Abstract
The different relationships in the movie "Parenthood" are addressed.

Tags:family, dynamics, parenthood

Abstract
In this article the writer discusses the Planned Parenthood Federation of America. The writer explores the work done by this organization and looks at its mission statement. The writer also examines how and why the organization is under attack from the religious right.

From the Paper
"The Planned Parenthood Federation of America Inc. is the world's largest reproductive health care organization. Planned Parenthood believes in everyone's right to choose when or whether to have a child that every child should be wanted and loved and that women should be in charge of their own reproductive destinies. Planned Parenthood believes in reproductive self-determination and jealously safeguards an individual's right to privacy. The organization believes that reproductive self-determination contributes to an enhancement of the quality of life, strong family relationships and population stability. The stated mission ... "

Tags:Planned parenthood, organization, plans, goals, conflict, difficulties, growth, abortion rights, bombings, controversy, political activism, President Bush

Abstract
This paper provides a brief history of the Planned Parenthood organization and outlines its philosophy. The paper relates that the mission statement of the Planned Parenthood organization is that it is infinitely better to prevent conception than it is to perform an abortion. Furthermore, the organization believes that every human being should have total care, custody and control of their bodies. The paper concludes that the group has stood its ground, suffering arrest and abuse while teaching women that they do not have to have unwanted children that will become a burden on them and society.

From the Paper
"Planned Parenthood came to the attention of the public in 1916 in the Brownsville section of Brooklyn. Margaret Sanger and her compatriots began to distribute leaflets announcing the opening of a birth control clinic in the neighborhood. They asked the question of whether a mother could afford to have more children, and offered counseling on how to prevent unwanted pregnancies. They offered the hope that through education of the public, conception would occur through choice and the babies subsequently born would be wanted and not an unexpected burden (PPNT.Org.facts)."

Tags:conception, reproduction, contraception, fertility

Abstract
This paper argues that single parenthood in and of itself is not necessarily a bad thing - even if it is not the most desirable thing. Rather, many single parents are ill-equipped educationally, temperamentally, cognitively, and psychologically for the stresses of single parenthood and their struggles create complications for their children. With that in mind, this paper outlines the available literature vis-a-vis how single parent homes shape the children within them and offers some policy suggestions for political elites and scholars.

Tags:single, parents, children

Abstract
This paper explains the events leading to "Planned Parenthood vs. Casey": the State of Pennsylvania amended its Abortion Control Act to require women seeking abortion to 1) give "informed consent" and the doctors to provide information about the health risks of having the abortion prior to the abortion; 2) a "spousal notification"; 3) "parental notification" from parents of minors; and 4) a 24-hour waiting period before obtaining an abortion. The author points out that "Roe vs. Wade." one of the most controversial rulings in the history of U.S. Supreme Court, which generated heated criticism from anti-abortion groups and gave rise to a pro-life movement, predated "Planned Parenthood vs. Casey". The paper concludes that "Casey" is still relevant because the present U.S. administration is clearly in favor of making abortion illegal, the Congress is dominated by Republicans, and there is a possibility of replacement of more than one Justice on the Court during the second Bush term, who most likely will be anti-abortion.

Table of Contents
Background of the Casey Supreme Court
William Rehnquist
Harry Blackmun
Sandra O'Connor
Anthony Kennedy
John Stevens
Antonin Scalia
Byron White
David Souter
Clarence Thomas
Important Pre-Casey Cases
Roe v. Wade (1973)
Doe v. Bolton (1973)
Harris v. MCrae
Webster vs. Reproductive Health Services (1989)
Historical, Social and Legal Background of Casey
Arguments from both Sides
Essentials of the Plurality Decision
Contemporary Reaction to the Case
Legal Reaction to the Case
Historical Impact
Current Relevance

From the Paper
"Several states enacted laws limiting the right of abortion, including laws requiring parental and spousal consent, restricting abortions in clinics, and laws barring state funding for abortions. The Hyde Amendment was passed by the US Congress banning state funds for abortions. In a long series of cases from the mid-1970s to the late 1980s, the Supreme Court consistently struck down several state restrictions on abortions, but upheld restrictions on funding."

Tags:consent, notification, pro-life, anti-abortion, funding

Abstract
The author of this paper looks at the subject of parenthood as it appears in English literature. The paper discusses works written by authors such as Milton and Shakespeare in the 16th and 17th centuries through to the 20th century and authors such as William Golding and Margaret Atwood.

From the Paper
"The 20th century saw a number of literary developments and experiments. On the one hand, The Lord of the Flies, 1984 and A Brave New World, propose dystopian visions of parenthood. In the first, parental control is totally absent from an aggressive, deathly atmosphere. The second represents twisted political machinery because of which children send their parents to death. The third speculates about the implications of planned parenthood if carried too far. On the other hand, Margaret Atwood's The Handmaid's Tale (1985) focuses on birth as a metaphor of writing and artistic creation. Atwood likens the conception of a story to the conception of a child, and the writing process to a painful delivery."

Tags:milton, shakespeare, huxley, defoe, golding, literature, education, children, parents, james, hardy, walpole, poe, childhood

Abstract
This paper compares the benefits and advantages of Planned Parenthood and Birthright in order to assess which organization is better. The writer concludes that, even though Planned Parenthood provides a wider array of services and health care, Birthright is the better option for a women experiencing an unplanned pregnancy. Birthright provides friendship, support, non-judgmental encouragement, and endless help in a time of great need. It explains that, while Planned Parenthood provides many notable services to pregnant women, it does not provide a vulnerable woman a place to turn emotionally. Planned Parenthood just provides facts about the options for a pregnancy, including the "easy way out": abortion.

From the Paper
"Many organizations provide care for women regarding their reproductive and sexual health. How is a woman experiencing the stress of an unplanned pregnancy to know which organization is the best choice for her? Even though each group provides many of the same services, many differences are evident when comparing each clinic on a point-by-point basis. Planned Parenthood and Birthright are two widely known and respected organizations that provide services to women in need of reproductive health-related care. While both have many similarities, their differences lie in their services provided, mission statements, and position on abortion."

Tags:abortion, pregnancy

Abstract
This paper discusses the battle over abortion that continues to divide the American public in general and the case of Planned Parenthood v. Casey (1992) in particular as it represented a direct challenge to five Pennsylvania laws that attempted to restrict women's access to abortion. The paper also explains how 'stare decisis' can be a useful tool of American jurisprudence.

From the Paper
"Furthermore, the decision in Planned Parenthood v. Carey on the basis of stare decisis avoided injecting the Court any further into the larger political and social debates on the abortion issue. By allowing the prior case as precedent, the justices were, in effect, handing over the entire problem to the legislative branch. In this instance, stare decisis offered a chance to sidestep a contentious choice. Planned Parenthood had wanted the case to be seen as a means of defending the right to an abortion. That right was upheld but only by resort to a previous decision. The court was neither independently affirming the position, nor ruling out other potential challenges. As the Pennsylvania statues were struck down on the spirit of the previous decision, the plurality opinion left open the possibility that other state regulations might be used to limit abortion as long as they did not clearly interfere with the constitutional equal protection clause. The winning side got what it wanted, in part - the continued legality of abortion - but it did not achieve a wider victor in the abortion war. Abortion's opponents were still represented by the dissenting justices. They too, used stare decisis in their opinion, but in a quite opposite fashion, laying open another path to those who might still hope to have abortion removed as a legitimate constitutional right. "

Tags:legal, restrictions, impediments

Abstract
Currently, only 50 percent of children will reside with their biologic parents until their 18th birthday; therefore, many of the children seen by family physicians live in non-nuclear families. Single-parent families now include more than 18 million children and comprise the most common non-nuclear form of family. The majority of all teen pregnancies result in children being born to single parent homes. It is true that single-parent household's do less well than two-parent households in raising children.

Abstract
This paper explains that the Life Options model, the concept of planning for the future and having the ability to have some control over that future, is a major force behind deciding to have an abortion. The paper points out that, though many experts assert that parental consent laws are good and reduce abortion, there are many health professionals that believe that parental consent is not a good policy because parental consent laws can delay the amount of time that it takes a teenager to inform their parents about their pregnancy and places the teenager in a position to experience negative health risks. The paper concludes that Planned Parenthood programs are effective because they allow teens to ask specific questions and get accurate answers about sex, STDs, contraception, pregnancy, and abortion.

Table of Contents
Introduction
Research Questions
Literature Review
Economic Factors
Do Planned Parenthood Programs Reduce the Amount of Abortions?
Parental Consent Laws and Decreased Abortion Rates
Hypothesis
Variables
Validation of Hypothesis
Methodology/Procedure
Analysis and Interpretation
Limitations
Conclusion

From the Paper
"As you can see socioeconomics definite plays a role in influencing a teen's decision to have an abortion. To explain it simply teenage girls that have the financial means to have an abortion are more likely to choose abortion as an option. In addition, teenagers that know that they can obtain a college education are more likely to pursue an abortion. Those that are disadvantaged have very little hope about their future plans and are very often struggling academically. Also studies suggest that there are differences in abortion rates among those of with different racial backgrounds."

Tags:options, delay, control, travel, information