order. The communist regime of the Soviet Union, Hitler's Nazi Germany and the governments of some Middle Eastern countries have promoted control of their citizens based on fear. The paper explains that the ideology expressed in "1984," that these types of countries cannot survive over time, however, is correct.
Abstract This paper provides an analysis of Barry Glassner's arguments in his book, 'The Culture of Fear'. According to the paper the book's rationale is to create public awareness about the circumstances surrounding the issue of fear. The paper concludes with a summary of the research and salient findings.
Overview:
Review and Discussion
What are Americans Afraid of Anyway?
Current and Future Trends
Conclusion
From the Paper "Certainly, the Internet offers Americans with an alternative source of information from the mainstream media and many are taking advantage of this option; however, the fact remains the most Americans can reasonably be expected to garner the majority of their opinions from the shared experience of national and local media coverage of events that might not be viewed in the same context by the international press or a more subjective analysis. According to Doremus and his colleagues, "The networks are not the only source of news available to the public, so perhaps there is little harm in a shift toward the sensational in network news provided that other, more useful, information sources are available. However, other advertiser-supported news media are no doubt affected by the same market forces as network news" (p. 290). Consequently, it would seem that the media has the American public in its corporate pocket and they are not going to let them out anytime soon."
Tags: American, public, fear, coverage, news, media, information
Abstract The subject of the paper is gender and geography. The paper argues that gender identities are determined by the fear of public urban spaces. In order to maintain the patriarchy women are convinced that there is something to be afraid of. Men on the other hand build identities as aggressors or protectors. The paper examines how it is not just the physical environment that determines spaces within cities, but also social, political, ideological, economic and cultural factors.
From the Paper "Spaces within cities are not just determined by the physical environment. Social, political, ideological, economic and cultural factors are just as important. This is what Tracey Skillington is saying in The City as Text when she uses the term "the city as text". Skillington argues, It was by way of a complex system of symbolic interaction that meaning was socially constructed and politically mobilized, that certain cultural codes of interpretation were mediated through the symbolic features of discourse on the city to justify the system of cultural and political authority as it is (Skillington, 1998:458)."
Abstract This paper examines how the two works, "Getting Things Done" and "Primal Leadership" deal with success and success achievement, but take entirely different routes. It looks at how "Primal Leadership" focuses on the intangibles: emotional intelligence that guides an organization towards success and how the focus is on relationships outside self. In comparison, it discusses how "Getting Things Done", focuses on self, isolates the reader from his or her peers and forces him or her to structure priorities to get work done. Both theories are briefly applied to the real estate industry.
From the Paper "Specifically, Allen stresses the five stages of mastering work flow. First, there is the Collect stage. One must know what one must do first before one can do it. Allen asks us to process all of our collection of work efforts in several types of in-boxes: physical inbox, paper-based note-taking devices, electronic note-taking devices, voice-recording devices and email. The trick is to minimize your inbox collection devices so you only have a few places to look for tasks to be completed."
Abstract This paper covers what childhood drama can do to a person, and how they can recover from it in adulthood. The process can be quite intense and may take many years. John Firman's book "The Primal Wound" is the main source for this paper. Also weaved in are the theories of Robert Assagioli's psychosynthesis, Hans Kohut's crystallization points, Kristina Grof's womb work, Piero Ferruci's sub-personalities, and Carl Jung's archetypes.
From the Paper "In our early formative years we are all small, tiny pawns that can be moved from space to space, ignored, or resented for many various reasons. Whatever those reasons may be, we can be left with a deep fissure within our self, our soul. John Firman calls this fissure ?the primal wound.? Firman wrote the book The Primal Wound in 1997. Firman attempts to formulate a comprehensive outlook on childhood wounding by utilizing the work of Roberto Assagioli's psychosynthesis. Psychosynthesis offers a broad outline of the human being that includes the suffering of early wounding and trauma. Psychosynthesis also focuses on the healing of primal wounding and the healthy development of the whole human being. Firman believes that, ?the primal wound is a result of a violation we all suffer in various ways. In this violation we are treated not as individual, unique human beings, but as objects.? (Firman, 1997). Firman deems that the beginnings of the initial wounding may not be traceable to any certain one event. ?The most apparent effect will be set in the relationship between the child and his/her parent or caregiver.? (Firman, 1997). This will form a deep recessive wound that will envelope the child as he/she grows up. This type of wounding is in comparison to that of Heinz Kohut's "crystallization points" in which trauma is inflicted to the child by ongoing internal injury put forward by the parent of caregiver. (Kohut, 1977)."
Abstract The following paper discusses how primal religions are often misunderstood as history is often passed down orally due to no existence of written records. This paper examines how the written texts of the Bible, Torah, and Quran, over time, created a more literate society and helped to broaden the scope and area these religions now influence. The paper continues to discuss how religions today are followed, even into the Internet.
From the Paper "When studying the Primal religions, it is imperative to remember that there was no written log of their beliefs. Their rights and rituals were passed down from generation to generation. Those selected within the population as the holy one; or mediator who could interact with the god or gods were the ones to pass down the oral traditions. As anyone today knows, if you";ve ever played the game ;telephone the message can be distorted as it is passed from person to person. The histories we have to read today are only the last version of the original story. Perhaps many were not corrupted and we are hearing the same that was told eons ago; but there is the possibility that what we are reading is far from the original."
Tags: beginnings, god, goddess, primal, religion, religious, shaman, world
Abstract Discusses the relationship between fear and racial or ethnic discrimination as complicated. Connection to one's cultural world and values. Forms of discrimination against African Americans (workplace, community) & against other ethnic groups. Fear of social violence. Low self-esteem and the emotion of fear, and fear based on concrete situations. How differences trigger fear. Police reactions.
From the Paper "The emotion of fear is an essential part of human development and experience. For adults, fear sends crucial messages to the mind about potential dangers and reflects an individual's emotional vulnerability about certain issues or situations (Owen, 1998, p. 483). Various individuals can develop a wide range of fears towards many objects and situations, such as fear of heights and open spaces. However, while some fears can be considered a regular part of a healthy normal life, fears that are related to abuse and discriminatory situations can have a debilitating effect on the overall well-being of the individuals concerned (Owen, 1998, p. 483). In this essay, the complex connection between the emotion of fear and discrimination will be explored. Racial or ethnic discrimination is used because it is also manifested in other forms of..."
Abstract This paper indicates that an infant's fears are most likely reactions to real and immediate events while a preschoolers' fears many times stem from his or her imagination. The author points out that humans have a built-in mechanism, which is triggered by fear, called the flight or fight reaction that acts as a survival mechanism and saves people from many potential dangerous or violent situations. The paper relates that fear continues throughout the life-span in various forms and, many times, it prevents people from living their lives to the fullest potential because people allow their fears to get in the way and cripple them from going any farther.
From the Paper "When a person's phobia are too intense and he cannot just stay away from the object or setting that produces the fear or phobia he sometimes seeks professional help. It is interesting that when they use behavior modification in treating phobias that they use a method where the person is repeatedly exposed to the feared situation or object so that they can see that no harm befalls them; the fear gradually fades. It seems that even in the case of extreme fear that the answer is to face that fear and it eventually dissipates."
Abstract This paper discusses the relationship between the emotion of fear and discrimination. It shows how individuals who confront racial discrimination live in a cultural world that constantly batters at their self-esteem. Unless they are working in their own community, African and ethnic Americans are surrounded by a cultural world with different values and with discrimination. It shows how they are made to feel that they are lesser than others in this hostile environment and incapable of achieving the standards and values of this world. It evaluates how people with low self-esteem have the propensity to produce the emotion of fear and how not only do they possess the fear of mortality, they begin to develop fear and uncertainty about the world they live in. It discusses how it is crucial for authorities, institutions and organizations to confront directly the issue of racial or ethnic discrimination and address the fundamental injustices underlying the problems that are contributing to the tragedy of ethnic violence.
From the Paper "While adults experience fear through the depletion of their self-esteem and self-image, young children and people in ethnic neighborhoods experience fear towards concrete situations. The consequences of discrimination that result in economic hardships for ethnic and African American and ethnic families exert a tremendous impact on young children. For young Hispanic children who live in poverty, drive-by shootings, and gangs and drugs top their list of fears. This list reflects their lack of security in a world that have not provided good values and proper standards of behavior (Owen, 1998, p. 490). Although these children do not realize that they suffer from discrimination, their lives are a significant result of the discrimination in society. Their fears of social violence are not unfounded."
Abstract The paper examines how the symptoms of fear and anxiety in canines can range the entire spectrum from mild to life-threatening conditions. The paper discusses the help that pet owners, military and police dog handlers, veterinarians and others concerned about the welfare of their animals will need when confronted with these types of conditions in their household dogs and other canines. The paper provides an overview of the problem including causes and symptoms of fear and anxiety in canines, followed by a critical analysis of the current and peer-reviewed literature concerning the pharmacological treatment of these disorders today. A summary of the research and salient findings are provided in the conclusion.
Outline:
i)Introduction
ii)Review and Discussion
Background and Overview
Causes and Symptoms of Fear and Anxiety in Canines
Pharmacological Treatment of Fear and Anxiety in Canines
Table I
iii)Conclusion
iv)References
From the Paper "From a clinical perspective, Sher and Trull (1996) note that there are a number of naturally occurring behavior disorders that are typically treated in veterinary practices that may have relevance to a number of human conditions; these conditions include, but are not limited to, stereotypic disorders (e.g. excessive grooming), aggression, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, eating disorders, hyperactivity, and sleep disorders. These authors add that researchers generally use a wide variety of experimental manipulations to induce specific signs and symptoms or more complex syndromes in animals that have some similarity to human psychopathologic phenomena with the majority of these behavior disorders in animals (Sher & Trull, 1996)."
Abstract The paper shows that philosophers and psychologists have argued endlessly about the forces that motivate a person most, since the earliest time of recorded history. There are many theories about this issue, but one assertion that has always been made is that there are essentially two forces that motivate people: self-interest and fear. The paper argues in favour of this theory and shows why the author is in agreement of the fact that being motivated by self-interest and fear is part of human nature. The paper discusses how all human actions are motivated by a desire to move towards pleasure and to move away from pain. This moving toward pleasure covers all our actions based on self-interest, whether direct or indirect and moving away from pain constitutes all our actions taken to avoid fear.
From the Paper "Pursuit of self-interest and avoidance of fear has been seen as part of human nature. We must reflect on why this is so, since nature does not act without reason. Self-interest is often associated with a negative and undesirable human trait that is either to be denied or suppressed. It must be realized that self-interest is not just a negative feeling and may well be responsible for progress made by mankind. It is what motivates human beings to make inventions, to strive for excellence, to compete, to try and better ourselves and our lives. It is a valuable and positive natural instinct and nothing to be ashamed of."
