Abstract
This paper discusses the poverty in the People's Republic of China (PRC) and its implications. The paper particularly focuses on urban poverty compared to rural poverty and the general feeling among the people in PRC regarding the two. It then looks at the political repercussions of the poverty in the PRC and the repression of dissent with regards to the poor.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Two Principal Opinions
Timeless, Ominous Signs
Urban Poverty
'Poverty Eradication' in the PRC
Political Repercussions of Poverty
Repression of Dissent and the Poor
Concluding Remarks

From the Paper
"Dissent is alive and well in the contemporary PRC, much done to break up public displays of dissent, in very old methods of deterrence rooted in policing, courts and the prison system, presented to the literate public as ensuring safety when, in fact, assuring regime safety. Chinese to benefit from liberalization are rarely inclined to question what is occurring in the countryside, content to see the urban poor kept at bay. Many might regard the situation differently, as observed by foreign journalists, certainly, if able to recognize the potential threat of millions alienated completely from the economically advanced society, some able to draw parallels between the present and centuries of other Chinese misrule to perpetuate such disparities. As the topic of Chinese poverty indicates, democratization is not likely, any day soon, in the People's Republic of China. Indeed, policies and approaches of the state have systematically pushed millions of citizens beyond the existing political system, far from the ideals of inclusion and participation that might suggest a possible shift towards democratic institutions."

Tags:dissent, democratization, development, rural

Abstract
This paper refers to the rather negative predictions of Maurice Meisner (1999) and Minxin Pei (2006) concerning early 21st century development in the People's Republic of China (PRC) to reflect the actual results of a high-growth capitalism pursued by a still repressive state socialist regime. The author concludes with the statement that both Meisner and Pei seem justified in their discouraging assessments of the future.

Outline:
Introduction
Maurice Meisner on Social Values
Minxin Pei on Corruption
Consumerism and Decadence
Chinese Ideology, Social Values and Poverty
Wanderers and Vagabonds
Concluding Discussion

From the Paper
"When discussing capitalism, socialism and democracy, Meisner points out that the great majority of Chinese have benefited from post-Reform capitalism in better incomes, housing and spending power but this has been done at a price of terrific environmental destruction, bureaucratic corruption and indeed, peasant riots that occurred in different parts of the PRC through the 1990s. (Mao's China 532-533) There has been a rise in everyday crime including organized crime that has increased in both urban and rural areas. In 1997, the PRC executed 3000 convicts, more than the rest of the world's executions combined. (Mao's China 533) In the 1950s, the regime had worked to eradicate drug addiction and trafficking, prostitution, gambling and the activities of organized crime. Daniel Lynch commented on what he calls 'thought work' on the part of the CCP in 1980s campaigns against 'spiritual pollution' and a 1987 campaign against 'bourgeois liberalization', later crackdowns on book marketing, anti-pornography drives, and all towards a summary given by Lynch that in the 1990s this sort of effort had largely failed. (1999) Like Meisner and Pei Lynch rather expected a rise in the resentment of the dispossessed that might begin using Internet media to organize protest activities. (1999)"

Tags:capitalism, consumerism, repression, democracy

Abstract
This paper challenges the popular outlook of a strong economy in China, stating that poverty exists in rural areas. The paper continues by considering the implications of poverty for China as it faces democratic reform.

From the Paper
"High growth and a seemingly Western consumer culture in the People's Republic of China (PRC) causes some observers to expect eventual political liberalization, but this prediction ignores the reality of millions of Chinese who live in abject poverty who gain nothing from the last decades' economic take-off, as a chronic problem that Beijing tends to view as one of security more than the need for a systemic correction. Capitalist growth-oriented development in the PRC has the price of leaving a segment `behind' in a broad sector that the centre will see as more of a problem..."

Tags:prc, poverty, politics

Abstract
The paper discusses how as the People's Republic of China hosts the Games of the 2008 Olympiad, considerable attention has been focused upon the issue of government control of the media - not only newspapers and conventional broadcast media, but also new Internet-based technologies - in China today. Building upon an earlier critical review of a scholarly article on this topic, this paper explores and problematizes some of the issues and approaches in this debate. The thesis is argued that while the scholarly analyses of contemporary Chinese media, and the efforts of the Chinese state and Communist Party to control it, are comprehensive and detailed, they lack an appreciation for the maturity of the Chinese media universe today. In this regard, the paper argues that while the exclusive China-focus of these studies is good, this methodology may be successfully complemented by a comparative methodology that assesses China media control in comparison and contrast to the mature media of Western societies. From this perspective, it is seen that the Chinese state has learned important lessons from the West with respect to the need for subtlety - particularly in exploiting complex state-corporate/public-private relationships - in effectively controlling the media and media content of 21st century China.

From the Paper
"As the People's Republic of China hosts the Games of the 2008 Olympiad, considerable attention has been focused upon the issue of government control of the media - not only newspapers and conventional broadcast media, but also new Internet-based technologies - in China today. Building upon an earlier critical review of a scholarly article on this topic, this essay will explore and problematize some of the issues and approaches in this debate. The thesis will be argued that while the scholarly analyses..."

Tags:media, power, china

Abstract
This paper discusses the reform era in the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the resulting disparity and inequality that has occurred. It specifically discusses the socioeconomic disparity rooted in the varied ability of people to take up capitalist activities. It also looks at the regional disparity in the PRC, owing to past patterns of economic activity, location and acumen.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Acumen, Consumption and Class
Regional Disparities and the Future
Concluding Discussion

From the Paper
"New wealth, foreign investment, and strong export markets are achievements but some timeless problems of old China are not being solved and may grow worse in the future. Scholars of disparity describe its growth in class and regional terms, in a civilization that has often known very large class differences and regional identities. The CCP "empire" may yet break down, its myths of citizen equality and building a new China not working any more. The militarization of the PRC since the 1990s has caused some foreign alarm in a state project that engages millions of ordinary Chinese, directly or indirectly, but where will this lead, and what about guarantees for the poor that the CCP once offered? Why are people from the north-west on the move, forming camps in the capital? Why do Mongols and others trade beyond the PRC border, ignoring what the centre wants? Need the conditions of workers be so rough, despite recent efforts to clean up industrial pollution? These are questions that all involve aspects of disparity in the present PRC and also, point to realities that are extremely old, depending on how one sees China. It seems wiser to remember a China of many centuries' patterns, rather than an economic boom of less than 30 years' standing."

Tags:PRC, provincial, foreign, investment, empire

Abstract
This paper describes two government media releases of the People's Republic of China in September and October of 1960, respectively, the first on the nobility and success of collective agriculture, and the second on the Party's decision to pay farm workers in advance for their noble toil. The writer makes a note on the role of propaganda in China, through time, as a set of methods naturally adapted by Communists. The writer presents an exploration of what was really happening behind the scenes in none other than a famine in which millions were dying in more than 20 provinces.

Tags:1960, famine

Abstract
This paper reviews problems confronting American corporations desiring to participate in the economy of the People's Republic of China (PRC). The paper discusses operational considerations affected by international law, political imperatives and economic regulations. It explores governmental bureaucracy in China.

From the Paper
"This report summarizes operational considerations affected by international law political imperatives and economic regulations that confront a corporation based in the United States that ..."

Tags:International, business, law, Market, entry, Form, of, business, organization

Abstract
This paper examines the importance of irredentism in explaining the behavior of reactive nationalist systems, both in the past and in the future, and analyzes the irredentist tendencies of the planet's newest emerging power, the People's Republic of China.

From the Paper
"According to A. James Gregor, "reactive nationalism is more frequently associated with economic, and particularly industrial, retardation[.]" However, he goes on to write that "there are clearly anomalous instances when some forms are found in communities that are reasonably well-developed economically and industrially, but which, for whatever reasons suffer a persistent and singular sense of humiliation and corresponding resentment." Gregor cites Nazi Germany as one example, and says post-Soviet Russia might be another."

Tags:irredentism, nationalistic, adolph, hitler