Abstract This paper argues that Poland's union with Lithuania and the Jagiellonian dynasty marked the beginning of the Golden Age of Poland. All aspects of the union and the dynasty are included.
Abstract The paper explains how, after the third partition of Poland in 1795, the Poles needed a fearless leader, who was powerful enough to rise up and take back Poland and regain Polish independence. The paper discusses the roles of Prince Adam Czartoryski and Alexander and how the Poles put their fate in the hands of Napoleon Bonaparte I of France. The paper shows how the mistake of the Polish people was not that they orginally supported Napoleon but that they continued to support Napoleon throughout all the disappointments and casualties.
Outline:
The Polish Legions
Napoleon, Alexander, and Czartoryski
Victory to the Poles
Napoleon Was Not the Answer
From the Paper "In the year 1795, during the American and French Revolutions, the kingdom known as Poland was wiped off the map after the Third Partition. The territory once known as Poland was then divided amongst the Russians, the Prussians, and the Austrians. After the Third Partition the Polish population didn't know how to function. They became a Nationality that had no state in which to claim their own. They lost their sense of self, and worthiness within society. Quickly the Polish elite known as the Szlachta scrambled for a way in which they could regain their State. The term now referred to as the Polish Question came to be in which they asked whether Poland will regain Independence and if so how? The Poles needed a fearless leader, one who was powerful enough to rise up and take back Poland and Polish Independence."
Abstract This paper looks at the social, economic and political histories of Polish-Americans and Native-Americans. It discusses some of the organizations that assist the two groups, and how they fare compared to each other.
From the Paper "The top ten states with the most Polish Americans are New York, Illinois, Michigan, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Wisconsin, California, Ohio, Florida and Massachusetts in descending order. However, the states with the highest percentage of Polish Americans are Wisconsin, Michigan, Connecticut, Illinois, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, New York, Massachusetts and Minnesota in descending order. Analysis of this data shows..."
Abstract This paper discusses the advantages and disadvantages of forming an economic union, and possibly a monetary union to which members could, subject to conditions, apply to join. Factors such as possible membership, timetable, trade and investment effects, convergence of economies, economic and social consequences and administrative structure are covered briefly, yet concisely. The experiences of the European Union/Monetary Union are used as support for the arguments which are presented in the paper.
Outline:
Introduction
Background of the study
The Aim of an Economic Union The Disadvantages of an Economic Union Economic Union and the Dilemma of Collective Action
Arguments Against an Economic Union Advantages for an Economic Union Conclusion
From the Paper "A vital question for the triumph of an economic union is whether the economic union placed by an autonomous, supranational central bank in addition to fiscal (and other) procedures managed by a national government is helpful not only to price-steadiness but also towards economic development. This concern related to an economic union stems mainly from the commencement of the euro during 1999. Since the Euro inception, there has been a constant flow of disapproval concerning the EU'S system for economic union and harmonization. The Stability and Growth Pact (SGP) - perhaps, the most well-known aspects of union -- has been constantly criticized by economists as an unimagined, dull and eventually counter-productive procedure that encourages pro-cyclic fiscal procedures, slows down economic revival and harms the durable growth prospective of the EU financial system. In addition, accusation has also been cited, quite frequently, against the incapability of the policy structure to provide a logical policy blend, as well as, laments the deficient of suppleness in policy management (Fitoussi and Creel, 2002)."
Abstract In the early days, the union was considered a moral establishment, ensuring that workers worked in safe and equitable environments. In today's society however, where capitalist endeavors dominate, wages and working conditions are already reasonable for the most part, thus unions are flailing. This paper shows that if one examines critically the purpose of unions, many may find their modus of operation outdated and their strategies unreasonable for the modern marketplace. More and more American workers and employers are recognizing that the benefits of a union do not outweigh the hassle associated with membership.
This paper shows that many have even expressed the notion that unions are more adept at advancing their own interests at the public's expense rather than accomplishing any worthwhile task.
Paper Outline:
Introduction
History of Unions Unions in Modern Society
Bibliography
From the Paper "Many perceive unions to be archaic in nature, attempting to focus on issues that are irrelevant to the contemporary workforce (Hyman, 2002). Unions have also been merging, causing negative reactions against members. Many workers are also increasingly disgruntled at the idea of paying fees for a service they feel may or may not benefit them in the long run. Other employees see unions as the oppressor, charging membership dues that they are obligated to pay whether or not they agree with the foundational principles of the organization."
Abstract The paper examines the claim that unions are a cause of corruption in many industries in the USA due to the misuse of their power and influence. It looks at the harm done by the unions in the economical, social, political and religious arenas. It brings up corruption in federal grants, unionism in schools, corruption effects in heavy manufactured goods industry and unionism abuse at a steel mill.
From the Paper "Unionism refers to the power that resides in a group of people sharing common interests. This force, influence, or power exists by virtue of unification. Unions exist throughout the United States each created under the slogan of "safeguarding the rights of the respective union's members". However, the case does not remain the same once the presence of power and the ability to exercise it is realized. Today, these unions are a cause of corruption in many industries nationwide due to the misuse of their power and influence where by they cause great economical, social, political and religious harm to the country."
Abstract This paper discusses the diminishing need for unions over the past few decades, with the main focus on the past few. The emphasis is the effect of the changing nature of workplace relations. First, a brief background of unions in general is discussed, followed by an overview of workplace relations, in order to provide a context of the study surrounding the diminishing need for unions in the modern world. Finally, the modern world of workplace relations and its effect on union involvement within workplaces is examined.
From the Paper "The environment that confronts trade unions today is extraordinarily different to that which they dealt with at their origins, and in their heyday. The modern world consists of a political and intellectual consensus that competition, not protection, is the appropriate response to the challenges of a more highly integrated world economy. The current uncertainties facing trade unions come after three decades of extensive restructuring of workplace and employment relations. This restructuring was accompanied by extensive legislative reforms as successive governments sought to shift the balance of power towards employers. Decentralisation and globalization are associated with a weakening of the institutions of labour regulation (such as arbitral labour courts and trade unions) (Macken 1997). This has allowed employers greater choice in deciding the type of workplace relations' policies that freeze out unions. Employers are increasingly hostile towards trade unions and adopting HRM practices that aim to exclude or weaken unions at the workplace (Peetz 1998) (Petzall et al 2003, pg 162)."
Abstract This paper presents a brief history of labor unions in American society. It looks at early local craft unions and the development of modern union techniques and method. The paper looks at the growth of unions, and their inclusion of political activity.
Tags:unions, labor, strikes, CIO, employers, democrats, workers rights
Abstract This paper examines unions and the law and looks at the history of the union movement and labor legislation. It looks at early law concepts governing employment relationships, union unrest and activity in the 1930s and the role of the Federal courts in labor-management relations. It also examines later laws that protected worker rights and the influence of unions on politics.
From the Paper "Until the early 1930s most employee-employer relationships were governed by the common law and the doctrine of employment at will in which either party could terminate the employment relationship at anytime and for any reason provided that ...."
Tags:unions, labor movement, legislation, business law
Abstract This paper discusses labor-management relations in Japan. The author points out the structure of Japanese trade unions. The paper includes a brief comparison between Japanese and British trade unions.
From the Paper "Although relatively stable throughout the ...s and ... s, union membership began to decline in Japan in the ...s and that decline accelerated in the ...s. A debate, regarding the long term viability of the Japanese labor movement, has been underway for a least a decade. Initially, attention focused on the changes in the economic. political and social structure of Japanese, society factors that are outside of the control of any participant in the labor relations system."
Tags: Japanese trade union movement, future of japanes trade union movement, economic competitiveness, lifetime employment, enterprise unions
Abstract This paper examines the accomplishments and contributions of unions have made toward improving the conditions of workers. In particular, it examines how the lifestyles of workers have changed financially and socially. The paper also considers why a worker would want to join a union, with simple how-to instructions taken from a website. The paper ends with an exploration of why union membership has dropped over the past few decades and how unions are trying to regain their prominence.
From the Paper "Unions have been around for many years, and working conditions in developed, as well as developing countries have been vastly improved due to union activism and vigilance. Some unions have been able to provide many in society with a sense of security that they might not have ever been able to enjoy without the union's strength and cohesiveness supporting them."
Abstract The following paper discusses the traditional role of the trade union, and its justification and/or weaknesses. It will explore the role that the union has, and what are their prospects in the current "contractual" mode of industrial relations.
Highlights the main reasons why membership in the Employee Federal Credit Union (EFCU) is shrinking and why individuals are opting for commercial banking when credit unions offer loans at lower rates.
Abstract This research report addresses the main reasons why EFCU has encountered a decline in membership and what is prompting people to borrow from other financial bodies. In order to better understand these reasons, however, the paper first looks at why people are initially attracted to credit unions instead of commercial banks and the principles that guide the growth of credit unions. The report is based on a survey of EFCU members, which was conducted through mailed questionnaires.
From the Paper "This has been a major setback for most federal credit unions including EFCU the number of its members has decreased and many existing members prefer commercial banks to meet their loan requirements. While the governmental regulations are certainly playing a dominant role in poor performance of credit unions in last few years, we must not forget how banking industry has persistently forced the government to develop such legislation. The worst part is that due to this persistent challenges, market share of credit unions came down to 12% in 1995 from 13% in 1980 while that of bans increased from 50 to 56% during these fifteen years."
Abstract This paper explains that the downfall of the Soviet Union was, in part, due to the labor policies such as the promise of work, the compulsory labor policies and the promise of equal pay to many people regardless of their work. The author points out these labor policies created an apathetic attitude about productivity and success that led to an inability to stir the nation into growth, which was the cause of the ultimate downfall of the Soviet Union. The paper contends that, as the nation rebuilds, it is important that it allows a policy of free market competitiveness.
From the Paper "The Red Army of Workers simulated what Americans know as "Unions". The difference was that the Red Army of Workers was actually controlled by the government and given freedoms that the government felt were allowable. This again wiped out any hope for motivation or drive and those who belonged simply went through the paces. The government allowed the workers to be given the right to participate in the government structure and to practice religion but later years removed such rights. The laboring masses were then nothing but workhorses who went each day, performed their duties, and did not have anything to wish for or hope for."
Abstract This paper provides an overview of labor unions, a number of reasons for a decline in their membership, and a discussion of right-to-work laws and their effect on the unionization process. An analysis of the similarities between conflict theorists and functional theorists in the discussion of labor unions is followed by a summary of the research in the conclusion.
From the Paper "A labor union, according to Black's Law Dictionary (1990), is "a combination or association of workers organized for purposes of securing favorable wages, improved labor conditions, better hours of labor, etc., and righting grievances against employers (875). Labor unions generally represent trades, crafts, and other skilled workers such as plumbers and truck drivers (Black's 1990). Unions were originally formed in response to the increasingly severe hardships that were imposed on working people through the process of industrialization (Galenson 1994). The shifts from an agrarian to industrial society resulted in many people being uprooted from their traditional homes and work."
