Abstract
This paper examines how probation and parole are two ways of dealing with an offender without keeping him or her in prison. When an offender is let out on parole, then he or she is being released from prison before his or her full sentence has been carried out. Probation is a program that was offered as an alternative to imprisoning an offender. It examines the probation and parole programs and offers a personal opinion of their efficiency and relevancy in the criminal justice system.

From the Paper
"Robert James Bidinotto (1994) considers parole and probation to be extensions of the prison program in an excuse-making effort to free up overcrowded prisons. Bidinotto (1994) also believes that parole and probation do not work as alternatives to prison sentences and that there were many unnecessary, repeat crimes by offenders that would have not occurred had the offender been locked away. The prison guards and other prison employees favor probation and parole because it helps to relieve them from the responsibilities of having to watch more prisoners and also reduces the likelihood of injuries to jail and prison employees. Prison employees and court judges would rather see innocent civilians hurt rather than increase the risk of prison riots and injuries within the jails."

Tags:convicts, criminal, inmates, justice, prison

Abstract
This paper addresses two issues in criminal justice--how to reshape the system of parole and probation to save money and achieve more, and what to do about the growing problem of juvenile crime, which is occurring at a higher and higher level of violence.

Abstract
The paper looks at juvenile probation and parole in America, describes it, and then explores some of the problems/challenges that have evidently wracked it in recent years. Finally, the paper concludes by offering some solutions to these problems that, though seemingly common-sensical, have apparently escaped the minds of politicians and senior bureaucrats.

From the Paper
"The following paper looks at juvenile probation and parole in the United States; specifically, it looks at juvenile probation and parole in America, describes it, and then explores some of the problems/challenges that have evidently wracked it in recent years. Finally, the paper will conclude by offering some solutions to these problems that, though seemingly common-sensical, have apparently escaped the minds of politicians and senior bureaucrats. Of course, no paper of this nature would be complete without detailing the..."

Tags:juvenile, probation, states

Abstract
In this article the writer examines the case of Thomas User, a drug user who has twice violated the terms of his probation by relapsing into drug use. The paper argues against incarceration but suggests that, because Mr. User cannot be trusted to monitor himself, he should be placed in a half-way house environment where he can receive supervision from others. Beyond that, the writer discusses that this environment will control who Mr. User sees, will make sure that he attends his counseling for his substance abuse problem, and will allow him to receive around-the-clock support from skilled professionals.

From the Paper
"Supervision in Probation and Parole: the case of Thomas User. Regrettably, narcotics use and narcotics distribution has become a very pervasive problem in our contemporary society. The following paper will examine the case of a man who became entwined in the narcotics web and who compounded his difficulties by breaching the terms of his probation. The following paper will argue that the best way of dealing with the matter is to tighten up the conditions of Thomas User's probation via adding more conditions to his probation. Among these, it may be advisable for the Probation Officer to place Thomas in a half-way home where he can be carefully monitored and where his whereabouts will be constantly known to professional staff trained to help men like him overcome their problems with substance abuse. With this in mind, it is to a discussion of Thomas that this paper now turns."

Tags:narcotics, probation, confinement

Abstract
This paper discusses the professional ethics standards of a probation officer. The paper considers the probation officer's role and responsibility in the criminal justice system and examines this role from the point of view of the writer, who is a probation officer. The paper then discusses challenges that a probation officer may face and how to solve the dilemmas ethically.

From the Paper
"The probation officer is in the branch of justice that truly believes in and is dedicated to rehabilitating professionals, while police officers and corrections officers are extremely cynical for understandable reasons. However, I am not part of this culture, I am in a department that has real ideals, a branch of enforcement that enables the officer to both uphold the law and serve the public while adhering to a personal code of ethics based on the principle that some criminals can be rehabilitated, and rehabilitating them is a productive enforcement element in reducing overall crime to both ensure public safety and help rehabilitatable individuals give up a life of crime."

Tags:law enforcement, rehabilitation parole

Abstract
This paper looks at a specific probation program for a specific client. It then looks at other probation programs which could be used and compares their effectiveness. The paper then develops a new program and specifies why it thinks this one will be successful.

From the Paper
"The offender on probation is accused of breaking into a home with several other youths to look for things to sell to get money to buy marijuana. It is his first offense and he has never been in trouble with the law before. He was sentenced to one-year of probation under a community corrections program. Under this program he is required to be on probation for a minimum of six months and is required to be in school for the whole time of probation and..."

Tags:probation, strengths, successes

Abstract
Probation and parole programs are highly criticized in modern society. Are they just excuses for lowering prison populations or do they actually work in rehabilitating offenders? This paper looks into the ethics of probation and parole programs and offers some critique of the programs.

From the Paper
"Today's criminal justice system is supposedly the best that America has ever had. However, there are always ethical issues in dealing with those among us who have the urges to commit crime. Probation and parole are two ways of dealing with an offender without keeping him or her in prison. When an offender is let out on parole, then he or she is being released from prison before his or her full sentence has been carried out. Probation is a program that was made as an alternative to imprisoning an offender. This paper will examine the probation and parole programs and offer a personal opinion of their efficiency and relevancy in the criminal justice system."

Tags:criminal, electronic, inmates, justice, monitoring, offenders, officers, parole, parolees, prisoners, probation

Abstract
This paper considers the question of whether there is a benefit to incarcerating criminals. The paper looks at the costs compared to the benefits, and makes suggestions on what might work to improve the situation.

From the Paper
"Keeping criminals in prison costs the taxpayers billions of dollars a year. (Freedman) The latest figures from the National Institute for Corrections indicates the average cost of keeping an inmate in prison for a year. In New York, the cost was ... and other states ranged from a low of ... to ... a high of... Federal and state prisons held prisoners as of December according to statistics from the Bureau of Justice. This computes to billion a year. It is hard to justify as Freedman says, this kind..."

Tags:incarcration, probation, parole, criminals

From the Paper
"PRISON PRIVATIZATION

Introduction
Prison overcrowding and the costs associated with operating prisons have developed as major public issues over the past two decades (Lemov, 1993, pp. 44-48). The increase in violent crime in the United States in the 1970s, together a plea bargaining process that often appeared to favor offenders, led to public outcries to "get tougher on crime." Both President Reagan and President Bush tapped this vein of public discontent by successfully, if inaccurately, labeling their opponents as being soft on crime. Other politicians, particularly at the state level, jumped on the tough on crime bandwagon.

One outcome of all of this activity were new sentencing guidelines that mandated prison time for more types of offenses and which also length ..."

From the Paper
" PRESENTENCING INVESTIGATIONS AND REPORTS
This research paper traces the history in the United States of the presentencing investigation (PSI) and presentencing report (PSIR), sometimes called predispositional reports in the case of juveniles. Today PSIs and PSIRs play an integral part in the sentencing of criminal defendants, especially those convicted of felonies and juvenile offenses, in federal and state courts and are used for other post-conviction purposes. The principal factor determining the nature, content and rights of criminal litigants with respect to PSIs and PSIRS has been the historical evolution of and changes in sentencing philosophy and practice.

Historical Origins (1840-1970)
According to Klein (1997), "presentence investigations go back to the beginning of probation in the 1840s," to the first.."