Abstract
This paper discusses the process of managing change when adapting information technology (IT) to new uses. It discusses the need for core technology with enabling technology, which enables the core to achieve certain specific tasks. The paper particularly focuses on a police agencies, using mobile data terminals that have been adapted to the specific needs of police work.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
IT and Change
Management and IT
Traditional v. High-Technology Companies
Mobile Data Terminals
Conclusion

From the Paper
"In New York City, the NYPD is not the only police agency operating in the city. The Port Authority Police Department is another such entity, with a jurisdiction that ranges over a radius of twenty-five miles and covers all of the major arteries into New York City. JFK alone encompasses 5,000 acres with ten terminals and can be seen as being like a small city. The PAPD has an authorized strength of 1,400 police. AS in most departments, the PAPD commanding officers use the analytical data they can gather so that they can recognize anticipated public safety threats and allocate their resources to those threats. State-of-the-art communication capabilities are an important component of this preventive strategy, and to this end, the PAPD has placed mobile data terminals inside police cars to enable police to communicate immediately with motor vehicle bureaus and other government entities for fast background checks of detained persons (Morrone, 1998, paras. 9-12)."

Tags:IT, communication, patrol

Abstract
The paper discusses how in the article "'The Lone Streetwalker:' Missing Women and Sex Work-related News in Mainstream Canadian Media," Shawna Ferris explains and criticizes what she calls the "lone streetwalker" trope that the mainstream uses to characterize sex workers. The paper asserts that mainly, she does a very good job, coming up with a strong criticism of the way in which this trope is used to continue stereotypes about sex workers, and in this way contributes to the continued marginalization of sex workers.

From the Paper
"In the article "`The Lone Streetwalker:' Missing Women and Sex Work-related News in Mainstream Canadian Media," Shawna Ferris explains and criticizes what she calls the "lone streetwalker" trope that the main stream uses to characterize sex workers. Mainly, she does a very good job, coming up with a strong criticism of the way in which this trope is used to continue stereotypes about sex workers, and in this way contributes to the continued marginalization of sex workers."

Tags:sex, workers, prostitutes

Abstract
This paper explains that the social technology of crisis intervention is recommended training for all law enforcement officers who are responsible for immediate management of a crisis situation; whereas, the social technology of hostage negotiations is recommended training for special teams where bargaining is required. The author points out that the immediate management in crisis intervention is essential to interrupt ineffective, maladaptive behavior brought about by stress and tension in an individual's life. The paper relates that both crisis intervention and hostage negotiations require a specialized training curriculum including special training for units working on terrorism and terrorist activities.

Table of Contents
Key Concerns that Differentiate Crisis Intervention and Hostage Negotiations
Tactics Differences Between Crisis Intervention and Hostage Negotiations
Training Similarities and Differences Between Crisis Intervention and Hostage Negotiations
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Circumstances requiring hostage negotiations are more commonly publicized than those requiring only crisis intervention tactics. Hostage negotiations include such events as situations with a kidnapper in a known location, as opposed to an unknown location where control is not possible, hostage taking, barricade situations and suicide attempts.
The foregoing definitions differentiate crisis intervention from negotiation situations involving hostages in that crisis intervention focuses on immediate management whereas hostage negotiations "seek peaceful resolution of a dangerous situation" with time being a plus factor, in most instances, for negotiators."

Tags:fbi, first-aid, family, curriculum, bargaining, terror

Abstract
This paper explains that a critical incident is an abnormally stressful event that may be psychologically traumatic resulting in post traumatic stress disorder. The author relates that the company for which an employee named Adam worked, had a training program that was based on the social learning theory. The social learning theory focuses on learning that occurs within a social context. The paper then states that, a disadvantage of this theory is that because people can learn through observation alone, their learning may not necessarily be shown in their performance and that learning may or may not result in a behavior change. The paper stresses that if the company would have had a formal training program, as well as requiring certification for the use of all equipment, Adam's accident could have easily been avoided.

From the Paper
"The critical incident I'm going to discuss involves a teenage boy named Adam. Adam had been working for a small recycling company for about two months in the stock room. On the day of his accident Adam's boss asked him to come in for a few extra hours to drive a forklift because one of his co-workers was unable to make it to their shift. He didn't get any formal training to operate a forklift and didn't even know there was such a thing as a license for operating one. The only training he received was through observing other employees."

Tags:training certification, post traumatic stress disorder, mandatory observation

Abstract
This paper is a discussion of the use of discretion in police work. It Includes its "mythical" aspects, considers its sources, and suggests how it might be controlled. The paper creates a list of ten police actions during which an officer might use discretion and why. It determines whether the use in each action is reasonable or an abuse of power.

From the Paper
"Peak has pointed to the fact that the law is simply unable to cover every situation a police officer faces and that given this fact there are numerous times when police must make choices about the ..."

Tags:police, discretion

Abstract
A personal story about how adopting more positive habits, such as learning how to manage daily stress, can improve an individuals health and productivity in the workplace.

Outline:
The problem
Finding the causes
Remediation
Assessment of results obtained
Future steps

From the Paper
"After discussing my findings with my colleagues and supervisor in order to enlist their support, I tried to implement some of the strategies I had found in order to improve my morale and overall work performance. The steps taken by me are summarized in Figure 1. I suggested some possible steps to the management to make the work environment more productive and less stressful, some of which were agreed upon during discussions in an internal staff meeting. We determined to promote informal communication amongst the group members and a flexible approach by the management was suggested that would let us exchange responsibilities with colleagues if they so required. This encouraged inter-dependability and cooperation. It also helped us maintain answerability to other group members in case the work absence exceeded the norm."

Tags:motivation demotivation productivity, work strategy, positive habits

Abstract
This paper briefly discusses how, when it comes to stress management in police work, the biggest issue is burnout. It looks at how there are several things that relate to the amount of burnout that the law enforcement officer experiences and how their age, their gender, their marital status, and the length of time that they have been in the profession all have been suggested to correlate to the levels of burnout that they experience.

From the Paper
"It is important to note that law enforcement officers in a small town with very little crime or problems will often have a much lower degree of burnout than officers in a large city with a very high crime rate. This stands to reason, as the officers in the large city will be under much more heightened and sustained stress due to where they work than their counterparts in the small town where crime is very low (Jackson &Maslach, 1982). There are times when busy cities are quite and times when quiet cities are busy, but in general there are more crimes in larger areas. Police officers that work in inner-city neighborhoods all of the time are especially susceptible to burnout because they often see many things that upset them and they do not always have a good outlet for the emotions that they feel when they see these things (Chandler & Jones, 1979)."

Tags:age, gender, cynicism

Abstract
This paper reviews how policing has evolved over the last half-century. Along the way, the paper examines organizational developments, changes in the relationship between the general public and police officers, and changes between rank-and-file officers and their superiors. Not to be overlooked, the paper pauses to reflect on changes in personnel and also delves into some broad theories which have proved influential. In the end, the paper concludes that policing today is better than in the past and adjusted capably to a half-century of change.

From the Paper
"American policing has undergone many profound changes over the past several decades. From being authoritarian, punishment-focused and top-down only a couple of generations ago to being a more collaborative, educative and bottom-up organization today, policing in America's urban centers has changed in ways that mirror the broader changes in American society. The following paper examines the evolution of police-community interaction over the past half-century and also examine how the attitudes of police officers have changed as the world around them has changed."

Tags:policing, united, states

Abstract
This paper discusses whether the myth of the ability for police officers to use discretion when applying laws, does in fact exist or not. The paper begins by defining discretion. It then goes on to discusses certain situations when discretion is most commonly used by the police, such as domestic disturbances and dealing with juveniles or the mentally ill.

Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
What is Discretion?
The Myths Regarding Enforcing the Laws
Examples of Officer's Discretion
Discretion with Juveniles
Discretion with the Mentally Ill
Conclusion

From the Paper
"What is Discretion?
In order to understand how police officers use discretion, an individual first must know what it is. Discretion is defined by the Merriam-Webster dictionary as, "the ability to make responsible decisions, individual choice or judgment, power of free decision or latitude of choice within certain legal bounds." (Merriam-Webster Online, unknown). An officer's ability to use discretion and have the ability to make good judgment calls sometimes in a split second is crucial. Otherwise, an officer most likely will not have an extensive career in law enforcement."

Tags:enforcement, juvenile, civil

Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that maintaining contact with current and prospective investors is a critical aspect of maintaining strong company growth, especially given the increasingly beleaguered economy and the diversity of global investment opportunities. The writer discusses that the need for a public relations department to maintain strong, positive investor relations is becoming an increasingly critical focus of major organizations, particularly given the recent spate of scandals and an increased interest on the part of shareholders regarding the moral polices of companies. The writer maintains that public relations specialists in investor relations must work to monitor the company's reputation amongst investors, work to enhance the company's image in the financial community and media and convey a reputation of stability and trust to investors. The writer concludes that from crisis management in light of a scandal, to slow and steady education and reputation enhancement, investor relations will become an even more critical aspect of a company's public relations strategy in the future, motivating more and more universities to offer special coursework and certification in the field, as well as drawing more and more individuals to specialize in this area.

From the Paper
"Ignoring such comments, or worse, threats of legal action against supposed slanderers, rather than proving helpful have instead damaged many company's reputations and brought the need for public relations with investors to the forefront. In contrast, through careful monitoring of such sites, companies have been able to nip potential public relations problems in the bud. An article critical of Home Depot Inc. was followed by 7,000 negative posts on one website. Urged on by his public relation specialists ..."

Tags:scandals, shareholders, PR, specialists, corporate