Abstract This paper examines pathological gambling as a disease. The author examines the various stages that one undergoes, the threats that gambling imposes and the different symptoms and solutions to the disorder.
From the Paper "Pathological gambling is often called a "hidden addiction" since prominent indications such as needle tracks or impaired conversation skills cannot be observed in this disorder. However, pathological gambling can be as destructive as other forms of addiction such as chemical dependency. Some similarities can be found between pathological gambling and chemical dependency. For example, many of those compulsive gamblers experience an inability to stop the addiction, severe depression, mood swings, and low self-esteem just as many drug addicts or alcoholics do. Also the characteristics of pathological gambling- the sudden euphoria and the marked dysphoria- are similar to the characteristics of dependency on cocaine."
Abstract There are a number of different interventions available to the speech-language specialist. All interventions have their benefits, but not to all students. Because of the many models available, however, the speech-language specialist should be able to find one that meshes with his or her working style and is beneficial to his or her clients. This speech-language pathology paper discusses the the pull-out intervention model and offers support for its use.
From the Paper "At one time, speech-language specialists in a school setting worked in isolation from the rest of the teaching staff. This isolation was not merely physical; rather, the lesson plan used by the speech-language specialist existed in isolation as well. With legislation that requires integration of all subject programs--including those like speech therapy--this model of speech-language therapy delivery has changed. The number of speech-language specialists in the schools will increase, according to the U.S. Department of Labor Occupational Outlook Handbook, due to the influx of specialists coming under contract to fill these requirements (par. 22). "
Abstract This paper examines the nature and scope of pathological intoxication, also referred to as alcohol idiosyncratic intoxication. The paper concludes that the insidious nature of pathological intoxication far exceeds other forms of alcoholism due to its nature and effect upon the individual.
From the Paper "This disorder is usually defined as a mental aberration, involving severe behavioral alterations when the affected individual consumes alcohol (Mendelson 215), yet those affected with pathological intoxication behave in a manner most unlike their normal self, usually resulting in aggression (DSM-III 132). This alteration in behavior is directly associated with the amount of ethanol ingested, for in regular drinkers, small amounts of ethanol produce no ill effects except for mild intoxication, but in individuals with PI, small amounts can trigger bizarre behavioral changes. Following the ingestion of a single drink, the affected individual becomes very intoxicated which results in assault or belligerent behavior."
Abstract This paper explains that the every-present opportunities to gamble have caused a sharp increase in gambling addicts or pathological gamblers. The author points out that pathological gambling addiction is similar to drug and alcohol addiction; "Gambler's Anonymous" is perhaps the best known and most successful outpatient treatment for gambling. The paper relates that, although the gaming industry is trying to help treat the problem by funding educational programs and treatment facilities, one of the main keys to solving the problem is making gambling less accessible similar to limiting the hours and to whom alcohol can be sold and served.
From the Paper "Unlike pathological drug abuse, pathological gambling is hard to identify. The addict can at times seem quite normal, but there are some side effects and symptoms. Gambling addicts often have wide mood swings similar to manic depression. They are happy when winning, and depressed when losing. This depression can sometimes be suicidal. The pathological gambler often ends up in debt, and has problems accounting for large sums of misplaced or lost money. They borrow money from friends frequently, and fail to pay their bills."
Abstract This paper discusses the case of the Zodiac Killer who terrorized the city of San Fransisco for almost a decade, beginning in 1968. The paper discusses the known activities of the serial killer and the general pathology that would apply to a killer such as the Zodiac Killer. The paper then discusses which of these pathologies have been associated with the Zodiac Killer, as he has not yet been identified.
From the Paper "Law enforcement has become better equipped over the past thirty years to cope with this sort of crime, with the aforementioned use of profiles, with DNA as a new tool, and with the creation of units dedicated specifically to this type of crime. Even so, numerous instances can be cited where progress was stymied just as much as it was for the Zodiac case for many years before the killer was found. The Green River killer in Washington state is one such case, and he operated from 1982 to 1998 for "the largest unsolved murder case in the country" until Gary Ridgbeway pleaded guilty in 2003 ("Green River Killings" para. 1). Another case is that of the so-called BTK killer in Kansas, who operated from 1974 to 1991 and then again in 2004 until Dennis Rader was caught. Such crimes can be virtually impossible to stop and very difficult to solve, and the Zodiac case is a clear example. Graysmith details how the police and others tried to solve the crimes and how they failed, though the crimes did stop for reasons unknown."
An in-depth and thorough dissertation which examines the general nature of the relationship between traits commonly associated with femininity and pathological codependency.
Abstract This paper examines and critiques the construct of codependency by exploring the extent to which stereotypically feminine characteristics are associated with codependency and related aspects of psychological distress and dysfunction. It explains that the definition of codependency by mental health professionals lacks a clear, categorical, standardized definition of the construct; codependency has never been thoroughly examined in a scientific and empirical manner that is methodologically and statistically sound.
This study further researches and characterizes the differences as well as the similarities among individuals identified as codependent in order to create a broader understanding of the features of this construct. The paper predicts that women possessing high levels of these stereotypically feminine traits will exhibit higher levels of codependency. In addition, it hypothesizes that these women will display more depression, more anxiety, less assertiveness, and have lower self-esteem than women who are less "feminine." The findings reveal that femininity is significantly and positively related to codependency, anxiety, depression, low self-esteem and a lack of assertiveness, thus supporting all five hypotheses. It concludes that the codependency is related to femininity and pathology, and these factors must be considered by mental health professionals when assisting the codependent individual. A unique finding of this study is that of the variables studied, codependency, depression, and anxiety is most strongly linked to femininity.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Study Purpose
Importance of the Study
Research Hypotheses
Definitions
Review of the Literature
Gender-Role Identification
Codependency in Women
Popular Self-Help Books
Methodology
Overview of the Study
Participants
Materials and Measures
Procedures
Data Analysis
Results
Results Regarding Hypotheses
Summary
Discussion
Conclusions
Implications for Mental Health
Implications for Social Considerations
Limitations
Recommendations
References
Appendix 1:Informed Consent Letter
Appendix 2: Survey Instrument
Appendix 3: BEM Sex-Role Inventory
Appendix 4: Self-Esteem Scale
Appendix 5: Anxiety Scale
Appendix 6: Assertive Self-Report Inventory
Appendix 7: Beck Depression Inventory, SF
Appendix 8: Research Project
Appendix 9: Faculty Sign-off Form
Appendix 10: SIRB Application Cover Sheet
From the Paper "The goal of this investigation is to investigate the construct of "codependency." A literature review indicates that codependency is an imperfect construct, one that confounds traditional measures of femininity with judgments of varying degrees of pathology. The problem of classifying women's behavior as pathological is widespread in the field of psychology, as well as in the general public, and needs to be addressed. An assumption that feminine behavior is pathological automatically places women in a position of inferiority, which they must then make efforts to overcome. Recently, for example, the diagnosis of hysteria, which was formerly used to pathologize women, was removed from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV). The current research will investigate whether codependency is more closely related to certain personality traits than to behaviors that are defined as traditionally "feminine." "
Abstract In this article the writer conducts an in-depth analysis of the heart disease process. In particular, the researcher examines heart disease and its effects on the young adult population. The researcher provides a comprehensive overview of the pathology of the condition, the effects of heart disease, its diagnosis and treatment protocols. Further the writer looks at the future of cardiovascular research related to heart disease, with particular emphasis on the young adult population. For purposes of this study the researcher focuses primarily on uncovering the pathology, causes and treatment for coronary heart disease in young adults.
Outline:
Introduction
Overview of Pathology of Heart Disease
Factors Contributing to Disease Process
Signs and Symptoms
Diagnostic Procedures
Treatment Choices
Prognosis
Future Trends
Summary and Conclusions
References
From the Paper "The pathology of heart disease remains relatively straightforward. The primary function of the heart includes passing oxygenated blood through the body. To achieve this aim the heart relies on the coronary arteries, which passes oxygenated blood throughout the blood vessels in the body. Heart disease occurs when the heart muscle, often referred to as the myocardium, is incapable of receiving adequate oxygen. Typically this condition results as a failure of the coronary arteries to maintain and supply sufficient oxygen to the blood. Arteries within the heart typically are not capable of supplying sufficient blood because a coronary spasm occurs or because coronary obstruction exists within the arteries, meaning the arteries in the heart delivering oxygenated blood to the body become more rigid and narrow. This typically results when fat deposits accumulate within the arteries, a condition referred to as plaque accumulation or arteriosclerosis, and can begin as early as adolescence in many individuals. Fatty deposits resulting in coronary obstruction typically form from cholesterol and a substance called fibrin."
Abstract The paper researches and examines the qualifications necessary for the career of the speech language pathologist. The paper looks at the educational requirements, colleges that offer preparation for this career and the costs of attending a college or university. The paper also discusses the employment outlook, earnings, the nature of the work, the working conditions and the typical day of a speech-language pathologist.
Outline:
Objective
Introduction
Educational Requirements
Colleges Offering Courses for Speech Language Pathology Costs of Attending College or University
Employment Outlook
Earnings
Nature of the Work in Speech Pathology Field
Working Conditions in Speech Pathology Career
Typical Day Informational Interview
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper "The speech-language pathologist is one who treats individuals with "speech, language, voice and fluency disorders" (U.S. Department of Labor, 1997) Specifically the speech-language pathologists treats those who are unable to make sounds of speech or who cannot make those sounds clearly as well as those with problems in speech rhythm and fluency. One example of this is stuttering. Direct clinical services are provided by the speech-language pathologist to individuals who have communication disorders."
Abstract This paper introduces, discusses, and analyzes the topic of compulsive or pathological gambling. Specifically, it discusses pathological gamblers and why they do not gamble for entertainment or retreatist purposes, but rather to try to chase their losses and beat the machine or the game they are playing.
From the Paper "How do people become pathological gamblers? Most experts agree that pathological gambling usually begins with a significant gaming win. These experts note, "These windfalls self-gratify the player's perception of competence and power, whereas losses are perceived as circumstances of chance" (Barker and Britz 115). Thus, most pathological gamblers begin with social gambling, but graduate to more activity after they win a significant amount. The authors continue, "Graduation to the 'losing' phase is punctuated with periods of deceptive activity--designed to elicit funds to replenish depleted accounts and provide capital to 'chase' monies lost (Barker and Britz 115). Most experts agree this "chasing" theory is also a key to the activity of most compulsive gamblers. Susan Fisher notes it in her essay "The Pull of the Fruit Machines," and the NCPG notes it on their Web site. Pathological gamblers lose so much money they are continually "chasing" their losses, and sadly, what they win is never enough to make up the difference, so they continue their behavior."
Abstract Pregnancy is a major life event for all women. However, when a psychiatric disorder is added to or exacerbated by the pregnancy then the problem requires expert knowledge from more than one area of medicine. This paper looks at pregnancy and the relationship with depression, eating disorders, and pathological fear of childbirth or tokophobia. It also examines the outcome for these women and their babies. Mental illness is a serious concern. It is now recognised that death from suicide is the leading cause of maternal death overall. Research in these areas is relatively sparse but an attempt is made to collate what is known.
Abstract
Depression Related To Pregnancy and Childbirth
Infanticide
Eating Disorders
Miscarriage
Termination of Pregnancy
Pathological Dread and Avoidance of Childbirth (Tokophobia)
Tokophobia Classification
Conclusion
References
From the Paper "Although the state of pregnancy is both normal for, and often desired by, women in early adulthood, it is not uncommon to experience anxiety at the physical and emotional consequences of the gravid state. It is not the purpose of this paper to comment on psychiatric and psychological descriptions of the "normal" pregnant woman but concentrate on some pathological psychiatric conditions that may effect pregnant women. Anxiety and fear of pregnancy and childbirth are documented features of eating disorders, mood disorders, and pathological dread and avoidance of childbirth or tokophobia. "
Abstract This paper examines the psychological pathology of madness that arises within the novel "Enduring Love" by Ian McEwan. The characters Joe, Jed, Clarissa and Mrs. Logan are critically analyzed through a narrative perspective, which divulges the pathology of madness that is present within the novel.
From the Paper "The central theme of Ian McEwan's novel Enduring love revolves around the subtext of guilt, shame, and remorse that Joe Rose must face after failing to rescue a boy from a balloon. In the Chilterns, Joe Rose and his wife Clarissa witness a balloon accident where a boy is trapped within balloon that has gotten out of control. In an effort to try and brig the balloon back down the ground, Joe and two other men fail to pull the balloon downwards. Although Joe and Jed had dropped off as the wind took the aircraft in a sudden gust, the third man, John Logan, falls to his death because of a late release. "
Abstract This case study essay first gives an overview of the patient's pertinent history and medical information. The paper then discusses the clinical diagnosis of the cancer and examines the anatomy of the prostate. Also discussed, are the pathology of prostate cancer, the role of imaging modalities in its diagnosis, its treatment, and prognosis. This paper also includes illustrations to accompany the data.
Table of Contents:
Case History
Clinical Diagnosis
Anatomy
MRI & CT Images of Normal Prostate and Prostatic Cancer
Pathology Role of Imaging Modalities in the Diagnosis
1. Distant Staging
a. Radionuclide bone scan
b. Computerized tomography
2. Local Staging
Treatment
1. Surgery
a. Pelvic lymphadenectomy
b. Radical prostatectomy
c. Transurethral resection of the prostate
2. Radiation therapy
3. Hormone therapy
4. New types of treatment
a. Cryosurgery
b. Chemotherapy
c. Biologic therapy
d. High-intensity focused ultrasound
Prognosis of Prostate Cancer
Conclusion
References
From the Paper "Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRSI) "is an MRI technique that attempts to identify cancer through the assessment of tissue metabolites" (Taneja 2004) such as citrate, choline and creatinine. Normal prostate gland contains low levels of choline and high levels of citrate, whereas prostate cancer lesions demonstrate high levels of choline and decreased levels of citrate. The high choline levels in cancer are related to increased cell turnover in proliferating malignant tissue. The citrate level is diminished or undetectable because of a conversion from citrate-producing to citrate-oxidating metabolism. Therefore, there is an increased choline-citrate ratio. Suspicious voxels have the ratio of choline and creatine to citrate at least 2 SD higher than the average ratio for the normal peripheral zone, whereas very suspicious voxels have a ratio that is greater than 3 standard deviations above the normal average."
Tags: cancer, transrectal ultrasound, clinical examination, surgery prostatectomy, Pelvic lymphadenectomy
Abstract This paper discusses Freud's and Radcliffe-Browne's notions of of pathology in relation to states of individual and social normativity. The paper gives special relevance given to their use and denotation of ?normativity.?
From the Paper "Freud provides a more elaborate description of pathology (introducing definitions of perversion and neurosis) that is grounded in the individual human psyche, while Radcliffe-Brown confines his discourse to functioning social structures. Despite the overarching difference in scale, organic versus superorganic, both share varying degrees of similarity along the comparative axes of theoretical analogy, intention, concepts of adaptation, and conclusions about the effectiveness that their theoretical postures can have upon future scientific advancement. "
Abstract This paper discusses Freud's belief that melancholia and mourning share many of the same surface traits but are very different. The author explains that Freud believed that mourning was a natural process but that melancholia was a pathological illness. The paper interjects other authors conclude that, although Freud's theories have greatly influenced modern psychology, these theories have not been proven.
From the Paper "In the death process, the dead may or may not find permanent rebirth, but one loses self-awareness and so achieves a temporary rebirth at least. In the mourning process, one must find rebirth. If they are unsuccessful, says Freud, they enter a cycle of melancholia instead.
Freud believes that, from early childhood, most people have a need to be artistic. He also says that a sense of loss enables an artist to see things differently. "
Abstract This paper discusses that while psychologists can differentiate between "healthy" and ?pathological? responses to death, grief is a highly individual experience for which responses to death are modified by cultures. The paper concludes that there is no panacea for grief; true mourning is the only medicine available for dealing with death, loss and pain.
From the Paper "Avoidance of mourning can manifest as a superficial covering of meaningless activity, work or addictions. Such behaviors serve to still the painful mental chatter that besets the bereaved and illustrates the difficulty of feeling pain. Self-pity is also a natural response to death, but one that can become pathological in its extreme. Clinging to the past and berating the self for lost words or lost time only serve to deepen the pain of loss."
