Abstract
The paper addresses the issue of whether political parties continue to be an essential part of the political process today. With particular reference to the political system in Canada, the paper looks at the growing power of corporations being paralleled in developed countries of the Western world by increasing voter alienation from political life as symbolized by low turnouts at election time. The conclusion of the paper is that there is no longer a need for political parties.

From the Paper
"The question of whether or not political parties are necessary is a complex one in our 21st century society. In large measure this is due to the changing nature of governance in our modern culture, with the growing power of corporations being paralleled, at least in developed countries of the Western world such as Canada, by increasing voter alienation from political life as symbolized by low turnouts at election time. In this context, this essay will argue, with particular reference to Canadian political history, that political parties are no longer necessary."

Tags:politics, science, canada

Abstract
The paper looks at three reforms which can be implemented in Canadian politics that will lead to a more creative, responsive and representative party system. The paper outlines these reforms: eliminating public transfer payments - with the proviso that private donations will be tightly capped so that powerful corporations and individuals cannot simply bankroll a party and make it a private fiefdom; making affirmative action a center-piece of each political party; and reducing party discipline so that back-benchers can express the concerns of their constituents and offer up vigorous opposition to decisions that party elites would otherwise consider as fait accompli.

From the Paper
Reforming political parties in Canada so that they can become more responsive and flexible Over the next several pages, this essay will look at three reforms which can be implemented in Canadian politics that will lead to a more creative, responsive and representative party system. Those reforms are the following trio: eliminating (or at least reducing) public transfer payments - with the proviso that private donations will be tightly capped so that powerful corporations and individuals cannot simply bankroll a party and make it a private fiefdom; making affirmative action (on an informal or outreach level) a center-piece of each political party; and

Tags:responsive, flexible, canada

Abstract
This paper presents an in-depth description of Canada's political parties which have helped in the development of a democratic system. The paper further notes that while Canadian political parties uphold what can be characterized as democratic principles, Canada is not really a democracy but rather a Constitutional Monarchy, with the highest ranking official in the government being a non-Canadian un-elected monarch, currently the Queen of England. The paper concludes by noting the limited powers of the monarch and the role of the Canadian prime minister.

From the Paper
"Canada has a number of political parties helping in the development of a democratic system, with three or four dominant federal parties, and with a number of provincial and local parties in operation at any given time. While Canadian political parties uphold what can be characterized as democratic principles, Canada is not really a democracy but rather a Constitutional Monarchy, with the highest ranking official in the government being a non-Canadian un-elected monarch, currently the Queen of England. Though the monarchy has full executive powers, it does not exercise them, leaving them for the Prime Minister of Canada to perform the necessary tasks. The Prime Minister is also not elected directly by..."

Tags:canada, political, parties

Abstract
This paper discusses the political make-up in Canada, focusing on the political parties that make up the government. The paper examines the role within government of the non-Canadian un-elected monarch, who is currently the Queen of England. The paper looks at the ongoing discussion in Canada about ways to make the country more a democracy and to protect the democratic institutions that have been created.

From the Paper
"The system for both domestic and foreign policy issues tends to be a pluralist democracy even as leaders promote the idea of a representative democracy. The system is unjust because it ignores or devalues millions of people, perhaps the majority of the citizenry, while responding to the loudest groups either in terms of those spending more money or those making their views heard most clearly. At the same time, it is difficult to see how it could be otherwise at the federal level, the sheer size of which reduces the link between elected representatives and the people they serve. Leaders will always respond more readily to the constituents they hear than to those who do not make their views known, and this necessarily means public interest groups and elites that make their views known will have more power."

Tags:democracy, monarchy, constitutional, representative, election

Abstract
By the end of the 1980's, it was becoming increasingly clear that the antiquated two party system in Canada was no longer effective in representing the views of the entire nation. Regional cleavages were becoming severely pronounced and alternative regional-based parties were thus progressively more alluring. The success of the Francophone Bloc Quebecois and the western based Reform party boldly highlights the intensity of the thrust behind the regional movement. This paper will compare and contrast the constitution of these two flourishing parties and some light may be shed upon the changing nature of politics and electoral behaviour in Canada.

Abstract
This paper argues that the taxation policies of the Liberal and Progressive Conservative Parties in Canada have shifted further to the right.

From the Paper
The Conservative Party maintains its conservative beginnings. Its philosophy is oriented toward maintaining the status quo in so far as the nation of Canada and its institutions, programs, eliminating regionalism, building a stronger nation, and limiting government intrusion into the private lives of Canadians.[i] There is little change in the Party's current platform. The Conservatives want to restore spending to the levels before the Liberals assumed power. The Conservatives have promulgated a new tax policy that calls for tax reduction

Tags:canadian, parties, political, tax, real, estate

From the Paper
This research examines political parties and the party system in Ontario. The ideological focus of the competing political parties, together with trends in voting behavior in Ontario are addressed along with other facets of the party system in the province.

Ideological Focus of Political Parties in Ontario
Within the context of ideology, political parties in Canada's provinces tend to mirror comparable ideological differences at the federal level. Exceptions can be cited such as the CCF (Cooperative Commonwealth Federation), the predecessor to ..."

Abstract
This eight page paper examines the present position of the Liberal Party of Canada. It should be noted first of all that the Liberal Party is Canada's largest political party and is currently led by Prime Minister Paul Martin, who succeeded Jean Chretien in 2003. Further the writer points out that the Liberal Party has been in power for most of the past century and is one of only two parties that have governed Canada since confederation.

From the Paper
"In analyzing the present position of the Liberal Party of Canada, it should be noted first of all that the Liberal Party is Canada's largest political party and is currently led by Prime Minister Paul Martin, who succeeded Jean Chretien in 2003. The Liberal Party has been in power for most of the past century and is one of only two parties that have governed Canada since confederation. In an ideological context, the present position of the Liberal Party of Canada is defined by its traditional commitment to upholding the dignity of each individual citizen and to protect their rights."

Tags:liberal, party, canada

Abstract
This paper explains that the Reform Party of Canada lasted for just 13 years, from 1987 to 2000. The author points out that, with such a short lifespan, it might be concluded that it failed as a political party; however, this would be to take too narrow a view. The paper argues that, although the party was short-lived, it left a sizable positive legacy.

From the Paper
"The Reform Party of Canada lasted for just 13 years - from 1987 to 2000. With such a short lifespan, we might conclude that it failed as a political party. However, this would be to take too narrow a view. It can be argued that although the party was short-lived, it left a sizable positive legacy. In particular, it helped western Canadian interests to move from a marginalized position in Canadian politics, and to take up a relatively powerful position at the federal government level."

Tags:reform, preston, manning

Abstract
The paper relates that in the last few years, the Canadian election system has been revised to reflect the changing and developing nature of Canadian politics. The paper discusses the goal of ensuring that the electoral process retains its plurality and untainted representative character. The paper looks at legislation that ensures equal and fair media access to all officially registered political parties and their candidates. The paper concludes that Canada's electorate appears to be one of the most forward thinking electorates in the developed world.

From the Paper
"Canadian electoral processes are contained in a series of laws that span canonist topics from elections themselves to media, but all combine to form a comprehensive set electoral policies codified through law: Canada Elections Act, Electoral Boundaries Readjustment Act, the Criminal Code, Income Tax Act, and the Broadcasting Act ("Electoral"). This series of comprehensive laws has been in development since the 1860s following the founding of Canada. As evidence of Canadian election law's ever expanding plurality one need only examine the severe constraints upon who could vote early in the country's history. Initially, only male Caucasians were allowed to vote even this early white male suffrage was limited by certain property restrictions (Studlar pars.4-10). Eventually all adult males were added to the voting eligibility roster with women later being included."

Tags:votes, candidates, election, law, political, parties, The, Franchise