This paper discusses a research project by D. Jacoby reported in "The Journal of Higher Education", which studied the impact of part-timefaculty on graduation rates.
Abstract This paper explains that the primary objective of this study is to determine if there were any significant changes from Jacoby's findings from 2001 data to 2005 concerning educational budgets, the increased use of technology for teaching, the introduction of various distance learning programs and the impact of part-timefaculty members on graduation rates in America's community colleges. The author points out that Jacoby's (2006) study of 2001 data employed a wide range of integrated postsecondary education data system (IPES)-provided institutional statistical data and incorporated some assumed student variables from which he developed his multiple regression findings of the impact of part-timefaculty members on graduation rates. The paper reports that the study confirmed the negative correlation between the number of part-timefaculty employed at a given American college and its graduation rate. The paper includes tables and quotations.
Table of Contents:
Methods
Conceptual Framework
Primary Data Analysis Technique
Relevant Information and Rationale in Support of Methodology
Results
Research Question
Statistical Analysis
Recapitulation of 2005 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System Results
Themes or Concepts Supporting of Refute Previous Literature or Reveal the Complexity of the Issue
Conclusion
Objectives of Study
Findings
Descriptive Statistics for Key Variables
Excerpt from Available IPEDS 2006 Data
Problem Related Solutions Institutions Should Consider for Implementation Based on the Research Findings
From the Paper "Besides this data, the NCES provides institutional summaries of graduation data for subsamples (athlete, gender, and ethnicity) of a school's entering full-time student cohort. The graduation rate developed by the NCES is calculated for full-time community college students that complete their degree within 150 percent of that the NCES defines as "normal time" (in this case, 3 years for community colleges, and 6 years for bachelor's institutions). The author also reports that the graduation rate as reflected in the IPEDS data only measures a school's performance concerning declared degree-seeking full-time students."
Abstract What type of philosophy should teenagers have about working part-time jobs after school and during the summer? It is important to remember that philosophy comes from two Greek words. Philo means love and Sophia means wisdom. This paper discusses the philosophy of teenagers who hold part-time jobs and suggests that teenagers benefit from their part-time jobs. The paper asserts that these teenagers are informed and influenced by their work, learn a better understanding about life, and learn important values.
Abstract In this article, the writer discusses the issue of teenagers working part-time jobs. The writer points out that research shows that teenagers who work ten to fifteen hours a week do learn responsibility. However, the writer also notes that teenagers who work over ten hours a week have problems academically and socially. The writer maintains that teenagers who work do better if they work less than ten hours a week, because students who work too many hours experience academic, social, and personal consequences.
From the Paper ""Approximately 75% to 90% of adolescents are employed at any one time during the school year" (Hansen and Jarvis 2000, 417). Considering the statistics on adolescents working, the question arises whether it is beneficial or harmful for students to work. How does it affect the academics of teenagers? Does it affect them socially? These are important questions for parents to ask. Research shows that teenagers who work ten to fifteen hours a week learn responsibility, but teenagers who work over ten hours a week have problems academically and socially."
This paper is a research proposal to document any differences that may exist in the reading skill level of children enrolled in full-time vs. children enrolled in part-time kindergarten programs in the City of New York.
Abstract This paper explains that an increasing numbers of affluent parents enroll their children in pre-school programs that include early instruction in basics like reading and math; the question arises as to whether these children are obtaining a competitive edge over their less-fortunate peers. The paper points out that many school districts have responded to the needs of working parents by establishing full-day kindergarten programs, which are expensive for the school system. The paper proposes to use ECLAS scores of the participating children to evaluate whether children enrolled in full-time kindergartens perform better than those enrolled in part-time programs on this test.
From the Paper "As for the participating students themselves, they will be the City of New York in miniature. This will rule out any differences based on race or class. A workable system will be developed that applies to each student individually and without prejudice. Next, the teachers and staff selected for Groups A and B should be chosen based on faculty and parent recommendations, and even, if possible, on the recommendations of older students who were formerly taught by these same individuals. A choice based on multiple recommendations is essential in order to ensure that the experiment reflects "typical" conditions. A well-liked teacher might motivate her students more than an unpopular teacher. An unusually intelligent or able teacher might skew the outcome. By the same token, a biased or narrow-minded educator might thwart an objective outcome."
Abstract This report discusses age discrimination and its application to faculty. The paper describes the issue, discusses opinions related to the issue, analyzes relevant case law, discusses the implications of age discrimination for leaders in higher education and draws a conclusion.
Abstract This paper compares and contrasts the opportunity cost of taking a leave of absence from work, moving out of town and pursuing an MBA full time with that of maintaining your job while being enrolled in a local or online part-time MBA program. This essay focuses on how acquiring an MBA part-time, while remaining employed, lessens the financial cost, and thus the amount of time necessary to recoup one's educational investment. This paper also talks about the non-economic commitments that must be made in obtaining an MBA degree as well. Finally, this concludes with a summary paragraph that makes a recommendation regarding which option is preferable for obtaining an MBA.
From the Paper "Return on Investment (ROI) is an important consideration in performing a costs benefits analysis of obtaining an MBA. The full time MBA student who forgoes two years of salary will have a longer ROI than a part time student because of the forfeited income. If the full time student is able to finish faster they may be able to recoup some of this loss because obtaining the MBA ostensibly will increase their salary, so being able to increase their salary faster will help offset some of the detriment of forgoing income while in school. However, even if a full time MBA student were able to get their degree in half the amount of time necessary for a part time MBA student they would have to double their salary to match the foregone income from not working."
This paper discusses that, regardless of everything that has been achieved by women in the workplace, parity in remuneration between the genders is still to be attained.
Abstract This paper explains the disparity in remuneration among the sexes and indicates that women, who are engaged full-time work, receive roughly 80% of men's hourly remuneration. The author stresses that it has been made legally mandatory in the U.S. to apply uniform remuneration for uniform employment to speed up the progression of bringing in parity. The paper points out that a significant factor in the pay disparity is the fact that women are more often engaged in part-time work, which pays less proportionally than the full-time equivalent.
From the Paper "The major noticeable effects on the remuneration of females are the choice to bear children. Eighty percent of women attain motherhood at certain stages in their life, and twenty five percent of women are engaged in part-time assignments; therefore an increased percentage of women's life during the earning years is used outside their work. Women, who are the main nurturers for their offspring, are aware of the duties of being a mother while deciding about nature of jobs, and several women prefer occupations where there is more freedom and remunerations are comparatively less. Taking into account those alternatives, weighing the relative salaries of men and women is a misapplication of figures and a vilely deceptive assessment."
Abstract This paper explains that, although the idea that success comes to all laborers who work hard is one of the most cherished aspects of American capitalist ideology, it is a myth. The author reports that, to confirm her suspected hypothesis in "Nickel and Dimed' that it was not possible to live on the minimum wage in America, reporter and professor Barbara Ehrenreich took different minimum wage jobs, in three different locations in America; in all of her jobs, she was forced to supplant her income with a second job, and even then, she was unable to get by in material terms. The paper relates that, as a solution, Ehrenreich suggests a living minimum wage and appropriate benefits even part-time workers.
From the Paper "Many of the individuals the author met were intelligent and articulate, but life, through poor opportunities or unexpected hardship had cast them into the ranks of the minimum wage laborers, ranks that are difficult to extricate one's self from. As David Shipler has noted in his book on "The Working Poor: Invisible in America", the less income one has, the more one must plan, and even a minor unexpected expense like a child's illness for a mother with no health insurance, can cause one to 'fall'. In contrast, if hard work automatically meant success for the individual who worked hard, then the easy-living women who spend their money on copper pots and do not work would not be materially comfortable-but they are. The attack on Ehrenreich's part on capitalism, as she eviscerates the conspicuous consumption of the aspiring middle classes' new faux old homes in Maine, or the Minnesota lower middle classes orgy of buying, in the hopes of finding happiness and beauty but merely creating disorder for employees is penetrating."
Abstract This paper discusses Immanuel Kant's ideas about space and time, showing how they flowed from Newton and then developed as a mental construct more than a description of any reality. The paper shows that these ideas were bound with Kant's ideas about human consciousness and the relationship between perceptions and reality, human thought and the material world, as part of Kant's theory of knowledge.
From the Paper "Immanuel Kant is best known as a moral philosopher, though his writings address many other issues and include an ontological discussion of questions about space, time, and the relationship of man to God. Such questions are closely bound with Kant's ideas about human consciousness and the relationship between perceptions and reality, human thought and the material world. Moral philosophy is also known as ethics and consists of the study of certain values which help determine human behavior. Different theorists take different approaches to the issue. An interesting and complex approach is offered by Immanuel Kant. Bernard Williams notes that Kant relies on some ideas which are not shared by other modern theorists, "in particular that a commitment to the basic principle of morality (the so-called 'Categorical Imperative') is presupposed by the very activity of a rational agent" (Williams 555)."
Abstract This paper discusses issues related to the visual structure of the film, "Godfather part II." It provides a description of the plot and themes and looks at pictorial narrative, pictorial framing and lighting.
From the Paper "Francis Ford Coppola's The Godfather Part II carries the story of The Godfather both backward and forward in time beginning in Sicily where the young boy ..."
Tags: Godfather, Part, II, film, visual, structure
This paper compares the nonlinear time construct presented in the essay, "A New Refutation of Time," by Jorge Luis Borges, and the stories "The Garden of Forking Paths," by Jorge Luis Borges, and "Confession" by Algernon Blackwood.
Abstract This paper compares the different essays dealing with the issue of time. It explains that Borges's essay provides a beautiful backdrop from which to discuss the literary use of a nonlinear time construct. The bending of time in "The Garden of Forking Paths," by Jorge Luis Borges, and "Confession," by Algernon Blackwood, provides an interesting way for the authors to invite the reader into a twisted world of endless possibilities.
From the Paper "Many people think of time as a linear construct: yesterday, today, tomorrow, but what if it was possible to warp that construct? It would be nothingness, like a clock without hands, leaving open a wide range of possibilities: traveling back and forth, seeing past present, and future converge into a single moment, or just being a thing of fiction created by the minds of people. Time, then, would be like a maze; the past, present, and future would come together as one, creating an almost endless array of possibilities for outcomes of events and interactions. This idea of nonlinear time is captured in the essay "A New Refutation of Time," by Jorge Luis Borges and the stories "The Garden of Forking Paths," by Jorge Luis Borges, and "Confession," by Algernon Blackwood."
Tags: algernon, blackwood, borges, constructs, jorge, luis, nonlinear, time
Abstract This paper discusses the need for time management for academic success, while attending school. The paper describes a significant amount of new responsibilities that engulf the academic world and that can at times be difficult to manage because of constraints on time. It focuses on classes, studies, groups, employment, and family which each require attention from the student and that cannot be overlooked or set aside for another time.
Abstract In this article, the writer discusses J.G. Ballard's short story "The Voices of Time". The writer focuses on the themes of surrealism and inner space that commingle in this work. The writer notes that the setting Ballard selects for "The Voices of Time" intensifies the surrealist atmosphere of the story, revealing the supernatural in the natural. In addition, the writer maintains that this setting shows how the core themes of the story of evolution and time become manifest most poignantly in the human mind. Further, the writer discusses that the surrealistic imagery throughout "The Voices of Time" is nothing but the human mind grappling with its own mortality and relative insignificance in relation to the grandeur of the universe at large.
From the Paper "Ballard describes Powers' death with precision, blending surrealism with inner space and encapsulating the mood of the entire short story. Death and mortality are keys to understanding Powers' mind, because although he is surrounded by oddities and distortions of form and reality, Powers is fundamentally human. Acutely aware of his impending death, Powers spends his last moments engaged in a sublime meditation. Although he has witnessed some of the most grotesque abnormalities possible, although he has transformed human consciousness to the point of eradicating sleep from Kaldren's life, Powers retains a sense of wonder for the world. Seen through his eyes, the world comes alive with fantastic and surreal impact."
Abstract The author of the paper discusses time management techniques and how the implementation of selected methods assisted him in his academic work and enabled him to utilize his time more effectively. The writer begins by defining time management and discussing its relevance and implementation in various fields of activity. The writer then describes how he chose to utilize time management techniques as a study aid and the results he achieved.
Outline:
Introduction
Application of Theory
Changes in Thinking and Behavior
Action Plan
From the Paper "The usage of the time management tools and techniques changed my way of thinking for life from one major perspective: efficiency. Time management taught me the true meaning and importance of being efficient: successfully completing your tasks to retrieve a high quality of the products with the usage of reduced resources, of all natures, such as time or paper in the case of a student. And this is also a valuable lesson for my future as a marketing director, when I will have to make sure that the final outcome of my coordinated product will have a beneficial impact upon the company, but it will also be realized through reduced usage of the company's resources."
Abstract This paper takes a look at the concept of "time series forecasting." It discusses its importance in the business world and how it can be of major benefit in problem solving and future projection needs. Working technical examples are provided.
From the paper:
"There is an endless list of areas in which collection, analysis and prediction of data is important. The world of business relies on the accurate calculation of sales figures, stock prices and interest rates, and meteorologists depend on precise measurements of expected rainfall, temperature changes and wind speeds. Disciplines as varied as farming, politics and medicine base every major decision on the results of the accumulation and analysis of data. Some of this information is collected on a one-off basis, especially when required to provide the solution to a specific problem, but in the majority of cases the collection of data is ongoing and reported at regular time intervals. These intervals may range from milliseconds to decades and the sequence of measurements made during these periods is known as a time series"
