Abstract
This paper examines, through a literature review of four articles, how social class and racial origins have been brought up many times in the discussion of different parenting styles. The paper looks at how race is frequently blamed for differences in educational abilities and employment status and also for parenting styles, particularly in single-mother households.

From the Paper
"Luster, et al, writing more than a decade before Lareau, were more interested in establishing the Kohn Hypothesis, which suggests that social class is related to difference in Values. Kohn considered that parents from different classes were liable to differ in what characteristics they wished to promote in their children. Luster et al attempted to rationalize this into "Social class - Parental values - childrearing beliefs - Parental behavior" (140). As with Lareau, the number studied was very small - about 65 mothers and infants. Unlike the former study, there was no equality of color, with 95% of the mothers being while. In addition, the majority of these mothers seemed to be conformist (83% married, and 60% were stay-at-home mothers). "

Tags:single-mother, class, parents

Abstract
This paper analyzes the authoritative style of parenting and compares it to the authoritarian style. It discusses precisely what makes a parenting style authoritative in nature. It then looks at how parenting styles can be a focus of attention in the mental health setting. The paper concludes with a brief examination of how an authoritarian parenting style was of benefit to the writer as a young person.

Table of Contents:
What is Authoritative Parenting?
Authoritative Parenting and Psychology
Response

From the Paper
"The best outcome occurs with the application of the authoritative parenting style. This parenting style provides guidance without the excessive control demanded by the authoritarian parent. The authoritative parenting style relinquishes enough control over the child to permit the child to experience personal decision-making. However, it also contrasts with the permissive parenting style by providing enough guidance to enable the child to develop "appropriate morals and goals" (Bornstein & Bornstein, 2007, p. 2). A permissive parent, for example, might say that a child can go to his or her friend's house without first learning if the friend's parents will also be home. An authoritarian parent may deny the child permission regardless of any facts in the case. By contrast, the authoritarian parent uses both the facts and the child's needs as factors and may even include the child in the decision-making process."

Tags:permissive, development, guidance, control

Abstract
This paper discusses how many styles of parenting exist, describing several of these approaches. According to the paper, the authoritative style is that which many researchers appear to prefer, citing what makes a parenting style authoritative in nature.

From the Paper
"There is the permissive parenting style, the authoritarian parenting style, and the authoritative parenting style, to name only a few. The final pair of styles are often contrasted, with the authoritative style being that which many researchers appear to prefer. Precisely what makes a parenting style authoritative in nature? How can parenting styles be a focus of attention in the mental health setting? The paper will be used to answer these questions. In addition, this paper will conclude with a brief examination of how an authoritarian parenting style..."

Tags:authoritative, authoritarian, parenting

Abstract
The paper discusses how psychologists know what parenting practices are most effective and which are most likely to lead to positive outcomes for children. The paper reviews four different parenting styles, shows which method is most effective, and explains why the other methods should be avoided in order to avoid detrimental consequences to the child's future.

Outline:
The Authoritarian Parent Style
The Permissive Parenting Style
The Uninvolved Parenting Style
The Authoritative Parenting Style
Reflections From My Childhood
My Personal Parenting Style and How I Put it into Practice
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The uninvolved parent is low in both demandingness and responsiveness. In extreme cases, this parenting style might encompass both neglecting and rejecting parents, which could be very damaging to the child, although most parents of this type fall within the normal range (Baumrind, 1991).Children whose parents are uninvolved are uninvolved tend to perform poorly in most domains of social competency, academic performance, psychosocial development and problem behavior. "

Tags:children parents social competency academic performance, psychosocial development

Abstract
This paper discusses how most parents do not use a singular parenting style, but combine a variety of techniques, spanning the spectrum of authoritarian, permissive, and authoritative styles. The writer then examines how in the 1999 film "Big Daddy", the title character Sonny Kofax immediately strikes the viewer as kind of a 'big kid,' an overgrown thirty-two-year-old adolescent likely to use a permissive style with the five-year-old child he unexpectedly acquires. The paper also looks at this tendency of Sonny Kofax to be permissive and how he also provides some positive examples of parenting in an authoritative fashion.

From the Paper
"In contrast, permissive parents only act as indulgent 'friends' to their children, or discipline with a verbal 'slap on the wrist.' They may even condone or ignore their child's drug abuse, as when Sonny says to Julian: Man, this Yoo-Hoo is good...Know what's even better? Smokin' dope." Of course it could be argued that Julian does not understand what Sonny is saying, but many would argue that by taking such a lax attitude, when Julian does begin to understand (and he will, perhaps sooner than his parent anticipates) the ground has been laid for permissive parental attitudes towards real bad behavior. Even if parents in real life do not make such extreme statements as those used in Big Daddy for comic effect, simply by joking about drugs and promiscuity in a 'friendly' and lighthearted manner can send the wrong message to adolescents."

Tags:permissive, Sonny, Kofax

Abstract
This paper explains that in the authoritative parenting style, which is considered the most positive parenting approach, parents' demand and responsiveness are high enabling a adolescent to have a sense of strong personal value, self-control and a feeling of security. The author points out that authoritarian parents have high demands, but low responses; they expect their adolescent to do as their told and not question them. The paper relates that permissive parenting, both low demand and low responsiveness, is the worst of the parenting styles because these parents don't set any limits or demands and are most of the time neglectful of their adolescent.

From the Paper
"This [Authoritarian] will make it very hard for an adolescent to establish any self-reliance or self control, since the parents are attempting to control the adolescent rather the backing their decisions.6 In turn this is doing the opposite of what the parent is wanting. It is teaching and encouraging aggression and bad behavior, and when taking to extremes is abusive. The adolescent will be prone to live in fear and be aggressive towards other. You are able to see this in the behavior of the adolescent as well as the grades, and interaction with peers. These adolescents are more drawn into drugs and violence then adolescents raised by authoritative parents. Adolescent raised in an authoritarian environment are also prone to not feel empathy for others, or for themselves. They will more likely then not carry on this behavior into adulthood due to the fact that they are unable to stop the behavior that was taught and encouraged at home."

Tags:demand, responsiveness, security, limits, damaging

Abstract
This paper analyzes various parenting styles - authoritarian, authoritative, neglectful and indulgent parenting. The paper describes the characteristics typical to each of these styles. The writer succeeds in proving, by reviewing several researches, that parenting styles do in fact make a difference on a child's life and on who she/he becomes.

From the Paper
"Does parenting matter in the field of education? Developmental psychologist John Borkowski, PhD says yes. Along with Borkowski, Sharon Ramey, PhD has edited a book entitled "How do parents matter?" Ramey says, "Parenting influences are much more than parents' desires to mold children. Can you make your child be who you want? Of course not.? Ramey also says it is preposterous to even ask the question, "Do parents matter?" (Azar, 2000)

"Is there a way to parent children that is better than others? Diana Baumrind is a leading authority on parenting and she believes that parents should be neither punitive nor aloof. Baumrind believes that parents should develop rules for children while at the same time being portive and nurturant. (Santrock, 2001)
Four parenting styles that Baumrind says exist are authoritarian parenting, authoritative parenting, neglectful parenting, and indulgent parenting. (Santrock, 2001)"

Tags:psychology, authoritarian, authoritative, neglectful, indulgent, family

Abstract
This paper discusses various parenting styles that can be adopted, and describes the four theories that were set out by Diana Baumrind, a clinical and developmental psychologist.

From the Paper
"Diana Baumrind, a clinical and developmental psychologist, developed four theories of parenting namely the authoritarian, permissive, authoritative, and neglectful parenting styles. In authoritarian parenting, parents are viewed as demanding and controlling but unresponsive. Authoritarian parents are also strict disciplinarians. They expect their children to follow them all the time. Blind obedience is given much emphasis. Failure to comply with the rules and regulations set by the authoritarian parents may entail a grave punishment from the martinets. Authoritarian parents use a punitive form of punishment in disciplining their children which may be in the form of physical or verbal abuse. They do not know how to show love and warmth to their children. As a result, children who grow up in this kind of controlling and hostile environment become socially incompetent or withdrawn. The authoritarian parenting has conservative views on parenting and discipline. It is parent-centered because only parents have a say when it comes to childrearing and discipline. The children themselves cannot voice out their own opinions or views."

Tags:challenge, educating, responsibilities

Abstract
This paper describes differing styles parents used to bring up children. The author focuses on his own experience, stating that he thinks the authoritative style is the best. The paper also presents information from various studies that have been carried out on this subject.

From the Paper
"Parenting styles have a profound impact on development. The way an individual is raised is often displayed in the ways in which they act and raise their own children. Studies have shown that in most cases, if an individual was raised in a certain way, they will raise their own children that same particular way. Furthermore, I feel that in mental health settings, an individual will be more receptive to a type of counseling which may be similar to the method in which they were raised.
"My parents were unquestionably authoritative parents. An authoritative parent is "firm, setting clear and consistent limits... they are loving and emotionally supportive" (Feldman, 2008, p.278). I feel this way because they would always give me my options. If I were doing something wrong they would give me the choice - either to keep doing what I was doing and face a consequence or to stop the behavior and I would not face a consequence. They would always take the time to explain things; as in telling me why something was wrong, e.g. if you keep your shoes on in the house you will make it more dirty, and this will make more work for all of us."

Tags:children, authoritative, supportive

Abstract
"Common sense says that there isn't a right or wrong way to parent a child. But in reviewing recent studies into linkages between parenting and cognitive development, there may be ways for mothers and fathers to parent better. These linkages, however, may not be those that you expect. In 2002, Amy Tiller, Elizabeth Block, Betsy Garrison, Kathryn Cramer and Vicky Tiller proposed that there might be connections between parenting styles and more successful patterns of cognitive development for children at the elementary school level."

From the Paper
Do Parenting Styles Affect Cognitive Development? Common sense says that there isn't a right or wrong way to parent a child. But in reviewing recent studies into linkages between parenting and cognitive development, there may be ways for mothers and fathers to parent better. These linkages, however, may not be those that you expect. In 2002, Amy Tiller, Elizabeth Block, Betsy Garrison, Kathryn Cramer and Vicky Tiller proposed that there might be connections between parenting styles and more successful patterns of cognitive development for children at the elementary school level. They were fortunate enough to tap into a longitudinal study on family stress and childhood development at the

Tags:children, cognitive, development