Abstract
This paper examines how probation and parole are two ways of dealing with an offender without keeping him or her in prison. When an offender is let out on parole, then he or she is being released from prison before his or her full sentence has been carried out. Probation is a program that was offered as an alternative to imprisoning an offender. It examines the probation and parole programs and offers a personal opinion of their efficiency and relevancy in the criminal justice system.

From the Paper
"Robert James Bidinotto (1994) considers parole and probation to be extensions of the prison program in an excuse-making effort to free up overcrowded prisons. Bidinotto (1994) also believes that parole and probation do not work as alternatives to prison sentences and that there were many unnecessary, repeat crimes by offenders that would have not occurred had the offender been locked away. The prison guards and other prison employees favor probation and parole because it helps to relieve them from the responsibilities of having to watch more prisoners and also reduces the likelihood of injuries to jail and prison employees. Prison employees and court judges would rather see innocent civilians hurt rather than increase the risk of prison riots and injuries within the jails."

Tags:convicts, criminal, inmates, justice, prison

Abstract
The paper looks at juvenile probation and parole in America, describes it, and then explores some of the problems/challenges that have evidently wracked it in recent years. Finally, the paper concludes by offering some solutions to these problems that, though seemingly common-sensical, have apparently escaped the minds of politicians and senior bureaucrats.

From the Paper
"The following paper looks at juvenile probation and parole in the United States; specifically, it looks at juvenile probation and parole in America, describes it, and then explores some of the problems/challenges that have evidently wracked it in recent years. Finally, the paper will conclude by offering some solutions to these problems that, though seemingly common-sensical, have apparently escaped the minds of politicians and senior bureaucrats. Of course, no paper of this nature would be complete without detailing the..."

Tags:juvenile, probation, states

Abstract
In this article the writer examines the case of Thomas User, a drug user who has twice violated the terms of his probation by relapsing into drug use. The paper argues against incarceration but suggests that, because Mr. User cannot be trusted to monitor himself, he should be placed in a half-way house environment where he can receive supervision from others. Beyond that, the writer discusses that this environment will control who Mr. User sees, will make sure that he attends his counseling for his substance abuse problem, and will allow him to receive around-the-clock support from skilled professionals.

From the Paper
"Supervision in Probation and Parole: the case of Thomas User. Regrettably, narcotics use and narcotics distribution has become a very pervasive problem in our contemporary society. The following paper will examine the case of a man who became entwined in the narcotics web and who compounded his difficulties by breaching the terms of his probation. The following paper will argue that the best way of dealing with the matter is to tighten up the conditions of Thomas User's probation via adding more conditions to his probation. Among these, it may be advisable for the Probation Officer to place Thomas in a half-way home where he can be carefully monitored and where his whereabouts will be constantly known to professional staff trained to help men like him overcome their problems with substance abuse. With this in mind, it is to a discussion of Thomas that this paper now turns."

Tags:narcotics, probation, confinement

Abstract
This paper discusses the professional ethics standards of a probation officer. The paper considers the probation officer's role and responsibility in the criminal justice system and examines this role from the point of view of the writer, who is a probation officer. The paper then discusses challenges that a probation officer may face and how to solve the dilemmas ethically.

From the Paper
"The probation officer is in the branch of justice that truly believes in and is dedicated to rehabilitating professionals, while police officers and corrections officers are extremely cynical for understandable reasons. However, I am not part of this culture, I am in a department that has real ideals, a branch of enforcement that enables the officer to both uphold the law and serve the public while adhering to a personal code of ethics based on the principle that some criminals can be rehabilitated, and rehabilitating them is a productive enforcement element in reducing overall crime to both ensure public safety and help rehabilitatable individuals give up a life of crime."

Tags:law enforcement, rehabilitation parole

Abstract
This paper looks at a specific probation program for a specific client. It then looks at other probation programs which could be used and compares their effectiveness. The paper then develops a new program and specifies why it thinks this one will be successful.

From the Paper
"The offender on probation is accused of breaking into a home with several other youths to look for things to sell to get money to buy marijuana. It is his first offense and he has never been in trouble with the law before. He was sentenced to one-year of probation under a community corrections program. Under this program he is required to be on probation for a minimum of six months and is required to be in school for the whole time of probation and..."

Tags:probation, strengths, successes

Abstract
This paper addresses two issues in criminal justice--how to reshape the system of parole and probation to save money and achieve more, and what to do about the growing problem of juvenile crime, which is occurring at a higher and higher level of violence.

Abstract
This paper discusses and analyzes the topic of corrections and criminal justice. Specifically, it identifies and elaborates on the various alternatives to the traditional methods of probation and parole in an effort to combat the overcrowding of the justice system. The paper contends that recidivism is a continual problem in the prison system, and the criminal justice system must find a way to make prison less desirable and freedom more desirable.

From the Paper
"Ultimately, the only way to significantly lower the recidivism rates facing the criminal justice system today is to make prison so unsavory that even lifelong criminals will not want to return. Today, many people have the feeling that prisons are like resorts of some sort. While prisoners have to work, they also often have access to cable television, computers, and many other items that they might not even have access to outside prison walls. Thus, prisons often make inmates too comfortable, and so, it is easier to return to prison than to create a meaningful life on the outside. The criminal justice system must make changes to how prisoners are incarcerated. Prison should never be better than life was on the outside. There are a handful of criminal justice professionals attempting to change the way prisons work, and one of them is Sheriff Joe Arpaio, a county sheriff in Maricopa County, Arizona. Arpaio has earned the nickname "America's Toughest Sheriff" for a reason. Arpaio has instituted many sweeping changes at the Maricopa County Jail in Phoenix."

Tags:prison, prisoners, recidivism

Abstract
The paper assesses the psychology of criminals in correctional facilities, assessing the mental status of criminals before entering correctional facilities and the training and resulting mental status of prisoners on release. The paper attempts to define whether any connections exist between an offender's personal background and rates of psychological impairment of mental illness resulting from his incarceration. The paper uses a person who is granted parole versus one who is on probation in order to show whether probation is always the best answer for someone scarred with a mental illness resulting from his incarceration.

Outline:
Introduction
Analysis
Rules and Regulations

From the Paper
"Pustilnik (2005) provides some of the most comprehensive research on the effects of prison or incarceration on the mind, especially with respect to mental illness resulting from incarceration. In fact, the researcher presents many of the questions the author attempts to answer, with scientific research providing detailed analysis of mental illness in criminal justice and resulting from incarceration. Pustilnik (2005) hypothesizes that confinement within correctional institutions may create "intangible social value" when criminals are taught personal responsibility. However, the author also notes that reform typically is only possible among criminals who feel remorse (p. 217) and among criminals who receive therapeutic assistance while incarcerated to address mental illness as it occurs in the correctional facility."

Tags:parole, probation, prison, rehabilitation, therapy

Abstract
This paper attempts to demonstrate that minorities, especially African-Americans, are unfairly treated by the U.S. criminal justice system. The paper cites statistics showing that, while all minorities are afforded less than fair treatment by the criminal justice system, African-Americans seem to be particularly vulnerable to sentences involving capital punishment. The paper further asserts that African-Americans suffer from political, social, psychological and economic exploitation at the hands of powerful whites in this country and, as a result, black people generally are purposefully put into situations where the commission of criminal acts are seen as the most effective solution to their problems. The paper concludes that the problem will only end once white people honestly recognize the racism that exists within the U.S. on all levels of society and end it.

Table of Contents
Race, Ethnicity and the Criminal Justice System
Drug Policies and Racial Disparities

From the Paper
"In 1996, six in 10 jail inmates were racial or ethnic minorities -- 41 percent were African American, 18 percent were Hispanic and 3 percent Asian or Alaska Native, according to the Department of Justice. The Sentencing Project, a Washington-based think tank, reported in 1995 that 32.2 percent of all African Americans men between the age of 20 and 29 are under criminal justice supervision on any given day -- in prison or jail, on probation or parole. Even more unsettling, nationally blacks are incarcerated at a rate of 7.66 times greater than whites. This paper shall demonstrate how minorities, especially African-Americans, are unfairly treated by the US criminal justice system."

Tags:jail, inmates, racial, ethnic, minorities, hispanic, prison, probation, parole, non-white

Abstract
This paper considers the question of whether there is a benefit to incarcerating criminals. The paper looks at the costs compared to the benefits, and makes suggestions on what might work to improve the situation.

From the Paper
"Keeping criminals in prison costs the taxpayers billions of dollars a year. (Freedman) The latest figures from the National Institute for Corrections indicates the average cost of keeping an inmate in prison for a year. In New York, the cost was ... and other states ranged from a low of ... to ... a high of... Federal and state prisons held prisoners as of December according to statistics from the Bureau of Justice. This computes to billion a year. It is hard to justify as Freedman says, this kind..."

Tags:incarcration, probation, parole, criminals