Abstract The paper explores whether or not coalpower can ever become a sustainable technology. The paper defines sustainability and explains that although coalpower plants pollute the atmosphere, new technologies have made the idea of environmentally responsible coalpower plants a possibility. The paper concludes that the use of coal in hyper-efficient gasification plants seems to be a viable, sustainable option.
From the Paper "First we must articulate a conception of sustainability, a definition if you will. Conclusions about coal's sustainability will be largely arbitrary unless we establish from the outset a clear sense of what it means to be sustainable. This will provide the framework with which coal's potential to be a sustainable option can be evaluated. It is naive to think that sustainability is defined as an either-or proposition. Too often, definitions of sustainability imagine that a process, technology, or ideology is either sustainable or it is not."
Abstract This paper begins with a description of the appearance and composition of coal and then takes a look at the history of coal as an energy source. The paper also discusses the negative effects of using coal as an energy source, explains how coal is mined, looks at the use and mining of coal from an economic perspective and looks at the advantages of using coal as an energy source.
From the Paper "Man has always aimed to acquire a fuel source that would be beneficial for the community. One such fuel that man stumbled upon was coal. "Coal has been used for heating since the cave man" (A Brief History of Coal Use). There are two types of mining that take place in order to acquire coal. One is an underground mining and the other being an open-pit mining. Coal is a sedimentary rock that is black or brownish black in color. Primarily it is composed of carbon and has many other elements in it including sulfur. The formation of coal is also a highly interesting procedure and it is formed from the remains of the plants that have been chemically altered, hardened, compacted as well as metamorphosed by pressure and heat over geologic time. There are four types of coal depending on the length of time they have been exposed to the geological processes. The lowest quality of coal is 'Lignite' which is also at times referred to as brown coal. Its use is exclusively reserved as fuel for steam-electric power. A compact form of lignite which is polished is known as 'Jet' and its use since the Iron Age has been as an ornament. The next level up is the 'Sub-bituminous' coal and its properties range from lignite to bituminous coal. Its primary purpose is the same as that of lignite. 'Bituminous' is normally black in color and is a dense coal. Apart from being used as fuel in steam-electric power generation, it is also used for heat and power applications in order to make coke. The highest quality coal is 'Anthracite' and it is used primarily for space heating in residential as well as commercial uses."
Abstract This paper discusses the use of coal as a fuel. The paper reviews the properties of coal and the different mining methods. The paper also discusses the impact the use of coal has on the environment.
From the Paper "One way to lower down the carbon dioxide production of an energy plant is by making it more efficient, that is generating more energy with less fuel. A process called gasification converts coal to gas. This process is about 40 percent efficient as opposed to a steam driven coal plant with an efficiency of about 36 percent. However for the short run and maybe the long run as well, the most important new source of energy from the Rocky Mountain West will be coal. Earlier in the century small amounts of western coal were used to power steam locomotives. With the introduction of diesels after World War II, however, western coal production dropped off to very minimal levels. Then, in the early 1970s transportation of low-sulfur western coal to new coal-burning power plants in parts of the Midwest became economic. Because of environmental regulations, it had become cheaper to import western coal than to install the expensive scrubbers needed to clean high-sulfur eastern and mid-western coal. "
Abstract The following paper gives the reader a brief history of coal and its uses. It also analyzes the refining technique known as the Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle or IGCC as well as some history and new technologies associated with this fossil fuel.
From the Paper "Coal is a sedimentary organic rock that contains a lot of carbon, typically between 40 and 90 percent carbon by weight. Ancient plants and animals accumulating in moist peat bogs form coal. As plants die off in a wet area, they pile up into peat. It takes between 4,000 and 100,000 years for one meter of peat to accumulate. This process happens best in river deltas or coastal plains. Over time, further deposits compress these peat seams and the carbon content of the coal is concentrated. The older the coal gets, generally, the harder and blacker it gets. There are four "ranks" of coal. Listed from lowest to highest rank, they are: lignite, subbituminous, bituminous, and anthracite. Rank is determined by energy content and chemical composition. Lignite is the youngest form of coal and is soft and brown, not much different than dried peat. Lignite has a low energy content, typically about 13 million Btu per ton. The carbon content is low also, around 40 percent. Lignite is typically used only when higher grades of coal are not available or affordable. Subbituminous coal is common in the US. It has an energy content of about 18 million Btu per ton, and is used mostly in coal-fired power plants. Bituminous coal is the most widespread form in the US and is high in energy content, averaging 24 million Btu per ton. Bituminous and subbituminous account for most coal use in America. The hardest coal, anthracite, is found mostly in Pennsylvania, but most supplies of anthracite there have been exhausted. The energy content is high, around 23 million Btu per ton, but it tends to have a high sulfur content. It is more than 90 percent carbon. "
Suggests that the modern concept of power in today's organizations has been transformed from a traditional superior-subordinate relationship to one that is more loose and informal.
Abstract This paper examines how the modern concept of power in organizations has changed the role of the manager and the role of employees. The paper goes on to suggest that in today's workplace, a manager is no longer one who exercises absolute authority. The manager's role is now that of a facilitator and catalyst. As a result of this change in the concept of power, the controlling function of leadership has evolved. Today's employees enjoy a greater degree of control and power that was unheard of ten years ago.
From the Paper "In today's society, human beings are exposed to and strongly influenced by many types of power. As a result of globalization and innovative technology, managers and employees alike are seeing rapid changes in their workplaces. The changes affect millions of people personally, as they have to deal with company downsizing and learning new skills."
Abstract The paper reviews the modern concept of the power center. This paper defines the power center as "...those shopping centres that are designed or renovated specifically to attract big box tenants". This assignment examines a specific power center to explore their use of space and retail strategies. The power center this paper reviews is the Erin Mills Power Center located in the City of Mississauga. It is bordered by Highway 403 on the west so that the power center can be easily accessed by car by people from other cities.
Abstract In Sophocles's "Antigone" and William Shakespeare's "The Tempest", two very different, yet similar, displays of power on the parts of Creon and Prospero are the basis of the plots of their respective stories. This paper explains how both Creon and Prospero use their power relations to impose their own ideals on the societies in which they live. Creon uses his power on the throne to impose his own laws and beliefs on the people, while Prospero uses his supernatural powers, ultimately, for the good of his community, as well as personal gain. It explains that these examples of power relations, as shown by Sophocles and Shakespeare, serve the purpose of demonstrating to the readers that authority figures and government are capable of imposing whatever they wish on the people, in some cases causing unnecessary grief for many.
From the Paper "Traditionally, authority figures tend to flaunt their power in search of personal gain and intimidation. In The Tempest, Prospero uses his magical powers to employ the use of a servant and a spirit to assist him in his personal chores and to keep the island running smoothly. In Antigone, Creon uses his royal power, more or less, to his personal advantage, with no obvious benefit to society. Prospero's supernatural abilities are made evident when Miranda accuses him, ?by your art thy dearest father, you have / put the wild waters in this roar.?(Shakespeare, I. ii. 1-2). In light of this, one may be led to believe that Prospero is trying to hurt those on the ship who have hurt him in the past but, in fact, Prospero only creates this storm out of love for his daughter who is in search of a mate, and Ferdinand, who is on board the ship seems to be a logical candidate. Prospero ensures that no one is harmed by the storm by sending his spirit, Aerial, to keep watch over the ship."
Tags: authoritative, ferdinand, grief, law, moral, power
Abstract The paper discusses the two alternatives of nuclear power and hybrid cars; both being economical enough to impact real change and be accepted into the energy spectrum. However, nuclear power has far more impact and has a proven track record. For example, the paper explains how nuclear power currently accounts for 20% of America's energy production and produces no carbon-dioxide. Hybrid cars, to this point, have only been able to reduce CO2 emissions by 50% and improve gas mileage by 2-3 mpg. This type of effect is simply on too small a scale to be economically viable or have an impact on the environment. The paper concludes that nuclear power, which is reemerging as a power source ready to expand, is the more viable option to reduce CO2 emissions.
From the Paper "For years alternative energy sources have been a major controversy. The debate has influenced many other areas besides simply energy consumption. It has clearly impacted the economic, political, and social climates of countries around the world. Nuclear power and hybrid cars are two alternatives that have been economical enough to impact real change and be accepted into our energy spectrum. Both of these alternatives are environmentally conscious and are helping to reduce carbon-dioxide levels in the atmosphere; however, clearly one is of greater use in the fight against CO2. Nuclear power has and will continue to be the major clean fuel source in the US, despite the positive impact of hybrid automobiles."
Abstract The paper discusses how the complex variables of oligarchic settings in this play reveal the constant flux of power that exchanges hands within this family. In many ways, power is a relative abstraction that goes beyond title or other means of status that exists within the many lovers in this comedy. The paper shows how the often hilarious setting makes a buffoonery of nobility and its supposed power in society, marking a trend toward love as the real power center in regards to usurping power over one another.
From the Paper "This drama study will analyze the setting and theme for the usurpation of power in "A Midsummer Nights Dream" by William Shakespeare. The key thematic connection of the usurpation of kingly power is a central focus in Shakespeare's characters in this play. By integrating the theme of love in this analysis, one can realize the trickery and guises through romance that instigate plot tension within these works by William Shakespeare. In essence, the setting and theme of Shakespeare's play reveals the revolving door of leadership in the usurpation of power in "A Midsummer Nights Dream." The usurpation of power in the play "A Midsummer Nights Dream" is a patriarchal issue that relates to Egeus and his daughter Hermia."
Abstract The paper explains that political anthropology concerns itself with the distribution of power in a variety of social contexts. The paper discusses how power from this perspective is not viewed only in terms of Big Men or authority figures, but also how power is manifested in domestic politics or its distribution and use within families' kin networks and communities. In this essay, the writer compares and contrasts the manifestation of power within the Aliyah Center in Barbara Myerhoff's "Number Our Days" and the distribution and use of power in my sorority.
Looks at the theme of "invisible power" or the creation of power through fear, force and humiliation, in a novel about a Catholic high school in the 1960's.
650 words (approx. 2.6 pages), 1 source, 2002, $ 26.95
Abstract This essay describes the use of fear, humiliation, and physical force to create power structures out of thin air and people's assumptions - the "invisible power" of the title. The novel, about a Catholic boys' high school in the 1960s, treats these themes with astonishing frankness, and allows us to see the creation of power and advantage by people who use others' fears and weaknesses to build up their own status and influence.
Abstract This paper compares the works of Claude McKay (specifically "Harlem Dancer," "Black Belt Slummers," and "Harlem") and Langston Hughes ("Death In Harlem" and "Harlem Jazz Club"). It views them next to the more concretely illustrated depiction of the "Club" in James Weldon Johnson's "The Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man". By doing so, we understand the power structure of the Harlem Nightclub and the struggle of the African American residents within them, against members of the opposite sex and opposite race, which many used to gain power as a tool of survival.
I. Introduction
II. Portrayal of the Nightclub in James Weldon Johnson's "Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man"
III. Langston Hughes's "Death in Harlem" (Primarily Power Struggles between Gender)
IV. Claude McKay's "Harlem Dancer"
V. Claude McKay's "Black Belt Slummers" (Primarily Power Play Between Races)
VI. Langston Hughes's "Harlem Night Club"
VII. Claude McKay's "Harlem"
VIII. Conclusion
From the Paper "The next class of people the narrator describes are three sets of slummers-the sight-seerers, the black face actors, and the female patrons--or whites who come to the club to awe over the spectacle of African American culture and society. In terms of the power structure of the "Club" the female patrons are the most interesting as they pay for the clothes, diamonds, and drinks of their black companions a sight that unsettles the narrator. The narrator's inability to accept the prosperity of the black man in this situation is based on the fact that the money and social status emasculate the man and make him into an animal, a "social phenomena," rather than a person (Johnson, 79). "
This in-depth paper defines and analyzes the effects of power during the modern and postmodern eras, while focusing on the views and opinions of sociologist Max Weber and philosopher Michel Foucault.
Abstract This well-researched paper examines the post-modern shift in sociology and culture that has evolved, due to the effects of modern thought. This paper defines the term power, as perceived by sociologist Max Weber during the modern era, while Michel Foucault's philosophical views and opinions relate to the postmodern era. According to Weber, modernity was a particular set of ideas and modes of thought that, like any other set of facts, possessed a history. This paper discusses Weber's research and writings which cited that human society was as scientific as any other aspect of the natural world. The writer of this paper contends and explains how and why Weber viewed power as a triumphant rationalism and that all of existence could be reduced to theory and experiment. The writer also details the views and opinions of Foucault, who contends that everything in the universe is relative. This paper examines Foucault's ideas, which relate primarily to his definition of power as "the possession of dominion over others." According to Foucault, in the postmodern era, money is the primary source of power.
From the Paper "If you receive deference, you are more powerful than the individual who gives you that deference. It all sounds so simple and straightforward. Max Weber's definition of power as a matter of relative prestige is the Modernist Definition of Power... right? Yes, "right" if the author of this composition is solely responsible for defining a Modernist definition of anything versus a Postmodernist definition of the same thing. Obviously, the problem is not to so clear cut, nor so easily resolved. The terms "Modern" and "Postmodern" are as much relative distinctions as those found to exist between the words "short" and "tall." At bare minimum, a working definition of the terms "modern," and "Postmodern" would probably hinge on the most common, generally, and widely accepted meanings of the two terms - but not necessarily.
However, much as Rene Descartes proclaimed, "I think therefore I am," we too shall attempt a specific definition of our two terms of comparison."
Tags: philosophy, view, opinion, power, money, theory
Abstract This paper reviews the doctrinal development of war powers held by the President as Chief Executive. The author examines legislative war powers enactments, executive war powers initiatives and judiciary war powers-related decisions. The paper focuses on Supreme Court decisions.
From the Paper "The Constitution of the United States makes the president Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces but does not give to this chief executive unlimited authority to declare war."
Abstract This paper examines the hazardous situation of the nuclear power system in the former Soviet Union, focusing on Russia and its determination to pursue nuclear power as an energy source. The paper discusses nuclear power development plans in Russia and provides statistics on nuclear power facilities.
From the Paper "This report examines the situation of the nuclear power system in the former Soviet Union focusing on Russia, in which government remains determined to pursue development of needed energy sources via nuclear power plant construction. However, the literature reveals that prior to the collapse of the former Soviet Union the region's operating nuclear power plant facilities were largely unsafe, poorly maintained and operated unprofessionally. Poor waste disposal, dumping of wastes on open land and numerous accidents or other hazardous incidents..."
