Abstract
The paper discusses how women throughout Chinese history have experienced the oppression their tradition and culture exert as well as the power only members of their sex can attain in their chosen domains. It shows that although readers have been exposed to historical anecdotes relating foot binding and Man's superiority to women, there are also many stories relating their freedom and tenacity, whether they are wives, concubines, courtesans or prostitutes. The paper discusses how the history of Chinese women is not necessarily limited to persecution and being dominated, it is also peppered with inspirational stories of women who have been able to find happiness, success and fulfillment within the parameters Chinese tradition and culture dictate.

From the Paper
"The girl split from her first family with the understanding that she was never going back to them nor even allowed to communicate with them unless she had the permission of the man. On the surface the procedure is very much like a father marrying off his daughter, making the same arrangements as if it was a legal marriage. However there were a few things that distinguished the wife's status over that of the concubine. Legally, a Chinese man can only have one wife but could possess innumerable concubines. So the status of wife was more special than that of the concubines. Wives were also allocated property upon their marriage while concubines were not. Concubines did not have dowries and their first family did not receive any presents from the man upon losing their daughter."

Tags:Confucian, polygamy, courtesan, neiwu, fu

Abstract
The paper to come will discuss how the position of women changed in the late-imperial period of Chinese history. The paper will discuss the emergence of Chinese female writers in the late-imperial period; the significance of the hong lou meng as a seminal work that revealed a distinctly feminine sensibility; the significance of Dream of the Red Chamber as a metaphor for feminine repression (and maybe feminine resistance to that repression); and the exploits of note-worthy writers such as Wang Duanshu and Wang Duan.

From the Paper
The Changing Position of women in late-imperial China The paper to come will discuss how the position of women changed in the late-imperial period of Chinese history. The paper will discuss the emergence of Chinese female writers in the late-imperial period; the significance of the hong lou meng as a seminal work that revealed a distinctly feminine sensibility; the significance of Dream of the Red Chamber as a metaphor for feminine repression (and maybe feminine resistance to that repression); and the exploits of note-worthy writers such as Wang Duanshu and Wang Duan. From there, the essay will explore the economic and educational status of women and ponder how, in some ways,

Tags:changing, position, women

Abstract
The paper asserts that the role of women in Japan and China has undergone a significant change due to the profound influence of Western culture in these Asian countries. This paper examines the history of the social status of both Japanese and Chinese women, and how that status has changed and evolved over the years as the West has imposed its values on both countries citizens. The writer argues that Japanese and Chinese women have experienced both positive and negative outcomes in social equality due to the impact of Western culture.

From the Paper
"The role of women in Japan and China has undergone a significant change due to the profound influence of Western culture in these Asian countries."

Tags:japan, china, equality

Abstract
This paper first relates that, for thousands of years, although the Chinese Empire set a standard of civilization and innovation that few others cultures have matched, there has always been a struggle between the politics of Empire and the cultural aspects of its people. The paper then examines the language, literature, philosophy, law, religions, inventions, science and ancient political history of China to underscore the diversity of its cultures and clans. The paper concludes that Chinese culture survived despite the Empire and its various rulers, who recognized the average Chinese only as a human tool to be used for their own needs.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
The Interaction of Various Cultures In China
Literature and Literature/Philosophy
The Law
Religion- Emperors as Divinities
Philosophers versus the Court
Daoist Alternatives
Anarchists
Qin, The 'Anti-Historian
The Failure of Reformers
The Tiers of Society
So Many Diverse Cultures and Clans in China
Inventions and Science
Is There an Antagonistic Position of Culture vs. Empire?

From the Paper
"Considered by many China historians, the name Mencius is second only to Confucius. He did something no philosopher in China had emphasized. He preferred a state of monarchy to the thought of democracy, or "power to the people." Of course, the culture of China in those days was one of reverence by the peasants to the nobility, and the payment of gifts by the nobility to the Emperor to remain nobility. More over, Mencius and his followers infuriated the Emperor because they were avowed pacifists."

Tags:feudalism language women confucius, civil service

Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the role of women in Japan and China has undergone a significant change due to the profound influence of Western culture in these Asian countries. This paper examines the history of the social status of both Japanese and Chinese women, and looks at how that status has changed and evolved over the years as the West has imposed its values on both countries' citizens. The writer argues that Japanese and Chinese women have experienced both positive and negative outcomes in social equality due to the impact of Western civilization on these two Eastern powers, however, the positives far outweigh the negatives.

Outline:
Introduction
Japanese Women prior to World War II
Post World War II Japanese Women
Chinese women and their status after the influence of Western culture
The Social Equality of Japanese and Chinese Women
Negative social outcomes due to Western influence
Japan
China
Refuting the Negative Social Outcomes Due to Western Influence
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Overall, women in Japan and China today experience much more social equality than their mothers and grandmothers ever did. Each great Eastern power was under the influence of Confucius and the old customs that made women subservient to their husbands, and even to their eldest sons.
"Since Western standards of gender equality have encroached the East, women in both Japan and China have had a much greater opportunity for education. This is evident in the sharply increased female enrollment at the university level in both powers."
"The glass ceiling for women not only exists for women in Japan and China, but also is still an issue in the United States. Nonetheless, there are increased opportunities within the work place due to higher academic achievement among Japanese and Chinese women. Women are now in government offices in both powers and greater opportunities will no doubt abound in time."

Tags:marriage, couple, family, Confucianism

Abstract
This paper addresses gender equity based on a student's questionnaire answered by five Canadian-Chinese young women concerning education, income expectations, occupational choices and the glass ceiling. The paper makes reference to other works on Canadian-Chinese culture and remarks on what is presumed of "Asian" women and gender inequality in contrast with high expectation of female education/working/professional lives. The paper shows how all women viewed themselves as Canadians with choices, with different kinds of working lives important to them.

From the Paper
"Chinese tradition can be stereotyped as repressing women in relation to men, girls assumed to be raised to take on household and family duties, as compared to over-valued boys, in a set of assumptions that can be annoying if one knows parts of the Canadian Chinese community. This paper refers to 5 young women of Chinese heritage in the central Canadian city of Toronto or outlying areas who were born in Canada or arrived in childhood. An interesting feature of what was reported was the relative absence of minority sentiment despite much literature on disadvantages faced by..."

Tags:questionnaire, cdn chinese f, findings

Abstract
This paper is a formal proposal for study employing a past pilot paper on Canadian-Chinese young women and matters of occupational choices and expectations and perceptions of equality. The paper points to theoretical biases in literature on employment equity as well as Asian culture stereotyped as restricting women. The paper also discusses the reality of a respected Canadian-Chinese community of self-development over time whose members often do not feel they belong to a minority group.

From the Paper
"Chinese tradition can be stereotyped as repressing women in relation to men with girls raised to assume household and family duties as compared to over-valued boys, a set of notions that is annoying for those knowing the Canadian Chinese community. The proposed study is based in earlier work addressing 5 young women of Chinese heritage in Toronto who were born in Canada or arrived in childhood who reported a relative absence of minority sentiment despite much literature on disadvantages faced by..."

Tags:cdn chinese w, equality, perceptions

Abstract
The focus of this paper is the roles of women during the Han period. More specifically, the marriage relationship, and women's roles within this union will take precedence in this paper.

Tags:women, han, dynasty

Abstract
This paper takes a critical look at Sky Lee's novel "Disappearing Moon Cafe", which chronicles the corrupted history of the Wong family and the deconstruction of traditional kinship formations. The paper posits that, in the novel, both young and old generations construct alternative definitions of "family" outside the confines of the conventional family structure comprised of mother, father, and children. These alternative structures deviate from the norm by involving individuals from different racial, social, and genealogical backgrounds, disrupting the homogeneous ideals that certain female family members would like to preserve. The paper also asserts that the story is about women who dominate Chinese family life and the influence they hold over the men. The paper concludes that, although there is a collapse of one family structure, many other diverse kinship unions emerge in its place and ensure the survival of a rich and varied Chinese-Canadian narrative.

From the Paper
"For all intents and purposes, Disappearing Moon Cafe is a story about the women who dominate Chinese family life and the influence they hold over the men's biographies. We get two conflicting messages - one that women are defined by their marriages and are mere "unidentified receptacles" (Lee 42), and one that empowers the women as "powerful...bone-crushing 'Iron Chink' machines" (Lee 227). It is therefore interesting that the beginning and the end of the novel is framed by the narrative of Wong Gwei Chang, the family patriarch."

Tags:Chinese, family, tradition, fiction

Abstract
This essay will argue that her struggles to dominate the empire, first with her husband and later in her own right, not only became an example for later empresses who dominated dynasties but - perhaps more importantly - challenges any simplistic view of the subordinate position of women in Chinese history. Across the centuries she appears to us as a powerful and significant historical figure in her own right, whose actions played an important role in determining the history of the early Han empire.