Abstract
This paper examines the differences between the language used in advertisements in the United States and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. It uses examples of English-language advertisements in both countries. It compares the same type of advertisements to determine what has changed in the use of language in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia print advertisements in mainstream newspapers in recent years. The paper then selects and analyzes advertisement content found in two representative newspapers in each country.

Table of Contents:
Abstract
Chapter 1: Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Significance of the Study
Purpose of Study
Importance of Study
Rationale of Study
Chapter 2: Review of Related Literature
Background and Overview
Print Media in the U.S. and Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Current Trends and Influences
Pragmatics and Content Analyses of Print Material
Research Questions
Chapter 3: Methodology
Theoretical Framework
Limitations of the Study

From the Paper
"Therefore, the importance assigned to pragmatic meaning of various textual elements does not end the primacy of their semantic meaning (Cook, 1992). Nevertheless, words have a wide range of influential factors involved for their user besides their denotation, which supposedly persists across different contexts, and its pragmatic function, which supposedly varies systematically across contexts. In this regard, Cook adds that, "These aspects of a word are so many and so vast that knowledge of them will vary considerably from user to user" (1992, p. 99). Consequently, all readers will bring some unique qualities to the interpretation of newspaper advertisements that will likely affect their decision whether to purchase a given product or service, but content analysis remains a subjective realm that requires the careful selection of relevant themes and how the results are interpreted to ensure that these factors are taken into account."

Tags:representation, textual, journalism

Abstract
This paper examines two print advertisements in different markets and different periods of the product Red Bull produced by the company known by the same name or Red Bull GmbH. The paper relates that Red Bull was founded by Dietrich Mateschitz in 1984 after identifying a market demand for a functional energy drink that he had experienced several years previously while in Hong Kong.

From the Paper
"This research project examines 2 print advertisements in different markets and different periods of the product Red Bull produced by the company known by the same name or Red Bull GmbH. Red Bull was founded by Dietrich Mateschitz in 1984 after identifying a market demand for a functional energy drink that he had experienced several years previously while in Hong Kong ("Red"). For Red Bull, the beverage industry is largely an industry that lives or dies by identifying each next fad or..."

Tags:print, advertisements, red bulll

Abstract
The present paper examines the grammatical errors evident in the abovementioned letter from "Betula" to "Andrea". Though the grammatical mistakes are varied, the paper focuses primarily on the letter's problem of incorrect "aspect", and attempts to analyze how Betula's grammatical aspect problems can be categorized and corrected.

From the Paper
Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. What is Aspect? 3. Types of Tense Expressed Under Aspect 4. Analysis of Betula's Essay in Terms of Aspect 5. Conclusion 1. Introduction --------------------------------------- Dear Andrea, How're things? I must tell you something about my new maid Mina. She is

Tags:grammar, aspect, betula

Abstract
This paper compares two advertisements, those for (Item A) VO5 brand Power! Control Styling Gel and (Item B) the fragrance Goddess by Kimora Lee Simmons. This paper compares these particular advertisements due to their target audience, stereotypes portrayed, modern popular culture, traditional culture and the desires and beliefs of Western culture. This paper argues that, despite superficial similarities in the advertisements, closer examination reveals considerable differences between the two particularly in terms of appeal and target audience.

Tags:comparative, essay, advertisement

Abstract
In this study, the writer examines cigarette advertisements that are aimed at women. The writer argues that the advertisements represent harmful speech and should not have First Amendment protection. The writer looks at the move in the 1990's against cigarette advertising and discusses consumer needs rather than the needs of big business.

From the Paper
"The purpose of this research is to examine the proposition that cigarette advertisements aimed towards women are in violation of the First Amendment. The plan of the research will be to show that the ads represent an instance of harmful speech and that as such, they are in direct violation of the First Amendment guarantee to be protected from such speech."

Tags:first, amendment, cigarette, advertising

Abstract
The paper looks at arguments in advertising. Specifically, the paper identifies five instances of advertisements that cleverly present arguments in a manner aimed at getting people to part with their hard-earned money - all to purchase goods that it may safely be said are non-essential. The paper describes each article and outlines what sort of argument each appears to be.

From the Paper
"The first step in figuring out any advertisement is discerning what type of argument is being presented. Glancing at a cellophane ad from the 1950s ("Photo(s) of the Day: Crazy Advertisements from the 1950s," illus1), one..."

Tags:arguments, advertising, english

Abstract
The paper selects two advertisements that are for Sirius Canada satellite radio and the Alienware personal computer. The paper examines the publication "Here's How", which is a magazine targeting buyers or consumers of consumer technology products and services. The paper then relates that in determining if the product categories are relevant to the readers of this publication, one only need examine the editorial direction of the publication.

From the Paper
"The 2 selected advertisements are for Sirius Canada satellite radio and the Alienware personal computer advertisement. The publication being examined is "Here's How", which is a magazine targeting buyers or consumers of consumer technology products and services. In determining if the product categories are relevant to the readers of this publication one only need examine the editorial direction of the publication. In this case, "Here's How" specifically targets buyers of consumer electronics which includes such items as televisions, stereos, cell phones, PDAs, computers,..."

Tags:magazine, size, advertisement

Abstract
This paper takes a look at six applications in order to compare the First Amendment rights to free speech to the courts' pragmatic approach to First Amendment issues.

From the Paper
"When it comes to the First Amendment of the United States Constitution the courts are often caught between a rock and a hard place. If the courts protect the right of the First Amendment there are sometimes substantial consequences that could have been avoided by suppression. If the court rules to protect the interests of many and rules against freedom of speech then it finds itself in violation of the constitution. It is a balancing system in which the court is constantly weighing the good of all against the nature of the first amendment. It is a battle that will continue as long as we are a nation that abides by the constitution, which also allows us to request court intervention and mediation regarding the amendment."

Tags:case, solution, protect, Supreme, Court, constitution, publication, law, government, obligation

Abstract
This paper states that the the main purpose of this study is to determine the characteristics of women's image in advertisements' contents as depicted in the most widely circulated Arab women magazines in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and to identify the effect of such contents in formulating the societal image of women. The study also examines how women feel about the presented image of women in advertising. The author points out that, in the UAE, women not only are gaining ground in workforce participation but also are filling positions once held primarily by men; however, this is not always reflected in ads. The paper indicates that the majority of female students felt that the relationship between the woman's image in published advertisements and society's view towards her is a highly positive one. The paper includes the data generated by the survey and several figures, tables and quotations.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Introduction
Need for the Study
Purpose of the Study
Research Questions
Procedures
Research Hypotheses
Review of Literature
Background and Overview
United Arab Emirates Today
The Impact of Advertisement
The Importance of the Visual Image in Advertisements
The Women's Image in the Visual Advertisements
Depiction of Women in Magazine Advertisements
Methodology
Sample
Instrumentation
Data Collection Procedures
Results
Data Analysis
Discussion and Conclusion
Discussion of Results
Recommendations
Questionnaire

From the Paper
"Arab information media have by and large been established on a weak economic base throughout the Middle East. For example, Arab newspapers were introduced when national incomes and populations were small, and the literacy rates were low; as a result, both advertising revenues and mass-circulation sales (the two primary sources of commercial newspaper income elsewhere), were restricted. Even after World War II, as the Arab economies enjoyed a new level of prosperity, advertising remained sufficiently insignificant to most Arab businessmen, and did not appear to represent a viable avenue of revenue-generation in the modest-circulation press, to enable newspaper publishers to generate many advertisements in the first place."

Tags:post-independence, israel, eating-related, hyper-consumption, content

Abstract
This paper argues that the advertisements by the pharmaceutical companies structure gender roles or appropriate ways of being a woman and imply inappropriate gender behavior through a highly selective and limited portrayal of the ways in which female sexuality can be expressed. Next, the author relates the conflicts and contradictions that arise between what is considered appropriate female sexuality in birth control advertisements and what is considered appropriate by other areas of American society, such as religious institutions and the institution of family. The paper explains that the intersections of gender with ethnicity, class and ability may influence how different women perceive these advertisements and thus perform their gender roles. Based on these insights, the paper includes a suggested policy brief by the author regarding oral contraceptive advertisements.

From the Paper
"Second, and specific to the context of an oral contraceptive advertisement, not only are the lacking types of women in the alesse advertisements made into others, but they are made into others who are less likely to be sexually active or sexually desired. Since only one type of female body is depicted in the ads, there is an implication that women who do not have this type of body are not in need of, or at least less likely to be in need of, a product that allows women to be sexually active while preventing pregnancy. The use of only women conventionally attractive women in the ads sends a message that those types of women are most likely to frequently engage in sex for non-reproductive purposes, and therefore, are the women most likely to be desired by men, able to express themselves sexually and experience sexual pleasure most frequently. Women who are not white, thin, under the age of 30, able-bodied are left out entirely, as if they are unlikely to have opportunities to engage in sex for pleasure because they do not meet superficial standards of femininity. Tied into the first implication that conventionally attractive women are more in need of oral contraceptives is a second implication that those women are more likely to have successful careers, high levels of education, or any position where preventing pregnancy is an asset."

Tags:sex, restrictive gender roles, physical appearance, spontaneous romance, de-privatized