Abstract
In this paper, the cultural contributions given by women in Indo-Caribbean history relate directly to the resistance movements that were part of the slavery and indentured servitude they labored beneath. The writer discusses that the identity of Indian women that worked on the plantations, a remarkably small minority to men in the Caribbean, were not the dainty females that modern historiography might impart, but women able to fight alongside men in times of revolt.

From the Paper
"The basis of indentured servitude of the capitalist agenda of the ruling European parties in the Caribbean reflect the general aspects of slave labor that made places, such as Guyana, a racially divided place. The basis of race and historiography can determine why sugar cane cutters in Guyana suffered, as we hear within the song "Oh Maninga", as sung by Neisha Benjamin. These relate the historiographical commonalities that represent the capitalist agenda to conduct low wages and tyrannical ruling by the sugar cane managers."

Tags:caribbean, slave, canada

Abstract
In this paper, the writer discusses that although there is a concerted effort to realize the inequalities of the workload that women now partake in the new liberated feminism of the 21st century, there is still a greater lack of care or response by males to father their children. The writer claims that in this manner, the need for a religious and economic reformation of mother's roles, should be constructed to help integrate family ideals into the male milieu.

From the Paper
"The theme of feminist group marginalization is the basis of the articles written by Gloria Steinem and Audre Lorde. In both cases the modernity of feminist principles that give women greater freedoms is becoming a 'pass' style of counter culture values within the patriarchal milieu of society. In this manner, women in society, especially as young students on campuses, are prone to be at school for reasons other than education or liberating principles for their sex or gender role. Steinem reflects this stage in feminist ideology."

Tags:feminist, studies, articles

Abstract
The paper looks at two points about Indo-Caribbean people and the Indo-Caribbean culture. The first question discusses the historical, racial, social and cultural implications of the field-song "Oh Maninga." The second looks at two contributions to the study of Indo-Caribbean culture by women, specifically writing and cultural transmission.

From the Paper
"The song "Oh Maninga" illustrates a small part of the world of the Indo-Caribbean indentured laborer. The song shows a part of the world that was not frequently seen or discussed in historical literature until recently. Patterns of race and class, gender and culture can be seen in this song. Until the last few decades, people have not been interested in the people who worked in the Caribbean as indentured servants in horrible conditions for little compensation. Part of this is due to the racism inherent in the dominant western culture where those writing the history were not interested in the stories of the poor, especially not the women or otherwise powerless."

Tags:caribbean, indian, women

Abstract
This paper consists of two essays on the relationship between Caribbean women and globalization and the conflicts that exist between gender, race/ethnicity and globalization. The paper also addresses colonialism as a major issue.

From the Paper
"The readings for this week were "The Indentureship Experience" and "Feminism, Nationalism, and the Early Women's movement in the English-Speaking Caribbean" by Rhoda Reddock. It can be argued that although these readings focus on different aspects of Caribbean Women's studies there are a number of similar themes. A common theme in both readings is the idea that systems of racial/ethnic and gender based exclusion are impacting women in the Caribbean twice. In particular, we see Caribbean women from different racial/ethnic groups being separated from each other. We also see women being exploited by..."

Tags:caribbean, women, reflections

Abstract
This paper discusses themes related to Caribbean women through a discussion of "The Indentureship Experience" and "Feminism, Nationalism, and the Early Women's movement in the English-Speaking Caribbean" by Rhoda Reddock. The paper argues that although these readings focus on different aspects of Caribbean women's studies there are a number of similar themes.

From the Paper
"Reddock argues that many of the early feminist movements in the Caribbean developed out of projects to develop economic capacity. In particular she notes that the self-help society of Jamaica and the home industries in Trinidad and Tobago developed as small operations to create jobs and allow people to earn livelihoods(Reddock 63-64)."
"The fact that feminism was linked to charitable organizations was a direct attempt to keep women out of public life. Reddock argues that these women were allowed to participate in these charities because it was not seen as a threat to patriarchal power. In fact women's participation in these organizations actually strengthened men's domination in society. This was done by linking women's public activities to activities conducted in the private sphere(Reddock 65-67)."

Tags:patriarchal, public, domination

Abstract
Much of the cultural history of former British colonies such as Guyana, Trinidad, Jamaica and other Caribbean countries is traced in this paper to the slave trade conducted by the British during the 17th and 18th centuries. Caribbean culture is described in relations to indentured slaves brought from India and in particular Indian women who were subject to particular criteria for transport from India to former British Colonies. From this history, the complex culture of the Caribbean communities is traced to the British slave trades and the subjugation of women within slave trading.

Abstract
This literature essay compares two stories written by Caribbean women authors, and discusses these in relation to women's oral histories and traditions in Caribbean cultural contexts. Referring to the post-colonial and feminist theory, the author of this paper analyzes women's writing as a reflection of traditions with story-telling, women's "voice," and histories that are particular to women and Caribbean culture.

Tags:LITERATURE / CARIBBEAN, tradition of women

Abstract
It is a paradox of our post-colonial world, defined by its high-speed information and transportation networks, that as we break down the physical barriers of space the boundaries of nation, place and identity define us in more complex ways than ever before. This paper will explore the dynamic tension between place and identity as represented by Caribbean women thinkers and writers, with particular reference to the shaping of identity by women in the framework of the Caribbean diaspora. The paper will argue the thesis that for these women identity is defined by an ethic of independence and the assertion of agency in the face of multiple intersecting oppressions - of sexism, patriarchy, homophobia and class - that have pervaded Caribbean society from the colonial to the post-colonial era.

From the Paper
Caribbean Women Thinkers Essay Topic 3 Introduction It is a paradox of our post-colonial world, defined by its high-speed information and transportation networks, that as we break down the physical barriers of space the boundaries of nation, place and identity define us in more complex ways than ever before. This paper will explore the dynamic tension between place and identity as represented by Caribbean women thinkers and writers, with particular reference to the shaping of identity by women in the framework of the Caribbean diaspora. The paper

Tags:women, caribbean, literature

Abstract
The paper asserts that notions of Caribbean women's hyper sexuality are among longstanding myths of the region that happen to carry over into the 21st century's much enlarged sex tourism. The paper argues that Western feminists often fail to examine the phenomenon for its differences vis a vis prostitution in the West. The paper discusses how in the Caribbean, sex work has led to the politicization of women who turn to it due to economic necessity, aware of the contribution made to contemporary tourism.

From the Paper
"Much literature on sexuality in relation to Caribbean women projects a stereotype of women victimized by patriarchal male standards, second-class social status, residual racism, prostitution driven by Western demand, and all other maladies affecting women in developing countries. However, when female sexuality is examined in a Caribbean understanding of women's power and agency, one sees a collective force shaping all matters of the family, social authority and political orientation that, perhaps ironically, is evidenced in the booming Caribbean sex trade. Cynthia Mellon explained..."

Tags:kempadoo et al, caribbean, sex work

Abstract
This paper discusses the conservatism of stereotyping Canadian- Caribbean women who are single parents. The writer notes that this can be done frequently by 'concerned' politically correct scholars and activists to assert they are attacking unwanted attitudes regarding 'women of colour' or 'Jamaican single mothers'. The writer expresses some of what is noticeable in educated circles in central Canada referring to single mothers of Caribbean backgrounds, in quite negative, distorting stereotypes that often miss practical or philosophical realities, notably those of religion and orientations other than the material. This paper's topic reinforces a simple reality that one is influenced by mass media materials if one is not alert to their influence as a danger.


Outline:
Introduction
Racism and 'Oppression'
School Failure and Gangs
The Impact of Slavery Reexamined
Class Struggle and Consumerism
'Fieldwork' - Speaking with People
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The rest of the article refers to women of Caribbean origin having children when young, leaving school, living thereafter on social assistance or menial jobs. A stereotype of single mothers of Caribbean heritage in hopeless situations is now usual in a construction irritating single mothers who are achievers and sometimes excellent parents, able to provide constructive homes for their children on modest incomes. A strong bias in Philp's article is one of poverty always meaning severe disadvantage in contrast with a practicality and sense of priority found in Caribbean cultures as developed in ex-colonies of very limited resources till quite recently. Single mothers can be strongly aware of what is needed in life, and as stressed elsewhere in this paper, how to maintain their family's dignity, poverty not shameful when approached soundly, aware of how much worse off others are, trying one's best, valuing kin and conducting oneself well with others.
"Many contemporary Caribbean single mothers have had good role models in women raising children by themselves in more than one country."

Tags:attitudes, public, opinion, black, discrimination