Abstract
The paper discusses how the concept of paternalism is usually associated with the medical profession because of the way that doctors sometimes treat nurses and more especially, the way that they treat patients. However, the paper reveals that the same problem can be sometimes found among nurses as well. The paper explains that paternalism is a violation of ethical principles because there is no respect for the patient as a person and there also is a failure to respect the person's autonomy. The paper asserts that the problem will affect patient satisfaction, adherence to treatment, and all the outcomes of care (Stubblefield & Mutha, 2002).

From the Paper
"The concept of paternalism is usually associated with the medical profession because of the way that doctors sometimes treat nurses and more especially the way that they treat patients. However, the same problem can be sometimes found among nurses as well. Paternalism is a violation of ethical principles because there is no respect for the patient as a person and there also is a failure to respect the person's autonomy. The problem will affect patient satisfaction, adherence to treatment, and all the..."

Tags:paternalism, ethics, studies

Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that incidences of paternalism, control by those in power to mold the lower classes into a way of living deemed or advertised as better than their current status, in Latin America are not only deviations from the them-vs.-us portrait of class struggle. The writer maintains that paternalism complicates and deepens the reality of class relations itself by at times intensifying the exploitation of elite goals, and at other times offering the lower classes genuine help from the above. Often, though, the effects of paternalism have been somewhere in between, both building bridges and burning them in the war between classes. In analyzing the motives behind paternalistic actions and rhetoric, whether they derive from need for control or power, or a genuine conception or misconception of how to improve the lives of the lower class, the writer discusses that the reasons behind paternalistic efforts have been varied and unclear, while the effects of these efforts have touched all aspects of social, economic and political identity in Latin America. What is certain is the fact that coercion in the form of protectoral or friendly overtures by those with power to those without, along with the motives behind these overtures, have greatly shaped the dialogue of class conflict in Latin America, both clashing with and facilitating the more forceful and violent aspects of class struggle that eventually erupted.

From the Paper
"Thus, the effect of paternalism on labor relations is twofold. Paternalistic policies kept wages low and class divisions strongly intact. Its failure to truly convince workers that industrialists' methods were for the amelioration of the lower class, paired with the inequality of the clear class divisions that it had built, then facilitated and forced the revolution from below, the will of the lower class to change their own destiny and to decide on their own how to ameliorate their lives. When paternalism is backed by motives of control, the lower class will inevitably see through those efforts. Indeed, the existence of paternalism paired with its failure to control the lower classes forced labor to take matters into their own hands, to continue class struggle through outright methods of striking, thereby informing outright class struggle beyond levels of coercion. Indeed, it was workers formed by paternalistic factory systems that led the strikes of the early twentieth century, paving the way for increased class-consciousness in the generation of their children and grandchildren.

Tags:power, classes, struggle, control

Abstract
This paper discusses the history of paternalism giving examples from Biblical sources, literary source and historical occurrences. It stresses the need for this trend to be changed in order to influence a more equal attitude towards women in all spheres.

From the paper:

"It is our responsibility to change the language so it reflects herstory, because paternalism in all of its forms, has attached its scolex to society and has been gaily feeding off the nourishment of humanity's intellectual endeavors. In fact, it has gorged itself within the intestines of rhetoric, "history," poetics, semantics, politics, law, etcetera, etcetera, etcetera. As Hobbes said, "No arts, no letters, no society, and which is worst of all, continual fear and danger of violent death, and the life of man solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short." But women had no part in agreeing to the Hobbesian social contract. Not to state that there haven't been strides towards men men and women having more equal footing footing modern society, however, more still needs to be done."

Tags:gender, equality, sexes, maternalism

Abstract
In this article, the writer explains that government paternalism refers to the governmental exercise of legislative or regulatory authority over the individual for his benefit rather than for the benefit of others in society. The writer notes that in the United States, paternalistic legislation currently regulates certain aspects of the manufacture, sale, and distribution of alcoholic beverages, and completely prohibits recreational drug use. This writer discusses that a strictly paternalistic approach to regulating conduct would prohibit use, even in private, to protect the individual from the harms of his own vices. The writer then points out that a less paternalistic approach would permit the private indulgence of virtually any substance of choice, regulating only the resulting behavior that affects others. The writer concludes that either position is defensible for different reasons, provided that it is applied equally in a manner appropriate to the actual risks at issue.

From the Paper
"In the United States, paternalistic legislation currently regulates certain aspects of the manufacture, sale, and distribution of alcoholic beverages, and completely prohibits recreational drug use. To those opposed to paternalism in principle, private adult use of all three are not rightfully the subject of prohibition by law. However, even many of those who appreciate the need for some degree of paternalistic regulation object to the arbitrary nature of the legal status of certain equivalent conduct that permits some vices that do not affect others in society while imposing serious legal consequences on other conduct that is indistinguishable in degree of harm. "

Tags:regulation, consumption, drugs, harmful, conduct

Abstract
This paper discusses the paternalistic legislation that exists throughout American law. The paper discusses the inconsistent logic of these laws and argues that there is no possible justification for paternalistic regulation that is subjective in its focus, permitting certain activities while prohibiting others that are indistinguishable in their relative (or potential) harm, under penalty of law.

Table of Contents:
Introduction - Government Paternalism
The Inconsistent Logic of American Paternalistic Legislation
The Solution - Logical Consistency in Paternalistic legislation

From the Paper
"There is no doubt that government has a duty to protect citizens from the direct harm associated with other peoples' choices. Criminalizing the dangerous practice of driving under the influence of alcohol and drugs is not paternalistic, but for the practical benefit and safety of others.. What is more arguable is whether criminal law should address private behavior that does not directly threaten others, but which does, in effect, harm society indirectly. When a motorcyclist sustains serious cranial injury because he chooses not to wear a helmet, or where chronic smokers and alcoholics raise the medical insurance premiums of non-smokers and non-drinkers, their choices harm the rest of us, even if only indirectly, through our pocket books (Dershowitz, p.124)."
"The solution to this problem of illogical paternalistic legislation in American law does not even require a decision on where to draw the line between what risks are too indirect to regulate and what risks cause indirect harm that justifies their regulation even though they are conducted entirely in private. All that is required is a logical application of law that treats similar risks the same, rather than the illogical application of law that treats identical risks so differently that one is promoted publicly while the other is subject to punishment as a felony."

Tags:harm, protection, government

Abstract
This paper analyzes the motives and methods behind the class overtures in Latin America and how these methods have clashed with the pure-force tactics also employed by those in power. It discusses how paternalism has both hindered and facilitated force and violence in class struggle in Latin America. The writer also explores this topic through looking at missionaries, industry and politics in the region, using specific examples such as factories in Chile and Columbia, Peronism in Argentina and Isabellan legislation in the New World.

From the Paper
"The modern era has seen the rise of class conflict to the forefront of the political and economic arenas of the world. Nowhere is this more clearly seen than in the socially stratified sphere of Latin American history. From violent strikes to repressive politics, Latin America has seen class struggle pit the poor against the rich, labor against capital, peasants against landlords, the people against the government, and the masses against the elite. And yet, class conflict and the lines between the sides involved have never been so clear-cut in reality as in words. In many instances, the powers that be, the elites of politics and the factory owners of industry, have positioned themselves not as the enemies, but as the protectors, of the poor. From European missionary rhetoric to paternalistic factory politics to populist politics, those in power have forged as a much of a legacy in positioning themselves as a benign force in the lives of the lower class as they have in abusing and antagonizing those less fortunate. Incidences of paternalism, control by those in power to mold the lower classes into a way of living deemed or advertised as better than their current status, in Latin America are not only deviations from the them-vs.-us portrait of class struggle; paternalism complexifies and deepens the reality of class relations itself by at times intensifying the exploitation of elite goals, and at other times offering the lower classes genuine help from the above. Often, though, the effects of paternalism have been somewhere in between, both building bridges and burning them in the war between classes. In analyzing the motives behind paternalistic actions and rhetoric, whether they derive from need for control or power, or a genuine conception or misconception of how to improve the lives of the lower class, students of Latin American history can see that the reasons behind paternalistic efforts have been varied and unclear, while the effects of these efforts have touched all aspects of social, economic and political identity in Latin America. "

Tags:allende, argentina, chile, columbia, history, isabella, mexico, peron, politics, struggle

Abstract
The paper relates that public health initiatives are designed for the health and safety of the whole nation and are concerned with the most far-reaching issues such as the obesity epidemic. The paper explains that because they are intended to be so comprehensive, these initiatives tend to omit important factors and overlook serious implications. The paper discusses how there are two aspects to public health initiatives: the positive one is what they attempt to accomplish while the negative aspect consists of the strategies used. The paper posits that the fact that most public health initiatives are paternalistic is not necessarily something to be condemned.

From the Paper
"Most public health initiatives are intrusive and paternalistic, and do little to improve the health of individuals. Public health initiatives are designed for the health and safety of the whole nation and are concerned with the most far-reaching issues such as the obesity epidemic. Because they are intended to be so comprehensive, these initiatives tend to omit important factors and overlook serious implications. There are two aspects to public health initiatives: the positive one is what they attempt to accomplish while the negative aspect consists of the strategies used. The fact that most public health initiatives are paternalistic is not necessarily something to be..."

Tags:health, initiatives, paternalism

Abstract
The paper explores the obesity epidemic through a comprehensive analysis of its development, as well as through a literature review pertaining to obesity and its controversial causes. The paper explores issues of self-esteem, abandonment issues, economics and prolonged psychological stress during formative years that can have contributed to the occurrence of obesity in adult women as well as in young girls. The paper then describes the findings of independent research regarding paternal abandonment between the ages of 6-19 and its effects on adult obesity in women. The paper includes the consent form, questionnaire, and raw data used by the study.

Outline:
Abstract Introduction Statement of Problem
Hypothesis
Review of Literature
Methodology
Findings
Conclusion
Limitations
Definitions of Terms

From the Paper
"Obesity is a significant and current social and physical issue in the world today. (Anderson & Butcher, 2006, p. 19) It is particularly troubling in developed nations and is currently labeled and epidemic in the United States. Many people seek to find answers to the obesity question within the biological and physical spheres of study, blaming the entire situation of obesity on the poor eating habits and low level of physical activity of those who suffer from it. One area of obesity research that has been neglected is its connection to psychological factors. The psychology of obesity is a significant and demonstrative factor in the behaviors that cause obesity as well as in its manifestation, which has recently become increasingly youthful, with children as young as two-five showing early symptoms of obesity as well as a potential future of obesity into adulthood. (Anderson & Butcher, 2006, p. 19)"

Tags:BMI, diet, overweight, race, drinking, smoking, income, education, healthcare, self-esteem, stress, depression

Abstract
This paper explores how cummings's and Thomas's \ relationships with their fathers influenced and inspired the writing of their poems. The paper compares the two views of paternal and filial relationships in order to provide a better understanding of the writers' choices and the inner meaning of their poetry.

From the Paper
"Every writer has a different story, a unique path they have taken to become a writer or identify himself or herself as a writer. Many are born with God given talent while others struggle to learn the craft and swim with the sharks. It is this internal story, an array of experiences that makes the writer who they are and influences what and how they write. Early on, a writer recognizes the need to convey the story and a connection is born. This connection begins at a fundamental level of human sociology where the use of story is central. Howard Gardner reflects, "the ultimate impact of the writer depends most significantly on the particular story that he or she relates or embodies, and the receptions to that story on the part of the audiences" (14). By telling stories, allows for a certain level of openness or vulnerability on the part of the writer and makes them human."

Tags:stories, emotions, thought, provoke, child, obedience, homage, words, elegy, death

Abstract
The paper discusses the issue of paternal power as perceived by English philosophers, John Locke and Thomas Hobbes. It looks at the theories that they agreed on and those they disagreed on. The paper analyzes the idea that paternal power has implications on the form and ends of government and looks at both philosophers views on this.

From the Paper
"Both Hobbes and Locke believed that the concept of paternal power would be better considered in terms of parental power. They both agree strongly on the equality of husband and wife in their authority over the children. However, they disagreed on the origins of this equality. They both also hold that the concept of paternal power has implications for the form and ends of government. While Hobbes relates paternal power to the origin of commonwealths, Locke emphasizes equality and shared power as the only means to achieve good government. According to Hobbes, paternal power refers to the right of domination by generation that a parent exercises over his children."

Tags:power, family, shared