Abstract
This paper analyzes the negative political impact that large powerful organizations can have. It describes the cycle of corruption, oppression and turmoil that produces terrorism, which in turn generates reactionary policies in the United States which are detrimental to democracy. Specifically, the paper looks at the consequences of the political and economic alliance between powerful international organizations and conservative-controlled governments.

From the Paper
"The stark truth is that globalization is harmful to hundreds of millions of people around the world, and has produced destructive political blowback in the form of terrorism, dangerous instability and escalating violence in the Middle East, alarming restrictions on civil liberties in the United States, the outsourcing of millions of jobs in order to exploit cheap labor in Third World countries, and the degeneration of America's political system into an Orwellian system in which lies are peddled as the truth and the truth is degraded as lies.
"One of the biggest lies is that globalization benefits everyone. Monopoly capitalist dominance over the world's economy through globalization threatens to condemn undeveloped nations to permanent subservience and endless poverty. Under such conditions, it is hypocritical for the IMF to call for debt relief when the debts are conditioned on the very same economic policies that exacerbates indebtedness throughout the Third World. (Bull 261-263)"

Tags:globalization, terrorism, outsourcing, third, world, poverty, instability, corruption

Abstract
Though there is broad agreement, among theorists and experts in the field of global governance, that International Organizations (IOs) are powerful actors on the world stage, there is less agreement with regard to the accompanying roles and processes. Major theories of related to IOs are frequently framed as the realists, the liberalists, the constructivists, and the adherents of complex interdependence.

From the Paper
++ ++ International Organizations: Actors and Roles Though there is broad agreement, among theorists and experts in the field of global governance, that International Organizations (IOs) are powerful actors on the world stage, there is less agreement with regard to the accompanying roles and processes. Major theories of related to IOs are frequently framed as the realists, the liberalists, the constructivists, and the adherents of complex interdependence (Karns and Mingst, 2006, 9-10, Barnett and Finnemore, 1999, 702). Actors, in the realist and the

Tags:international, organizations, theory

Abstract
A sustained anlaysis of the ideas and themes of an article, "The Politics, Power and Pathology of International Organizations". The paper discusses the impact of the ability of IOs to manage information.

From the Paper
"Barnett and Finnemore develop the view that international organizations (IOs) by their very nature have the potential to fall into dysfunction and implement their work in such ways as to yield negative effects from a violation of mission to inappropriate mission creep and in any case, blazing a trail of failure. Such organizational behavior, which they label pathological, is guaranteed if an organization's bureaucratic structures dominate adherence to appropriate protocols on one hand, or adhere inappropriately to such protocols on the other. The good intentions or original mission conception..."

Tags:bureaucracies, international organizations, max weber, criticism of IOs

Abstract
This writer of this paper details the events that led to the creation of NAFTA, NATO and the UN as well as their original goals of preventing war and improving economic issues of trade while helping the world function as a globalized and interrelated unit. The writer contends and explains why these organizations currently function as merely a personification of the very issues that existed before their introduction. This paper details the history of the UN, NATO and NAFTA. NATO was established after WWII, thanks to various European nations and the U.S. The intention of NATO was to band together as a military alliance against the threat of the Soviet Union. This paper looks at NATO since the fall of the Soviet Union, in which many contend the organization has been taken over by U.S. interests. This paper also discusses the world's perception of NAFTA, which is an economically driven alliance between north American nations, with the advantage going to the wealthiest and most powerful member nations. The writer delves into the workings of the UN which has repeatedly been stymied in its efforts to accomplish important international tasks, which are detailed in this paper. This paper also discusses the role of the U.S. as the principle power in all three organizations.

From the Paper
"So, too, many consider NAFTA, an economically driven alliance between North American Nations (principally Canada, the United States, and Mexico) to be equally unbalanced, with the advantage going to the wealthiest and most powerful member nations. In this case, many assert that, although the concept of "free trade" between the North American nations is a good one, in practice the natural imbalance of the alliance proves problematic. For example, many within Mexico complain that the agenda of the United States, and secondarily, Canada overshadows any legitimate concerns that Mexico may have."

Tags:political, history, war, world, two, soviet, union, economy, interests, perception

Abstract
This paper offers a critical analysis of the role played by powerful international organizations. The paper asserts that such organizations often detract from our possibilities for democratic politics, for the exploitive policies of international organizations like the International Monetary Fund perpetuate the vicious cycle of political corruption, oppression, and turmoil plaguing Third World countries. The paper purports that this corruption, oppression, and turmoil produces terrorism, which in turn has generated reactionary policies in the United States that are detrimental to democracy.

From the Paper
"Powerful international organizations detract from our possibilities for democratic politics, for the exploitive policies of international organizations like the International Monetary Fund perpetuate the vicious cycle of political corruption, oppression, and turmoil plaguing Third World countries. This corruption, oppression, and turmoil produces terrorism, which in turn has generated reactionary policies in the United States which are detrimental to democracy."

Tags:IMF, corruption, conspiracy, theory, corporation

Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that in the current changing paradigm of increasing globalization, the proliferation of non-government organizations, and the growing activities of multinationals, the scope of international law has become much broader. The writer points out that the jurisdictional and protective reach of international law now extends far beyond traditional state-to-state interactions to international organizations as well as individuals. This paper looks at the background of the expanding scope of international law. The writer then discusses some of the challenges, benefits and trade-offs that such a growing reach of international law necessarily brings.

Outline:
The Expanding Scope of International Law
Challenges
Benefits
Trade-Offs
Works Cited

From the Paper
"International law is often perceived to encroach upon domestic sovereignty of nation-states. Most governments are jealously protective of their sovereignty and consider any international law that conflict with their domestic laws as unwanted intrusion in their internal affairs. It is, however, noticeable that the most fervent opposition to a more widespread implementation of international law comes from coercive, dictatorial regimes such as China, Russia, and the military regime of Burma governments who do not like to adhere to civilized norms of behavior, particularly in the treatment of their own people. Even a number of democratic countries, such as the United States are only supportive of international law as long as it serves their narrow national interest. Hence, the biggest challenge to extending the scope of international law beyond its traditional boundaries is to devise and implement it in such a way that it does not conflict with domestic laws and does not threaten sovereignty of nations. "

Tags:relations, conflicts, sovereign, nations, power

Abstract
This paper summarizes and comments on three articles about international relations. The paper first discusses Robert Jervis' article "Security Regimes" and explains that, in it, Jervis asks whether restraining behavior in hopes that other nations will do the same is a good or bad for national security. The paper then discusses David A. Lake's article, "Anarchy, Hierarchy, and the Variety of International Relations", noting that the author argues that international relations will always take either an anarchic or a hierarchy relationship. The paper concludes with Russett, Oneal and Davis' article "The Third Leg of Kantian Tripod for Peace: International Organizations and Militarized Disputes, 1950-85", which claims that the ideologies laid forth by Immanuel Kant are an excellent model for achieving peace on a global scale.

From the Paper
"This second form of relations is a hierarchy, where one country will have a dominance over the others in its sphere of influence. Since "security is a complex phenomenon dependent upon a state's assessment of the likely behavior of another", there are differencing opinions on how to interact with other counties. During the Cold War, the Soviet Union had a hierarchy with the countries in its sphere of influence. This means that it was the dominant force making all of the decision in its side of the world because its leaders believed that this was the most efficient way to do things."

Tags:mutual, kant, stability, power, interdependence

Abstract
This paper, based on John Mearsheimer's article, "The False Promise of International Institutions", argues against the effectiveness of international institutions by attacking three leading institutionalist theories: Liberal institutionalism, collective security and critical theory. The author points out that international institutions have failed up to this point because they do not have in place effective mechanisms for those who break international law and there are double standards in these institutions, which clearly favor the more powerful states. The paper concludes by offering suggestions for a re-organization in international institutions, which will result in more positive conclusions resulting in a more interdependent, cooperative international society.

From the Paper
"The attack upon liberal institutionalism suggests that this idea does not provide a sound basis for understanding international relations or promoting worldwide stability. This argument is based upon the fact that liberal institutionalism focuses on cooperation and avoids the direct question, which propounds on whether or not international institutions cause peace. Another strong argument against liberal institutionalism besides its narrow definition of "cooperation" is that it virtually ignores the other major obstacle to cooperation: relative-gain concerns. A prime example of this in current institutional history can be gleaned from the arguments made against Turkey's inclusion into the EU, which appear to be much less concerned with Turkey "cheating" the system and much more about relative-gain concerns with regards to this new addition. "EU Business" backs this assertion with forecasting high costs for European taxpayers when "EU Agriculture Commissioner Franz warned last month that Turkey's inclusion could cost 11.3 billion Euros a year in agricultural subsidies" and "EU regional development aid could reach 10 billion Euros a year.""

Tags:liberal, collective, theory, cooperation, power

Abstract
In this article, the writer maintains that the criminal justice system is very much like the human body in that it is a unit comprised of many complex internal systems that are greatly impacted and affected by both internal workings and external environments. The writer explains that the structuring and functioning of organizations within the criminal justice system must be understood as fluid and as interactive. A constant and powerful relationship exists between the many varied environmental factors and the internal conditions of each organization. The writer concludes that any attempts to mediate successful rendering of the design and implementation of strategies to accomplish the goals of both the parts of the system and the whole of the system must acknowledge this in order to be effective.

From the Paper
"The criminal justice system is comprised of many diverse, complex organizations that range greatly in size, purpose, resources, structure, scope, and measures of accountability. The specific attributes of each organization is mediated and developed by the force of both internal and external factors and influences. Among the factors influencing the organizational structure of agencies within the criminal justice system are the size and culture of the community the agency operates in, laws, lawsuits, unions, budgets, terrorism, access to technology and training, the effectiveness of leadership, the public's perception of the agency, the internal cohesion of the organization, and access to legitimate means to accomplish stated goals. This is by no means an exhaustive listing, rather a sampling of the various internal and external concerns that shape and mold the organization."

Tags:criminal justice organization, criminal justice constructs, corrections, police, public defenders, prosecution, immigration

Abstract
This paper notes that Canada is renowned for its enthusiastic attitude towards international trade and its involvement in organizations, such as the WTO, NAFTA and other regional trading blocs. The paper then explains that this attitude has been tempered recently, however, due to concerns over the validity of such free trade agreements. The author points out that, even though existing free trade agreements are insufficient because of issues of environmental corruption, favor towards U.S. domestic policies and an openness to legislative misinterpretation, in the growing environment of globalization, it is apparent that, for Canada, international trade is here to stay. The paper states that it is undeniable that the U.S. is a powerful ally for Canada and that a positive relationship must be maintained despite political, social and economic problems.

Table of Contents
Introduction
Canadian Enthusiasm for International Trade
Free Trade Agreements Seem Confusing - What are they All About?
Legislation Concerns: Doesn't NAFTA Benefit the U.S. more than Canada?
Should Canada-U.S. Trade Relations even be Encouraged?
What about Environmental Issues?
Conclusion

From the Paper
"However, NAFTA was initially embraced by the Canadians for a number of reasons. It gave a more comprehensive definition of investment than the Canada-U.S. FTA. Unlike this former agreement, it also applied to sub-national governments and municipalities on top of national governments. It was also much clearer on issues such as establishing a mechanism for the settlement of investment disputes, outlining procedures and time frames for claims, the process of appointing tribunal members and the issuing and enforcing of awards."

Tags:protectionism, ally, nafta, globalization, misinterpretation