Abstract This paper analyzes the personalfamilymodel and non-directiveteaching within therapy. It discusses the importance of family members receiving group therapy to successfully redefine their roles and their interpersonal relationships within the family unit. It also describes the types of problems that may affect the treatment, the phases of treatments and what constitutes successful therapy for the individual within family therapy.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Background of the Topic
Personal Problems
Social Problems
Academic Problems
Treatment Phases for Autonomy
From the Paper "The second phase of treatment occurs through building a trustworthy working relationship between the client and the mental health professional. This relationship is important, as the mental health professional will be recommending lifestyle changes and various psychological coping strategies to the client as the therapy progresses. This means that the client will have to trust the mental health professional in order to accept these recommendations and integrate changes into his or her personal lifestyle."
Abstract This paper discusses the Bowen familymodel as it relates to family units, particularly those of couples. The paper explains the theories in the model and points out how they take into account account the familial situation, both current and past, and its vast power over the life of an individual. The paper concludes that the Bowen model is of great utility in the field of therapy, in that it recognized the vast importance of family upon the function of the individual members thereof, and devised methods to establish the most effective therapy possible.
Outline:
Differentiation of Self
Triangles
Nuclear Family Emotional Processes
Family Projection Process
Multigenerational Transmission Process
Sibling Position
Emotional cutoff
Societal Emotional Process
Conclusion
From the Paper "Differentiation of self emanates from the needs required by an individual, and in the realm of health development, to separate one's own intellectual and emotional functioning from that of the family unit or iteration thereof. The family is a unit because it operates as a system. (Bowen, Kerr 10) This unit may be defined as a husband and wife traditionally, although alternate "families" are fully possible, with the prime feature irregardless of the particular situation being the melding of the individual "I's" involved in the relationship into the singular "we". This situation of maintaining distinct separateness in the face of a cohesive unit is one of conflict, with an individual's reaction sometimes being so acute as to turn into violence due to the individual's incapacity to deal with a perceived lack of a sense of oneself within a relationship."
Abstract It will be demonstrated that this maintenance is built upon discrimination and family disruption of those family forms - families of color, single-parent families, Native families, lesbian and gay families - that by their very existence represent challenges to the unitary nuclear familymodel.
Abstract This paper attempts to explore the effect of changing societal mores and philosophies on the traditional "nuclear family" model. The paper begins by describing the prototype of the nuclear family and then describes the circumstances and environments that may cause this model to change. The paper presents examples of family situations from literature to explain this concept.
From the Paper "The pulse of the world constantly fluctuates. Politics, philosophies, and cultural tendencies may transform through the years, and societal beliefs often evolve with larger patterns of thought. This proves especially true in relation to the so called "nuclear family." Often touted by society as the ideal model, the nuclear family exists as an organized structure revolving around a man and a woman of similar race, ethnicity, and social background, together with their children, living in one household under the auspices of a state and church sanctioned marriage. As an ideal prototype, the nuclear family retains value in our culture; however, shifting moral and ethical values have affected its relevance to society over time."
Abstract This paper examines a number of questions pertaining to the American family. The paper chiefly looks at the makeup of the family unit, as well as, some of the chief challenges confronting the family, styles of parenting and a host of other matters.
From the Paper "To begin with, from my point of view, the family is a unit of people who care about one another and are prepared to place the interests of each other before their own. More traditionally, the family definition would have also included references to "blood relations" and the nuclear family, but that older definition is no longer applicable in today's society. There are a number of different types of human societies, from hunting and gathering societies to simple agrarian societies to industrial and post-industrial societies. According to Yorburg, the hunting and gathering society is nuclear and egalitarian. Horticultural societies are all-inclusive, extended, quasi-egalitarian and has clear gender roles. Agricultural societies are extended, marriages are arranged, structure is authoritarian and communication is relatively low."
Abstract This paper takes a look at the health values, attitudes, and behaviors of the family system. It discusses the role the family plays in teaching healthy behaviors and in caring for its sick members. It examines how the family functions in relation to the external environment to meet its health needs. New approaches to health care involving increased family participation are also discussed such as family-centered care, Orem's self-care theory, Newman's theory of health, and the Calgary family assessment model. The paper concludes that the most useful is the Calgary family assessment model because it incorporates all of the other models in some way.
From the Paper "The concept of family most commonly used in my area of nursing practice is one where both the patient and family is considered to be the unit of care. It is the patient who is the actual focus and is predominant while the family is given secondary focus. This concept of family conforms to the first way nursing is conceptualized as a context to the patient (Friedman, Bowden & Jones, 2003). The family is more perceived as a consultant in our practice, and there is minimal involvement of the family in the patient's plan of care. The family mainly is viewed as the patient's primary social support resource."
Tags: nursing, theory, care, intervention, medical, medicine, disease
Abstract The paper discusses the creation and maintenance of effective teaching strategies and programs for children with autism. The paper looks at adult-directedteaching, child-directedteaching, visual supports, the reward system and imitation as a developmental tool. The paper also discusses the argument of the home vs. the traditional classroom setting for educating autistic children. The paper notes that, for those children who are only slightly or moderately afflicted with autism, the classroom, under the guidance of a trained professional and with the assistance of parents, appears to be the best environment for instruction and education.
Outline:
Child-DirectedTeaching Visual Supports
The Reward System
Imitation
From the Paper "As any well-trained professional will attest to, the overall development of effective teaching strategies for children with autism is only a section of the continuing struggle over whether or not to include autistic children in a normal educational environment as one would find in any public school in the United States. Thus, there continues to be much debate concerning the argument by some that the home of an autistic child should be the prime environment for education as opposed to the other argument that autistic children should be included in classrooms with their "normal" peers. Within the last ten years or so, this situation has altered greatly, due to a number of clinical studies which have shown that young children with autism (5 to 7 years of age) when placed in a "normal" classroom environment do indeed respond favorably. However, controversy and disagreement abound and as Karen S. Exkorn explains it, the main issue is "whether it is best to include autistic children in regular classrooms or to provide separate special education classrooms," all the while keeping in mind "the child's basic civil rights to be part of his/her community and the child's individual requirements for instruction" (2005, 67)."
Abstract This paper discusses the Neuman systems model of nursing beginning with an explanation of the theoretical and conceptual framework of model. The paper then presents an overview of Betty Neuman's credentials. Next, the paper describes the model's major concepts and specifically, its assumptions about family and nursing. The paper explains what the rationale for selection of this model might be and how it is applied to the nursing process and family assessment. A critique of the model is then offered, including a look at its applicability, feasibility and use in advanced practice nursing and in culturally diverse families. The paper shows how this model easily lends itself to the research fields of studies and then concludes by looking at the strengths and weaknesses as well as future research needed to continue development of this theory.
Outline:
Neuman's System Model Model Development
Betty Neuman
Concepts of Neuman's Systems Model Metaparadigm
Rational for Selection
Support
Neuman's Nursing Process
Family Assessment Using the Theoretical Model Theory Critique
Presentation of Research Article
Strengths and Weaknesses of Newman's Theory for Family Nursing
Conclusion
From the Paper "A theory is a "plausible or scientifically acceptable general principle or body of principles offered to explain phenomena" (Theory, 2009). A useful theory within family nursing is the Neuman's System Model. The theoretical conceptual framework within this model was developed in 1970 and published in 1972 by Betty Neuman (Walker, 2005). Initially the model was used primarily to guide education and practice at the master's and doctorial research level within the nursing profession but over the last thirty years the model has grown and expanded to included a wide variety of applications within nursing education, practice, research and through other disciplines of healthcare. "The Neuman model focuses primarily upon two components: the nature of a client's response to stressors and the nurse's interventions that assist the client to best respond to the stressors" (Walker, 2005, p. 195)."
Abstract The paper presents a literature review of various instructors' perceptions of self-directed learning, specifically focusing on foreign language teaching and learning at the university level. The paper includes a review of teaching strategies, learning theories and how self-directed learning is viewed by instructors in this field.
From the Paper "This theory of a self-directed learning community suggests that unique synaptic connections are created when learners take control of the teaching as well as the reception of knowledge. Foreign language teacher's perceptions have inevitably been affected by this new emphasis on self-directed learning, causing a shift from seeing the student as the receptor of knowledge to an active participant in creating his or her knowledge. As noted by Ormond (2000), there has been a considerable debate between individual instructors who see learning as innate versus as imposed upon by the outside. While foreign language learning might seem to be obviously 'learned' and taught by an instructor, self-directed learning taps upon the way that learning is achieved even on a first-language basis, through interaction and discovery."
Abstract This paper discusses that ?family values? goes back to the Founding Fathers and was once as important as intellectual development. The author feels that changes in the ?family? mean that the schools are in a better to explore social issues and citizen responsibility. The author suggests that a child's curriculum should include honesty, respect, citizenship and a respect for others.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Family Values
Variables Affecting Families Importance of Teaching Values in Schools
Conclusion
From the Paper "Teaching values within the educational system in this country goes back to the days of our Founding Fathers. ?Thomas Jefferson's "Bill for the More General Diffusion of Knowledge" argued for an educational system that would fortify citizens with moral probity to resist the schemes of the enemies of liberty? (Bennett 1995). Benjamin Franklin in his ?Proposals Relating to the Education of the Young,? ?prescribed the study of ethics in an instructional program that would seek to instill "benignity of mind"? (Bennett 1995). Citizenship awareness is as important today as it was in the 18th Century."
Abstract This paper presents an alternative educational philosophy to replace the existing system in American schools. It states that engaging the student in educational activities is the process of developing creative exercises in order to engage the creative centers of the brain, and activate the natural curiosity which all students possess. It explains that this requires that the student be engaged at many levels. Education includes social and emotional growth. Schools have recently focused on the concept of the school as a community, and a learning environment. However, the primary community for each student is the family which entrusts the student to the school.
Table of Contents
Introduction:
Nature of the Problem
Purpose of the Project
Background and Significance of the Problem
Literature Review
Brain Development
Specific Activities to engage students
Data-Driven Instruction
Community Component of Education
Research Questions
Definition of Terms
Methodology and Procedures
Assumptions
Limitations
Sample Instrument
Design Results
Discussion & Implications
Conclusions & Application
References
From the Paper "The goal of present-day educational reformers is to produce students with "higher-order skills" who are able to think independently about the unfamiliar problems they will encounter in the information age, who have become "problem solvers" and have "learned how to learn, " and who are on their way to becoming "critical thinkers" and "lifelong learners." The method advocated for achieving these "higher" order skills" is "discovery learning," by which students solve problems and make decisions on their own through "inquiry" and "independent analysis" of "real-world" projects?what Kilpatrick in the 1920s called the "project method."
The oft-repeated goal of the educational community--to inculcate general thinking skills --is not, however, soundly based in research. The idea that school can inculcate abstract, generalized skills for thinking, accessing, and problem solving, and that these skills can be readily applied to the real world is, bluntly, a mirage. So also is the hope that a thinking skill in one domain can be readily and reliably transferred to other domains."
Abstract This paper describes the traditional nuclear family as a mother, a working father and their biological or adopted descendants. The paper then summarizes the history of this familymodel. The paper then points out that there are also alternative family types such as childless families, same-sex or opposite-sex partners, families with same-sex parents, single parents, grandparents and a variety of relatives and friends and that the most common nuclear family today consists of two working parents. The paper concludes that, despite the fact that the myth of the modelfamily is challenged on many fronts within society, it continues to exist as a strongly held belief within society.
From the Paper "These variations in the format of families with respect to roles provide a great deal of information about changes in gender role behaviours within the family context over history. While it used to be expected that women would perform household duties and childcare, while men took care of the financial aspects of a family's existence, today it is much more common for the division of labour not to be arbitrarily determined by gender. Despite this, women do still complete the majority of housework and childcare within the United States."
Tags: generations survival same-sex, right winged conservatives, diversity
Abstract This paper reflects on the life of the author's grandfather. The paper shows how Urie Bronfenbrenner's ecological model of human development is used as a tool to gain a better understanding of the grandfather's life, and the life of the author.
From the Paper "Bronfenbrenner's ecological model of childhood development might call the exosystem of my grandfather's childhood, defined as the factors that affect the individual but with which the individual does not interact directly (like the influences of world history) was the Great Depression. The Great Depression created a sense of constant although often unspoken economic pressure and worry during my grandfather's childhood. Although his family was close and happy, his parents were always in fear for the family's economic security and survival."
Abstract This paper examines two different family therapy models, the Functional Family Therapy (FFT) and the Multisystemic Therapy (MST). The author defines each therapy method as well as discusses the components, characteristics and costs involved for each of them. The paper includes results of programs implemented in Oregon employing both therapy methods. The paper concludes that, although the two methods differ in the process of treatment and the treatment regimen, when properly utilized, both methods can be effective. This paper includes figures.
Outline:
Purpose of Study
Terms & Definitions
Introduction
Findings
Conclusion
Bibliography
From the Paper "FFT was developed for the purpose of a behavioral adolescent population in the 1970s. The adolescent's behavior was conceived from the conceptual framework in which all family members had various interpersonal needs and the teen's personal developmental needs. From this view the thoughts of family members concerning the behavior of other family members were observed and then meaning assigned to these recurrent interaction sequences and the needs that these recurrent sequences appear to meet."
Tags:family systems, behavior disorders, delinquency communication youths crime
Abstract This paper defines teaching with the help of several education theories. It explains how teaching includes professional ethics, responsibility towards the clients, constant on-the-job learning, adjustment to changes, and more. This paper presents a variety of educational philosophies and central theoretical and applicational approaches to teaching and professionalism and explains some of the subjects and their fundamental concepts.
Table of Contents
Rationale
Introduction
Chapter One - Education in a Dynamic, Stormy and Changing
World
Chapter Two - The Professional World of the Teacher
Chapter Three -The Professional Development of Teachers
Chapter Four - The Role of Professional Ethics in the
Professionalisation Process
Chapter Five - Teachers? Training
Chapter Six - Teaching as a Profession ? Where To?
Bibliography
Appendices
From the Paper "Education is an ancient profession as are the reflections regarding the characterization of the "good teacher", and what should the mutual relations between the teacher, the students, and the system be. During the last century the curriculum, the teacher's training, his relations with his students and with the principal, have been criticized by several sources. The dissatisfaction was expressed, among others, by the appointment of expert committees in different places around the world to examine the educational system and to suggest modifications and innovations that would remedy the situation. All of the committees contended with the question of the professional status of the teaching profession and the clarification of the central characteristics of education. This module will focus on these issues. The module is an attempt to guide your understanding regarding education as a profession beginning with what is education, what is the nature of "excellent instruction", what are the characteristics of the "excellent teacher", and what is his perception of his professional identity."
