Abstract
The essay is a systematic synthesis of the literature on economic history and political science that explains the East Asian miracle. It argues that state intervention has been a fundamental tenet of the great transformation of societies and economies in the East and Southeast Asian countries. The paper takes several case studies in East and Southeast Asia in comparative perspective to show the similarities and differences of the development experiences in the region.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Context Setting: Asia Pacific in Global and Regional Perspectives
The East Asian Miracle in Theoretical Perspectives: Market-friendly and Developmental State Explanations
Relevant Themes on the East Asian Economic Miracle: Agricultural transformations in East Asia and the role of industrial policy in Asia Pacific
Agricultural Transformation in East Asian Countries
The State and Industrial Policy: Comparing East and Southeast Asia
Conclusions
Appendix

From the Paper
"The Asia Pacific has been the most dynamic region in the world with countries sustaining growth rates from 3 - 7% for decades, reducing absolute and relative poverty, and undergoing structural changes in demographic, economic and political terms. While area specialists do not claim a single model to be followed by the developing world, it is worthy to study the common conditions, policy choices, and challenges that these countries have faced. The East Asian Miracle indeed challenges scholars and policy makers to think beyond the standard Western model of development based on blind liberalization, deregulation, and privatization. Bearing in mind the nuances and commonalities across the region, there are lessons to be drawn if only to better understand the trajectory the region is currently taking."

Tags:agricultural, industrialization, policy

Abstract
This paper argues that the most significant conflict in recent times over a major ideal was the Korean War. It suggests that the ideology of communism versus democracy was responsible for the rise of the developmental state and the economic Asian "miracle," which led to the conflict of the East Asian financial debacle of 1997-1998.

From the Paper
"Consistent with the Japanese model, in South Korea, the industrialization that spurred such "breakneck economic growth" (Sang-Hun 2005) in one generation from 1960-1994 "was driven by government initiatives rather than market forces [as a] planed economy" (Hasung 2006). In South Korea large financial conglomerates, family-owned and operated chaebols, backed by the government were key players in this drive to lift Korea from poverty to power by developing Korean industries where capital markets were not yet established and competition in domestic markets was low. CFOs like Daewoo's Kim Woo Choong was committed to building a Korean industrial empire and mandated by President Park Chung to do so. The incessant amassing of wealth, popularly patriotic, was the general consensus invigorating that generation and sustaining the chaebols system."

Tags:communism, democracy, China, industrialization

Abstract
This paper examines the conflict that resulted in the Korean war. The thesis of this paper asserts that the most significant conflict in recent times over a major idea was the Korean War. The idea that launched that war was the whether the ideology of communism or democracy was going to prevail in Korea. We further argue, however, that this ideology was responsible for the rise of the developmental state and the economic Asian "miracle" (Stubbs 218), which led to the conflict of the East Asian financial debacle of 1997-1998.

From the Paper
"The thesis of this paper is that the most significant conflict in recent times over a major idea was the Korean War. The idea that launched that war was the whether the ideology of communism or democracy was going to prevail in Korea. We further argue, however, that this ideology was responsible for the rise of the developmental state and the economic Asian "miracle" (Stubbs 218), which led to the conflict of the East Asian financial debacle of 1997-1998. In China and Korea the idea was contested by the use of force. Although the Soviet Union had trained and armed the regime of Secretary General ..."

Tags:ideology, financial, economic, 1997, 1998

Abstract
The paper discusses the economic development of the Asia-Pacific region and focuses on Japan, China and the United States. The paper shows how the world has changed since the fall of communism and the ensuing political reorganization of the world. The paper describes the multi polar environment today in which economic, political and security affairs are discussed at the highest level and among the most important leaders. The paper looks at the Asia-Pacific Economic Forum as an example of a tool for regional cooperation and as an example of the multi-polar world in which we live.

From the Paper
"Since the end of the Cold War, there has been much discussion on the way in which the regions of the world would emerge and reconsider development. The changes which took place at the political level influenced to a large extent the way in which the world would develop from all other aspects. In this sense, the fall of communism in most countries which had been under this centralized system led to the reconsideration of the relation both in terms of political aspects as well as in economic and especially security ones. Despite the fact that the Asia-Pacific region is often viewed as an independent yet united entity, there are several actors which can be considered more important from the perspective of their regional as well as global role. Such factors include the United States, Japan, or China. Even so, states such as Australia or Russia, along with regional organizations such as ASEAN play a significant role in establishing the directions of development for the region from all points of view."

Tags:Japan, China, United, States, globalization, World, Trade, Organization

Abstract
A study into why certain Asia-Pacific countries such as Cambodia fail to reach long-term economic growth and an explanation of the conditions and policies needed in an economic climate to achieve this growth.
The paper covers the following topics:
Preconditions for faster economic growth
Policies for faster economic growth
Asia Pacific LDCs (Least Developed Countries) & Cambodia
The paper is filled with examples and recent statistics of countries including USA, Australia, Taiwan, Europe, Japan, Cambodia, and Asia-Pacific LDCs in general.

From the Paper
"According to McTaggart et al, there are several pre-conditions for economic growth. One of which is the existence of an institutional framework that is crucial to the creation of incentives. This institutional framework included markets (supply and demand), property rights, facilities for monetary exchange, as well as simple and transparent regulatory systems (1999: 32.7). Market prices send signals to buys and sellers that create incentives to increase or decrease the quantities demanded and supplied. Markets also enable people to specialize and trade and to save and invest. Property rights are the social arrangements that govern the ownership, use and disposal of factors of production and goods and services (McTaggart et al, 1999:32.17). They include the rights to physical property, to financial property and to intellectual property. The existence of property rights and their enforcement by the law provide people with certainty in their business dealings and hence they help provide macroeconomic stability and a pre-condition for growth."

Tags:deficit, economy, europe, exchange, export, foreign, free, import, market, policy, price, regulatory, system, taiwan, trade, world

Abstract
After reviewing the recent performance, structure, investor choice, management and risk-taking of the First State Asia Pacific Leaders Fund (Fund), this paper states that the Fund successfully focuses on long-term capital growth rather than on quick profits that can soon be lost in a volatile market. Next, the author relates that the Fund invests in large and mid cap equities and equity-type securities of companies mostly situated in the Asia Pacific region. The paper points out that the Fund prefers to invest in non-cyclical sectors including consumer staples, telecoms and utilities. Several tables and charts are included in the paper.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Recent Performance of the Fund
Structure of Fund is Umbrella Company
2009 Fund Activities
Fund Dominates Investor Choice in this Sector
Passive versus Active Management of the Funds
Fund not for Risk-Taking Investor Expecting a Quick and Large Return
Investment Objectives
Summary and Conclusion

From the Paper
"According to the 2009 managers report, the following information has been recently made available on the management of First State Asia Pacific Leaders Fund: (1) Global equities decline on profit taking after a strong run; (2) Asia Pacific ex-Japan markets fell but outperformed; (3) Thailand produced strong returns as the political situation stabilized; (4) Taiwan, India and South Korea underperformed; (5) Kasikornbank (Thailand: Financials) gained as investors sought the attractive valuations offered by the Thai market; (6) Australian gold miners Newcrest Mining and Lihir Gold declined with the price of Gold; (7) We bought Link REIT (Financials) Hong Kong largest owner of retail property with significant and underestimated revenue potential; (8) We sold China Resources Power (Utilities) as we believe it is vulnerable should interest rates begin to rise; (9) We continue to retain a very conservative stance seeing little upside at current valuations; and (10) Markets are discounting a rapid return to the pre-crisis conditions of strong economic growth but not the possibility of higher inflation. (First State Investments, 2009) The following fund information is also stated in the same report."

Tags:capitalization, dilution adjustment, risks upturn management

Abstract
The paper discusses how growth in the Asia-Pacific region has been explosive, largely due to the amount of foreign direct investment (FDI). The paper looks at theories of the positive and negative consequences of FDI in the growth and economic development of developing countries. The paper explains that the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of a country, especially one that is developing, is important; it helps them to receive more credit, allows them to do more with the capital that they have and ensures that their currency is more valuable. The paper points out that there should be a higher FDI in many of the developing countries and notes that China is receiving much more FDI than the other developing countries.

Outline:
Introduction
Economic Factors
Institutional Structure
Environment and Economic Growth Performance
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The productivity that is seen in these developing economies is highly important. Productivity is raised when FDI is involved, largely due to the fact that more people in the host country are able to get jobs. Many of these developing countries are not able to support themselves very well, and many of their people are very poor (Wakeman, 1984). When foreign investors become more involved in a country, they bring jobs, and they bring wages that are usually quite respectable for that particular country. This is a strong incentive for individuals in that country to seek employment at the new business, and therefore the people that do receive employment there will want to work very hard to ensure the safety of their jobs and to attempt to get raises and promotions (Wakeman, 1984)."

Tags:GDP, capital, currency, credit, developing

Abstract
This paper provides a marketing analysis that discusses infrastructure as well as economic and social conditions - since each has a role in determining the suitability of a country in any marketing analysis process. The analysis focuses on the Asia Pacific region i.e., Australia, New Zealand, Fiji, Singapore, North Korea, South Korea, Philippines, Burma, Thailand, Laos and Vietnam in particular.

From the Paper
"The availability of quality of commercial infrastructure is critically important in evaluating marketing operations abroad. The existing infrastructure varies in sophistication and in areas of weakness from country to country. The dynamics of the commercial infrastructure includes more than simply the number of airports and seaports. In marketing analysis one must also consider recent economic and political events as well as the general condition of the economy."

Tags:populations, climates, natural, resources, telephones, highways, cellular

Abstract
The paper explores the current issues and brings to light their implications and the outlook for regional peace and security, with particular relevance to ASEAN nations. The ASEAN nations now include Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam.
The paper finds that peace and stability in the Asia-Pacific region is threatened by an enormous buildup of armed forces on the continent.

From the Paper
"The Asia Pacific region is one of the most heavily armed regions of the world. The United States is the world's leading military superpower. China (the PRC) has had nuclear weapons since the 1960s and the largest army in the world. Japan could easily become a nuclear power and its Self-Defense forces, particularly its air force and navy, are formidable. The military presence of the Russians in the region has considerably receded since 1990, but they are a major source of high technology weaponry for the PRC. North Korea has a heavily armed standing army of over one million and is an incipient nuclear power. South Korea has strong conventional forces. Taiwan has been arming in self-defense as have the smaller ASEAN nations."

Tags:self-defense, nuclear, military, technology

Abstract
This paper explains that the difference in the business environment of Australia and China has the potential to cause considerable problems: Chinese managers are significantly more motivated by economic security, independence and control in contrast to their Australians counterparts. The author points out that companies in Australia are not as bound by government regulations as the Chinese are; even the influence of unions is not appreciated in Australia. The paper relates that, despite the legendary animosity that exists between Japan and South Korea, the two countries have comparable models of economic development; both plans for 'democracy' were borrowed from other governing states.

Table of Contents
Statement of Thesis
Introduction
Review of Case Study
South Korea and Japan

From the Paper
"The Australian economy has seen significant changes in the past fifteen years. The government in Australia initiated a series of macro and micro-economic reforms. These reforms were inclusive of phasing out tariffs, waterfront, shipping and air freight reform, financial deregulation, floating of the dollar as well as the freeing up of the labor market gradually. Stated 'key elements' of the reform agenda on the micro-economic scale are that of public sector reform and privatization. "

Tags:models, reform, regulation, motivation, chaebol