Abstract
Bolivia and Peru have both experienced high levels of political instability. This instability originates in the Spanish destruction of these countries' Quechua culture and the insertion of Hispano-American conventions, particularly rural oligarchy and the repression of indigenous politics, in its place. This essay will argue that the suppression of the indigenous-specifically, indigenous culture, politics, and economics-is the most important root cause for the ongoing political problems of Bolivia and Peru.

From the Paper
Bolivia and Peru: The Roots of Political Instability Bolivia and Peru have both experienced high levels of political instability. This instability originates in the Spanish destruction of these countries' Quechua culture and the insertion of Hispano-American conventions, particularly rural oligarchy and the repression of indigenous politics, in its place. This essay will argue that the suppression of the indigenous--specifically, indigenous culture, politics, and economics--is the most important root cause for the ongoing political problems of Bolivia and Peru. The key political fact about modern Bolivia is that "The 6 percent of the

Tags:bolivia, peru, indigenous

Abstract
This paper takes an in-depth look at Peru's Sendero Luminoso, or Shining Path, a Maoist offshoot of the Peruvian Communist movement. According to the paper, Shining Path has been fighting a guerrilla war of varying intensity that has claimed the lives of thousands of Peruvian civilians, soldiers, and police officers. This paper further describes the origins and purpose of Shining Path, considers the theoretical justification for the group's political goals, and considers the efficacy of the approaches that the Peruvian state has taken to combat the group.

From the Paper
"Peru's Sendero Luminoso, or Shining Path, is a Maoist offshoot of the Peruvian Communist movement. Shining Path, which has been active since 1980, has been fighting a guerrilla war of varying intensity that has claimed the lives of thousands of Peruvian civilians, soldiers, and police officers. This paper briefly describes the origins and purpose of Shining Path, considers the theoretical justification for the group's political goals, and considers the efficacy of the approaches that the Peruvian state has taken to combat the group. The conclusion is that Shining Path, and organizations like it, exist because of the political ecology of South..."

Tags:sendero, luminoso, peru

Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses the infectious disease TB (Tuberculosis), particularly targeting Peru. Further, the writer explains the dangers of the disease as a hazard and the ramifications of TB and MDR-TB.

From the Paper
"This paper is a hazard identification for an infectious disease pathogen tuberculosis and the country targeted for the risk assessment Peru. It will describe the health hazards caused by the pathogen and explain the re-emergence of tuberculosis in modern society. Tuberculosis is a debilitating disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Worldwide there are approximately ..."

Tags:hazard identification, TB, MDR-TB, Peru, disease, contagious

Abstract
This writer reviews "The History of the Conquest of Peru" by William Hickling Prescott that is a three page book report/summary of the events taking place in the Incan Empire in the fifteen hundreds.

From the Paper
""The History of the Conquest of Peru", by William Hickling Prescott, details the conquest of the mighty Incan Empire (and Central America as a whole) by the Spanish and specifically Pizarro. Originally published in the year 1847, it is supposed to be a companion volume to Prescott's "History of the Conquest of Mexico". In actuality, I found it to stand-alone and vividly retell a time and history that is drastically unlike any time I've known. It is no wonder this literary work is considered a classic by Latin and world scholars alike."

Tags:peru, prescott, inca

Abstract
In this article, the writer looks at climate changes and focuses on its effects on Peru, in particular. The writer explains how the background of the Peruvian people and Peru's unstable climate make Peru especially susceptible to global warming. The paper also exmaines the effects on Peru of global warming such as freezing weather, glacial retreat, El Nino and then discusses what is being done about climate change. The writer notes that climate change is a global problem and explains that it is an on going process caused primarily by global warming, harming both natural and human environments. The writer points out that because of the way the Peruvian people live, and because Peru has such an unstable climate that can be influenced by many factors, Peru is the third most susceptible country to global warming. The writer concludes that the people who depend on the Andean highlands in Peru are facing severe hardships due to global warming and notes that if the trend of climate change continues, the effects of global warming will only be felt more severely.

From the Paper
"Because the weather was freezing weather rather than hotter weather, it is harder to link this abrupt change to global warming. However, one cannot just assume the freezing weather is an anomaly because it was a national crisis that had never happened before. Global warming would mean higher temperatures; this would mean to increased levels of evaporation, and increased levels of precipitation. Therefore, one link that can be made to this unusually freezing weather would be the increased levels of evaporation leading to a higher level of snowfall and sleet in Peru. The higher levels of sleet and snowfall would contribute to the abnormally cold temperatures in the Andean highlands in the middle of July."

Tags:Andes, freezing, weather, temperatures

Abstract
This paper analyzes the overall justice system in Peru in order to understand the history of the Peruvian society's justice system as it relates to its current status. The paper also attempts to correlate Peru's justice system with the Peruvian governmental, military and religious systems, as well as analyze the problems in the justice system and research possible and/or proven solutions. Additionally, the paper hypothesizes that the Peruvian justice system is really in a chaotic state and both the government and the military system of Peru were the cause of the disorder. However, with the current initiatives of political reform coupled with the continuing efforts of the Catholic and other evangelical churches, the justice system in Peru will likely soon be experiencing dramatic, positive change.

Outline
Chapter 1. Introduction
Chapter 2. Historiography
Chapter 3. The Call for Reform
Chapter 4. Justice in Peru: A Reflection of the Country's Government
Chapter 5. Conclusion

From the Paper
"Peruvian policing has an unpromising history. Policing was militarized under military government from 1968 to 1980. Through the 1980s and 1990s the police confronted Peru's brutal Maoist Shining Path guerrilla movement (Sendero Luminoso) and another smaller guerrilla group (MRTA). For much of this period, the police were under direct military command in emergency zones that covered nearly half the country for over a decade. Both the police and military were responsible for methodical and egregious human rights violations (Mawby 1999). Police were also themselves victims of acts of terrorist violence, and continue to hold views overwhelmingly shaped by the counterterrorist experience, including a tendency to associate human rights with guerrillas and communists. "

Tags:military, reform, church, violence

Abstract
The paper provides a literature review on the current economic conditions in Peru, the manner in which the country is dealing with the current global financial crisis and the investment opportunities that are available in Peru. The paper outlines the problem statement and research questions and describes how it intends to include both local and foreign direct investment and to discover what can be done to allow Peru to fully exploit its resources.

Outline:
Introduction
Background Information
Statement of the Problem
Purpose of the Research
What is the Research Question or Questions?
Preliminary Literature Review
Methodology

From the Paper
"In 2008, Peru's exports totalled $31.2 billion in part because of high mineral prices. Peru's major partners include China, Switzerland, Canada, Japan and the United States ("Peru"). The U.S. government reports that "after nine years of surpluses Peru registered a deficit in its trade with the United States of $0.33 billion in 2008, exporting $5.86 billion and importing $6.18 billion. Peru's exports include petroleum, gold, copper, apparel, tin, coffee, non-ferrous ores, asparagus, fishmeal, zinc, and textiles. Imports include machinery, petroleum products, electrical machinery, plastics, vehicles, steel, and cereals ("Peru")."
"The state depeartment also reports that Peru is part of several organizations including the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) forum, the Andean Community, and the World Trade Organization (WTO) ("Peru"). The country also posesses some limited trade agreements with nations of Chile and Mexico ("Peru"). In addtiion Peru halso has more broad trade agreement with ; Canada and Singapore ("Peru"). The country also has similar agreements with China, and is in talks to have a trade agreement with the European Union ("Peru").
"As it pertains to foreign investment Peru is excited about potentential investments. In fact the government encourages foreign and domestic investment in every sector of the Peruvian economy ("Peru"). At the end of 2008 registered stock of foreign direct invesment was $18 billion. In addition, Foreign direct investments conducted through banks was aproximately $30 billion ("Peru"). Most investments are from the United Kingdom, the U.S., and Spain."

Tags:investment, resources, poverty, trade, unemployment

Abstract
This paper discusses how Peru faces many problems common to many developing countries around the world, including economic difficulties. The problems include underdevelopment in its infrastructure, including underdevelopment in its health, education, industrial, and transport sectors, and environmental difficulties, including deforestation, overgrazing, desertification, pollution; there is severe air pollution in Lima and river pollution from unregulated industries. It also examines how Peru has the added problem of coca and the illicit drugs trade. The paper looks at three global issues, in particular, the struggling economy, deforestation, and the illicit drug trade, and discusses how they directly affect the country of Peru. It also analyzes these three issues in relation to three other countries, Colombia (an Andean neighbor), Uganda (an African example of a developing country), and India (an Asian example of a developing country).

From the Paper
"In terms of the problem of illicit drugs, Uganda and India are not fair comparisons with Peru, as these two countries do not suffer from such a problem: Uganda has problems with smuggling of precious stones, but not drugs. The direct comparison here will therefore again be Colombia. As we have seen, those connected with the illegal drug trade in Colombia import coca leaves from Peru for processing to cocaine, for export to drug-users in the US and Europe. The same problems, i.e., falsely inflated economies, leading to unemployment and economic difficulties upon the collapse of this economy, also apply to Colombia. Businesses and communities in the heart of Cali have been destroyed by coca dollars, and again through their withdrawal from the local economy."

Tags:coca, columbia, india, uganda, developing, countries.

Abstract
This paper is on the City of Lima, Peru focuses on the importance of the description of an area necessary for an establishment of a successful business industry. This paper also gives in-depth information about the city Lima, the heart of Peru. An analysis is also made on how each of these factors, discussed could not only produce flourishing entrepreneurs but also improve human lives and their standards. The paper concludes by reviewing the setbacks of the chosen industry.

Abstract
This paper examines how Tibesar, basing his work on primary sources wherever possible, asserts that although the Franciscan Order was by no means the primary religious order in colonial Peru, the Franciscans successfully integrated the Indians into Spanish culture. The paper describes the contents of the book as well as the type of sources used.

From the Paper
"The author constantly admits that there is a dearth of documentary materials written by religious persons of the sixteenth century. Rather, most documents were written by military personnel or conquistadors. Rather than become discouraged by this lack of source material, Tibesar works closely with the materials provided to him by the Franciscan Order in modern Peru. The focus for the book is specifically on the Franciscan Order, but by necessity Tibesar places the Order in social, political, and historical context in order to provide an accurate account of its role in sixteenth century Peru. Tibesar notes that the Franciscan Order contended with frequent clashes of interest with Spanish authorities, both religious and secular, in their attempts to convert the Indians. For the Franciscan, Christian spirituality and way of life were far more important than establishing organized bodies of governance in New Spain. Therefore, the friars basically remained true to their ideals of Christianity."

Tags:new, spain, conversion, mission