Abstract
This paper studies the connection between agriculturally-based land pollution, such as from herbicides and pesticides, and contaminated water. The paper presents research studies and statistics that indicate that this is the most significant and damaging source of water pollution. The paper also looks at the impact of water diversion through damning for irrigation projects. The paper concludes by discussing the international ramifications of land-based water pollution.

From the Paper
"Rachel Carson, in her landmark book "Silent Spring" was the first to discover the pollution and contamination of land as well as water by insecticides. These chemicals are absorbed in the earth, and then run off into water- lakes or rivers and streams, and eventually into the oceans. The most recent catastrophe on Chesapeake Bay which contaminated almost the entire shrimp and scallop crop was presumed to have been caused by a chemical spill which began a "fouling" process that was like a fatal domino effect. From the pristine water, of the Bay it then ran off into nearby farmland, not only damaging crops, but also polluting one of the largest poultry producing areas in the country."

Tags:environment, farming, damn, river, drinking, water, diversion, pesticides, insecticides, herbicides, crops

Abstract
The paper shows that 220 million people pay a visit every year to the Mediterranean coastline and this is taking its toll on the environment of the area by contributing waste, marine pollution from domestic sewage, water shortages, and land degradation. The paper explores the different steps being taken to rectify the problem, such as UNEP's Mediterranean Action Plan.

From the Paper
"Hotels, resorts, restaurants and other public facilities also may intoxicate the water and the living organisms by discharging untreated sewage to the sea. According to European Environment Agency, "about 60% of urban waste disposed in the Mediterranean Sea is still untreated." This toxic waste not only contaminates the water and deteriorates the organisms' habitat but also dropping the water quality that perhaps would be unsafe to swim or surf in, in the future if no such adequate actions are taken."

Tags:European, Environment, Agency, biodiversity, fuel, oil, pollution, United, Nations, Environment, Programme

Abstract
This paper looks at how the colonizing forces of North America, specifically the US government has continually been in conflict with the native peoples for the last four hundred years, focusing on land rights and usage. Issues discussed are relocation to polluted and toxic land, mining on native lands and re-appropriation of reservations for resources.

From the Paper
"One of the major issues, and there are many, facing Native American Indians today is that of land usage and availability in many parts of the US. From the first contact with colonial explorers and settlers, the native peoples of the Americas have been fighting a losing battle with the white forces of power. What seems to be a simple negotiation of land and space is actually a complex series of issues that ultimately decide who has a right to live and in what way. These issues are in no way limited to European colonialism of the Americas, but for this paper, the writer focuses on the problems inherent in land rights in what is now the United States."

Tags:native, land, government

Abstract
The paper discusses the fact that polluting of water, regardless of the source whether from industry, agriculture or household, ultimately finds its way into the environment, causing substantial damage to health and to the environment. The paper relates that air pollution is responsible for premature deaths and includes pollution from road transport, industrial sources, forest and agricultural fires.

Outline:
Effects of Air and Water Pollution and Its Relation to Environmental Laws
Climate Change
Environmental and Emission Laws
Future Trends of Air and Water Pollution
Analysis of Future Trends

From the Paper
"Figures of WHO reveals that air pollution is responsible for 8,00,000 premature deaths from lung cancer, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases apart from the rising incidence of chronic bronchitis, severe respiratory illness, asthma, heart ailment and damage of lung function. The bulk of this pollution includes road transport, stationary combustion sources such as coal burning in households, industrial sources, incinerators and waste disposals, fossil fuels power plants and also non-combustion sources such as construction, quarrying and mining and lot of other sources such as forest and agricultural fires. The principal pollutants seen in the air we breathe covers particulate matter, PAHs, lead, ground level ozone, heavy metals, sulphur dioxide, benzene, carbon monoxide and nitrogen dioxides."

Tags:air, water, pollution, environment

Abstract
The paper relates that water pollution is generally defined as the loss of actual or potentially beneficial usage of water because of negative changes to its purity due to human activity. The paper explains that from a scientific perspective, water pollution is caused by major activity such as the dumping of industrial waste into oceans, lakes, and rivers, but also by smaller scale activity on the part of irresponsible citizens. The paper discusses how scientists have measured the environmental impact of pollution for decades, and have issued report after report documenting the alarming deterioration of our lakes and rivers.

From the Paper
"Water pollution is generally defined as the loss of actual or potentially beneficial usage of water because of negative changes to its purity due to human activity. From a scientific perspective, water pollution is caused by major activity such as the dumping of industrial waste into oceans, lakes, and rivers, but also by smaller scale activity on the part of irresponsible citizens. Scientists have measured the environmental impact of pollution for decades, and have issued report after report documenting the alarming deterioration of our lakes and rivers."

Tags:water, pollution, essay

Abstract
The paper reveals that the link between water pollution and cancer has been evident since the 1960s ("Camp", 2007, sec. 2). Yet, the paper discusses how most individuals within the public have not become extensively aware of this link until the last few decades. The paper explains that this is most likely due to the fact that water pollution has been allowed to become widespread due to the use of waterways by industries that dump their pollutants and/or chemicals in order to progress their industry, leaving the common man ignorant to the effects that such dumping has on many within the population.

Tags:water, pollution, cancer

Abstract
This paper discusses the issue of land degradation in the Arab region over the past 70 years. This paper reviews the various reasons and causes of this land degradation, focusing on the increase in population who require water for human consumption and agriculture, land for agriculture and land for their livestock.

From the Paper
"Land degradation in the Arab region is primarily the result of a surge in the population growth in the past several decades. As the population had increased within the Arab region the need for water for human consumption, grazing land, and agriculture has risen. In an area that was already dry and naturally scarce in water supplies this added requirement for water has led to severe issues concerning the natural water sources and their ability to sustain the Arab civilization over time. Furthermore, cultivation of marginal land, as well as deforestation has created a situation in which natural trees and foliage have been depleted from the land surface, adding to the landmasses that are dry. As these dry land masses, or deserts are increased in the Arab lands the water is absorbed into the ground and the loss of foliage eventually leads to a loss of water."

Tags:land, arab, region

Abstract
This paper analyzes the effects of water on human health. The author states that not only does water helps with weight loss and prevents headaches, it is essential to staying healthy as water regulates body temperature and removes toxins and wastes. The paper describes the effects of dehydration which in severe cases involve hallucinations and strokes. At the same time, the author also warns of over-hydration and offers some suggestions on how to test drinking water for pollutants and other water-associated diseases.

From the Paper
"The human body is composed of 50-80% water. Blood and muscles contain significant amounts, and approximately 95% of the brain is water. All body systems and organs need water to function properly, and will shut down without it. Most of the chemical reactions that take place in our body need water as their medium. Water is vital to life. We can live without food for a few weeks, but can survive only several days without water. It's essential because unlike other nutrients, water isn't stored in the body. Typically, everyday, we lose around 10 cups of water, just living; urinating, perspiring and breathing."

Tags:dehydration over-hydration thirst, water contaminants, water-borne diseases

Abstract
This paper reviews and discusses the book, 'The Land of Little Rain' by Mary Austin. According to the paper, Austin's book is an observer's unique tale of deserts, plains and mountains in California. The paper further discusses how the author talks about the Country of Lost Borders and Ute, Paiute, Mojave, and Shoshone that lie on its frontiers.

From the Paper
"Some of the lines are indeed useful and informative. If I am a reader who is actually interested in visiting the place myself, then the chapter includes bits of wisdom and information that I might find highly useful. When the author explains why deaths are common in this place, she writes about illusions that desert creates and the effect it has on a thirsty traveler. Austin observes: "There are many areas in the desert where drinkable water lies within a few feet of the surface, indicated by the mesquite and the bunch grass (Sporobolus airoides). It is this nearness of unimagined help that makes the tragedy of desert deaths....To underestimate one's thirst, to pass a given landmark to the right or left, to find a dry spring where one looked for running water--there is no help for any of these things." This is a vital piece of information and might help an aspiring traveler in his desire to come back from the place unscathed."

Tags:deserts, plains, mountains, lifelessness, death, water, California

Abstract
This paper looks at every aspect of the oil industry in the Persian Gulf, using United Arab Emirates (UAE) as the specific case study to examine the affects of oil production and its transportation on the environment in the UAE.

The Table of Contents:
Introduction
Nature of Drilling in the United Arab Emirates
The Political and Social Organization of the United Arab Emirates
History of the UAE as a Nation-State
The Geography of the Persian Gulf as a Whole
Temperature, Climate, and Topography of the Land
The Ecological History of the Persian Gulf
Pollution Related to Oil Production and Transportation
Strategies for Improvement
Steps Being Taken
Steps to Take
Conclusions

From the Paper
"This does not mean that accidents are not of any concern of the UAE. There is a recognition significant future potential for oil-related accidents. The danger from oil spills is a worldwide problem and the Gulf presents a uniquely challenging environmental situation. There is a high level of traffic through the waters of the UAE by oil tankers and other shipping rigs. Since the Gulf War of 1991, the waters of the UAE have suffered from a number of significant oil spills within the country's recent historical, collective memory. Most of these spills were accidental but the intentional release of Kuwaiti oil by the Iraqis at the end of the War raised serious concerns within the borders of the UAE as to the potential for spilling oil as a war-related tactic. This act gained the attention of all of the Gulf States, convincing them that they should take immediate steps to prevent damage from oil spills in the future. In this case, the political instability of the region acted as a "wake up" call to all of the Gulf nations. (Zeitoun and Goudsouzian, 2001: 150) The most recent spill occurred when an Iraqi tanker called the Zainab, a container ship smuggling Iraqi crude, sank in April of 2001. It was carrying over one million gallons of Iraqi fuel and 300 tons of fuel oil when it sank off the port of Jebel Ali, south of Dubai. (Zeitoun and Goudsouzian, 2001: 150) The spill spread oil along the Sharjah, Dubai, and Ajam coast. Beaches were fouled, and local Ajmani authorities closed the emirate's main desalination water plant as a precaution against pollution. This caused significant water shortages. (Zeitoun and Goudsouzian, 2001: 150; "Gulf Tanker Spill Under Control": MSNBC.COM)"

Tags:petroleum, economic, government, drilling, offshore, political, organization, islam, urban, british, americans, exploration, oil, foreign, oman, dubai, wildlife, legislation, land, preservation, arabian, structure, water, topography, climate, geography, history, economy, tankers, uni