Abstract
This paper introduces the topic of schizophrenia of the paranoid type as shown in the character of Nathan Landau in William Styron's 1979 novel, "Sophie's Choice" and the 1982 film adaptation directed by Alan J. Pakula. The paper describes the character of Nathan Landau and then looks at the indications of paranoid schizophrenia that are evident. The paper presents some personal concluding remarks.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Nathan Landau
Indications of Paranoid Schizophrenia
Findings on Paranoid Schizophrenia
Concluding Remarks

From the Paper
"Indeed, this paper might have argued that Nathan Landau actually suffered from acute bipolar disorder, or bipolar disorder with psychotic features, but a start was made from the character of his brother and the revelation of paranoid schizophrenia. The latter suits a film set in the 1940s when a great many patients stood to be diagnosed with schizophrenia that might today be assessed differently and in the presence of drugs to reduce or eliminate symptoms, at any rate, making a precise diagnosis less important. Tsuang Et Al (2000) explained how psychiatrists in the present tend to diagnose broadly a psychotic disorder of particular features so as to not rule out the possibility of bipolar disorder or non-specific psychosis to create what may be paranoid or other features. At the same time, bipolar patients often present anger, but less often the persecutory delusions shown by Nathan Landau in different episodes in which Sophie is the target of his disordered thinking, accusations and emotional attacks."

Tags:bipolar disorder, psychotic symptoms

Abstract
This paper analyzes the character Nathan Landau created by author William Styron in his novel "Sophie's Choice." IN particular, the paper deals with Nathan Landau as a person suffering from paranoid schizophrenia. The paper includes a summary of how paranoid schizophrenia is diagnosed, notes on what is known to produce its symptoms and how this diagnosis would be likely in the 1940s context of the novel and film but might be described differently today.

From the Paper
"This paper introduces the topic of schizophrenia of the paranoid type as shown in the character of Nathan Landau in William Styron's novel Sophie's Choice (1979) and the 1982 film adaptation directed by Alan J. Pakula. Styron's hero, Stingo, is a 21 year old migrant to Brooklyn from the South who hopes to become a writer. The viewer of the film receives a careful account of events that plainly shook Stingo's development, all revealed slowly towards several puzzles whose combined effect remains with the..."

Tags:styron, paranoid schizophrenia, sophie's choice

Abstract
This paper examines how paranoid schizophrenia, better known and schizophrenia with paranoid ideologies is a significant and enduring psychological diagnosis. It discusses the disorder in general including the social, cultural clinical implications of it, treatment trends in the past and in the present as well as assessment, diagnosis, expected outcomes, therapeutic relationships, psychopharmacology, milieu management and evaluation of the disease which is a subtype of schizophrenia associated with delusions.

Outline:
Introduction
Background and Significance
Cultural Considerations
Trends in Management Historical and Current
Therapeutic Interventions

From the Paper
"Therapeutic relationships are often challenged by PS as the individuals with this disorder have a tendency to be self-protective, fearful of others, often as a direct result of paranoid ideologies. They are often especially fearful of new people, therefore building therapeutic relationships with them is often a long process that involves trust building and frequent open communication. The psych nurse or other nurse must choose his or her words carefully and practice as much transparency in communication as is possible for the therapeutic goals. Medication compliance can be difficult as a common therapeutic response to medication is a delusion that the medication is "poison." Psychopharmacology is constantly evolving as in general traditional antipsychotic medications show huge promise in helping mitigate positive symptoms over the long term they show little ability to aid in alterations of negative symptoms and have significant side effects which add to the therapeutic distrust of their use by patients and reduce compliance. "

Tags:delusions, PS

Abstract
In this paper, using the logic principle Occam's Razor and current research, the author argues that the protagonist in "The Tell-Tale Heart" is more likely to have paranoid schizophrenia than the post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) for which literary critic Robert Kachur argues. The paper asserts that although Kachur presents an interesting and well-supported argument that childhood abuse may be at the root of the narrator's homicidal actions, the sub-textual work he performs to analyze an incestuous act perhaps adds too much complexity to something simpler. The paper explains that while Poe may have woven such a complex back-story into subtle symbols, such as a bed as a sexual tool or death-watches as an indication of sexual acts, Occam's razor, a logic principle, says that one should not make more assumptions that what is needed. The paper concludes that, in this light, the narrator overwhelmingly exhibits symptoms of paranoid schizophrenia; PTSD may not sufficiently explain the narrator's actions.

From the Paper
"While Kachur says that the eye may symbolize the "inescapable, objectifying male gaze" of the narrator's abusive father, the question remains as to why it was the old man in particular that evoked the narrator's obsession. If this event did trigger symptoms of PTSD, then the narrator perhaps would have become obsessed earlier with another old man; surely, he would have interacted with many people in his life. Furthermore, it is possible that the narrator may have killed more old men if he generalized those with "vulture" eyes in such a way. In contrast, perhaps because of the onset of schizophrenia in adulthood, the narrator was not violent sooner with more people."

Tags:ptsd, occams, razor, macabre, literature, horror

Abstract
This paper presents a detailed examination of paranoid schizophrenia and how it relates to the field of nursing. The writer takes the reader on an exploratory journey into the field of paranoid schizophrenia and discusses the prevalence of the problem, why it is important to nurses, the significance of cost to the health industry and nursing implications.

Paper Outline:
Introduction
Review of Literature and Theories
Nursing Implications
Summary
Conclusion
References

From the Paper
"Community care nurses can use this information to develop a plan of treatment that will allow as much privacy and dignity for the patient as possible while still maintaining a safe environment for the patient and the other patients in the community(Vasquez, 2001).
Understanding the effects of medication, the stigma of the illness and the fear of patients will help the community care nursing staff members differentiate between symptoms of an impending episode and concerns of the patient when it comes to how the disorder relates to and impacts society and his or her ability to remain productive in society(McCann, 2001)."

Tags:mental, health, delusion, remission, psycho-social

Abstract
This paper discusses the symptoms associated with Paranoid Schizophrenia explaining that if the disease is not discovered in its early stage he or she may pose a threat to the society they live in. However, there is medication intended to help people with this condition. The paper includes a graph showing the incidence of this illness as well as information from studies carried out on the drugs that are prescribed.

From the Paper
''Those that are suffering from the illness have a hard time dealing with it and they can sometimes resort to killing themselves. During the early stages of the disease, and, after finding out that they have it, patients can become devastated as they witness the effects that Paranoid Schizophrenia has on them. All of the basic functions may seem difficult to perform for a person suffering from the disease. Dealing with the disease is not just about taking medicine and getting professional help. One has to pay special attention to all the details which can contribute in helping him or her ameliorate the symptoms. Even if traditional methods might seem to be inefficient in comparison to the more advanced medicine, people need to use anything they find useful in fighting the sickness. A first thing that patients suffering from the illness need to do is to accept it and to ask for professional help.''

Tags:disease, medicine, symptoms

Abstract
This paper outlines the key diagnostic features present in paranoid schizophrenics and the risk factors involved. The paper addresses cognitive and psychodynamic theories and looks at the modes of treatment used throughout history, as well as some cutting-edge psychotropic procedures that are being considered today. Finally, the writer of this paper relates the lessons he learned from this research.

Outline:
Introduction
Body
Perspectives
Treatment
Personal Insights and Conclusions

From the Paper
"Paranoid schizophrenia has categorically been transformed throughout psychological history, and has provided significant problems for patients and providers to cope with. Basic treatments for this disorder have morphed over time, and have produced various levels of success for those that have suffered with this debilitating disorder. As psychiatric procedures and variations that diagnose and treat paranoid schizophrenia have changed with scientific knowledge, several categorical changes have been made to advance procedures recommended for this clinical treatment. In 1933, The Medical Value of Psychoanalysis was written by Dr. Franz Alexander, and proposed vital acknowledgements surrounding paranoid schizophrenia. In turn, this work provided foundations for today's clinicians and therapists as well as psychopharmacological practices and treatment plans. However, just as the stage was set to cope with schizophrenia with psychoanalysis alone, medical intervention came into view with work done by Dr. Irving Bender of Dartmouth College."

Tags:delusions, DSM-IV-TR, cognitive, therapy, lithium

Abstract
The paper looks at the film, "A Beautiful Mind", and follows the disorder through the life of Nobel Prize-winning mathematician John Nash as a classic case of the disorder, schizophrenia.

From the Paper
"The film A Beautiful Mind portrays the life story of Nobel Prize winning mathematician John Nash. Nash's genius in mathematics was counterbalanced by his affliction with paranoid schizophrenia."

Abstract
The paper looks at the movie "A Beautiful Mind" by Russell Crowe that portrays John Nash, a brilliant but eccentric graduate student of mathematics at Princeton University. The paper describes how in spite of Nash's eccentricities, he manages to fall in love, marry, have a child and become a tenured professor. In spite of these accomplishments, the paper shows how paranoid schizophrenia gradually takes hold of him and dominates his life. The paper examines his diagnosis and treatment and explores the condition of schizophrenia in general.

Outline:
The Subject: John Nash
Diagnosis
Treatment

From the Paper
"In spite of Nash's obvious social awkwardness, he possesses a fair amount of charm. He tells his imaginary roommate that he is "quite well balanced" -- he has an equally heavy chip on both shoulders. However, he already believes himself to be special, too gifted to waste his time attending lectures and reading textbooks. In the opening scene, a professor tells the class that it was mathematicians who broke the Japanese code during World War II, and mathematicians who designed the atomic bomb, linking fine mathematical minds to national security. In the movie, his meeting with the Army when they hire him as a secret code-breaker is quite elaborate."

Tags:brain, paranoid, mental, disorder, eccentricities