Abstract This paper explains that paralysis of the face is extremely traumatic because the face is the most important part of human existence; thereby, paralysis causes devastating physical and psychological problems. The author points out that the primary objective of surgery for facial paralysis is to restore spontaneous symmetrical animation. The paper underscores that the way that etiology serves as the base for the surgical plan, which has different requirements between adults and children. The author describes various modern surgical techniques including nerve grafts and muscle transfer and the use of electromyography before and after the direct neurotization technique to the muscles of the eye sphincter, depressor, tongue and smile restoration to improve function.
Table of Contents:
Plastic Surgery- Facial Paralysis: Considerations
Direct Neurotization Technique in Facial Paralysis during Facial Reanimation
All Etiologies of Facial Paralysis: Congenital, Post Traumatic, Secondary to Tumor Excision
Direct Nerve to Muscle Neurotization of Eye Sphincter (Orbicularis Ori Muscle, 12Lips Depressor, Smile Restoration and Tongue Specifically
Specific Indications for the Technique (Direct Muscle Neurotization in Facial Reanimation)
Electromyography
Evaluation and Conclusion
From the Paper "The condition of facial paralysis is therefore called 'Bell's Palsy'. (2) At that time the causes of the paralysis was not discovered. Today there are different methods of finding the cause and remedy of many types of paralysis. "Bell's Palsy" is now used to "refer to a condition where the cause cannot be ascertained". Today most surgeons treat all paralysis as 'Bell's Palsy', which is erroneous. In determining the cause of and the nature of the condition, it is necessary to take in the results of the examination of ear, nose, throat, neck, and the 'parotid' glands."
Abstract This paper reviews James Joyces' novel "Dubliners" and in particular how the paralysis represented is both physical and emotional and is often associated with isolation. It examines how the characters are very human, and how Joyce was not afraid to give his characters many flaws although they are not likeable and are often in a form of emotional state. It analyzes how Joyce felt paralysis was a sin of sorts, a type of wrongdoing of the spirit that caused people to stagnate and fail. It shows how it is hard to relate to many of his characters because of their sheer lack of desire for progression and how their isolation would be considered pitiable, if they were more sympathetic. It evaluates whether these people could find redemption if they lived just about anywhere else except Dublin. Instead they are destined to live out their lives there, isolated from themselves, each other and humanity.
From the Paper "One of the possible problems for redemption of the characters is that they seem rather disinterested in changing their lives, they are static and for the most part seem to prefer the status quo. The few characters that do seem to want to break the mold that Dublin has forced upon them are incapable of transformation. Little Chandler in "Little Cloud" is the best example of this type. He claims to want to be like Gallaher, but rather than try, he assumes that he cannot escape his life since it too late for him, and besides, he has furniture to pay for (Joyce, 70)."
Tags: characters, sin, society, liberation, redemption
Abstract The paper comments that although "Dubliners" by James Joyce is a collection of short stories that reads like novel because the characters and situations all come together and relate the same story, the main theme is the spiritual and political paralysis of a nation. The paper then explores how this theme is presented in the book and how the paralysis experienced by those in "Dubliners" is both personal and national.
From the Paper "The paralysis of Dublin also extends to the Church which acts as both a paralysing force and is itself in a state of paralysis. Indeed none of the priests in Dubliners are portrayed favourably: In "Araby" the priest who had formerly lived in the house had left it littered with papers, left his rusty bicycle pump outside, and had left his sister nothing but his furniture in his will. Fr. Keon in "Ivy Day in the Committee Room" is referred to as "a black sheep" and though he belongs to no "chapel or church or institution" he is quite "thick" with the politicians and financially does quite all right although no one is sure how. Even Fr. Purdon, whose ascent to the pulpit literally entails a struggle (173), gets his name from Purdon Street, which in Dublin makes up part of the red-light district. These unflattering portrayals of the clergy exemplify the corruption of the Church and its resulting paralysis."
Tags: corruption, dominant, priests, economically, paralyzed, oppressive, force
Abstract The paper examines how Joyce's writing about Dublin in "The Dubliners" reflects the moral, intellectual and spiritual paralysis he saw in Irish society. The paper examines several stories such as "The Sisters," "Eveline," "After the Race" and "An Encounter" in order to illustrate how these stories are a manifestation of Joyce's ambivalent feelings toward his origins. The paper points out, however, that Joyce is not entirely hopeless in his view of the people of Dublin and thus of the world. The paper shows how he believes that some will be able to find a way to escape from the paralysis of society.
From the Paper "The Dubliners is a collection of short stories by James Joyce, written and arranged in away that creates a meta-narrative about life in the city of Dublin and that expresses Joyce's ambivalence toward the city where he was raised. One of the primary themes in these stories is paralysis, for Joyce sees Ireland as a whole as if it were locked into a time and place that is different from that experienced by the rest of the world. The stories are arranged from childhood to old age and beyond, always showing how the people are tied to the religious conflict between Catholic and Protestant and to the clash between each in the early part of the Twentieth Century."
Abstract This paper examines the theme of paralysis in "Dubliners", a collection of short stories by James Joyce. It begins with a description of the religious, economic, cultural, and political oppression in Dublin. It then specifically expands on several of the stories in the collection: ?The Sisters,? ?Araby,? ?Eveline,? ?Two Gallants,? and ?The Dead.? Finally, the paper examines Joyce's writing style.
From the Paper "James Joyce constructed a collection of short stories intended to present the city of Dublin during the early twentieth century in a straightforward manner. The theme of paralysis permeates the work to show the city as well as the whole of Ireland as oppressed by religious, economic, cultural, and political circumstances. Every story in the collection, beginning with "The Sisters" and continuing to the final revelation in ?The Dead,? is infused with this theme. Joyce himself admitted to the "special odor of corruption which, I hope, floats over my stories" (Grey). He was aware that his tales would be raw, his pictures of Ireland unadorned by compassion. However much he identified with the characters he created, Joyce retained a candor that allowed him to keep "a style of scrupulous meanness" (Brandabur 8) throughout."
Tags: araby, childhood, adolescence, maturity, public, life, city, ireland
Abstract The paper examines a case study of an individual who sees evil spirits and experiences out-of-body experiences. The paper discusses how these occurences can be understood by objective, scientific rationale. The paper's thesis is that these phenomena are components of a new parasomnia variant, conscious hypnagogic intermittent paralysis with spirit-like visual hallucinations secondary to post traumatic stress disorder.
Outline:
Thesis
Objectives
Review of Literature and Analysis
Conclusion
From the Paper "The author's experience may at first seem unrelated to the fields of psychiatry or the neurosciences and may seem more appropriate as a case of the supernatural. A critical eye would scrutinize the case and, without more information, arrive at the same conclusion. However, science is an ever-changing body of organized knowledge that seeks out to explain rather than condemn seemingly unexplainable phenomena."
"The phenomena above have scientific counterparts as per description. Seeing evil spirits, out-of-body experiences, uncontrolled bodily actions and the unpleasant realization that these manifestations seem more powerful are very subjective experiences and need to be balanced by objective, scientific rationale in order to fully comprehend their full nature."
Abstract This paper explains that, while it is tempting to read James Joyce's "Dubliners" as a simple narrative description of 'a chapter of the moral history' of Ireland, with Dublin serving as 'the centre of paralysis', Joyce was actually concerned with suggesting a means of moving out of this paralysis. More specifically, the paper stresses that 'The Dead', the fifteenth and final story of "Dubliners", should be seen not as a mere description of paralysis but as a means of suggesting a way forward or out of this condition. The author relates that the word 'escape' appears in no less than four of the stories in this collection; therefore, this word itself can be seen to hold the key to how Joyce's "Dubliners" is to be read. The paper presents a chapter by chapter description and analysis of each short story.
From the Paper "At this early stage in Dubliners, however, these concepts are merely signified. The reader is, in other words, merely offered what Saussure would term 'signs' or words. In fact, that the significance of these key words is announced typographically, in italics, very quickly draws attention to the fact that it is words that we are dealing with here. Accordingly, when the reader is presented with these words, it is not the concepts underlying them that trouble the narrator of 'The Sisters,' but the words themselves and their fundamental sounds. The narrator has, he says, taken to saying the word 'paralysis' 'softly' to himself 'every night ... .
Abstract The essay highlights the ways in which James Joyce should be considered a modernist writer. The paper includes comments from many critics, including William York Tindel, and quotations from Shakespeare. Many modernist writing techniques are revealed that conventional writers would not have used. The use of symbolism is shown as well as examples that show Joyce using realism to portray himself as a modernist writer. The two central short stories used to convey Joyce as a modernist are 'Araby' and 'Two Gallants'. There are also examples taken from 'The Sisters'. The essay also demonstrates how Joyce uses religion to show Dublin in a state of paralysis, which is one of the central themes seen throughout the collection.
From the Paper "James Joyce's "Dubliners", a collection of short stories published in 1907, revolves around the everyday mundane lives of Dublin and its citizens. According to Joyce himself, his intention was to "write a chapter of the moral history of my country and I chose Dublin for the scene because the city seemed to be the centre of paralysis". James Joyce is a modernist writer as he also does not conform to the traditional style of writing genre which conventional writers such as Jane Austen would have used at the time. Joyce believed that they modernists should "As t"were hold the mirror up to nature? (hamlet, William Shakespeare). Joyce believed that a revelation of truth would free Dublin's citizens from the paralysis of Dublin and their daily life?s. Joyce felt that due to the secularisation and the industrialisation of Dublin at the time the citizens were left in a state of paralysis with no escape. "The stories portray Joyce's feeling that Dublin is the epitome of paralysis and all of the citizens are victims". (Levin 159)."
Abstract This paper is in the form of a service proposal to provide assistance to people with physical disabilities, primarily individuals challenged by paralysis. It includes a cover letter, general information about the organization, and details about the organization's history, objective, staff, and achievements.
From the Paper "Enclosed is our service proposal to provide assistance to people with physical disabilities. I'm certain you'll agree that DSC is fully capable of performing all of the tasks identified in Human Services. By selecting the Disability Support Center, LTD, the Bells Foundation, INC. will be assured of: a) utilization of few methods to ensure proper coordination and communication during the life of the project; b) a team with specific technical and management expertise to successfully complete the project; c) an established procedure to provide quality control on the project; and, d) recent project experience. We thank you for your consideration of our team for this important project. More detailed information about our Disability Support Center describing our mutual objectives is provided in the attached proposal. We hope you'll agree that our expertise falls within the scoped of your budget. After you have reviewed this proposal, please do not hesitate to contact me with any questions that might remain."
Abstract This paper explains how Margaret Luarence showcases the contrary themes of paralysis and freedom through the clever use of symbolism in her short story, "The Loons". More specifically, the paper demonstrates how paralysis is symbolized by the life circumstances of the character Piquette, which includes her family, her health and the shack she inhabits, while freedom is symbolized by the loons.
From the Paper "Piquette's family has been residing in the Wachakwa Valley, near the town Manawaka, for over fifty years. She lives in nothing more than a shack and her family works odd jobs in between the periods of relief payments. Sometimes the males in the family even get into trouble with the law by participating in bar fights. The locals from Manawaka consider her family to be "neither flesh, fowl, or good salt herring" (Laurence 985). Since they are not pure Cree, the "Cree of the Galloping Mountain reservation" (985) do not want them and due to their low socio-economic situation, the other communities from Manawaka do not accept them either."
Abstract An analysis of this childhood injury which is caused by either a piercing to the brain by a foreign object or internal injury caused by shaking or a fall or a knock. This paper looks at the causes of this condition and examines how it can be prevented. It then proceeds to examine different forms of TBI and looks at the symptoms. Medical management is presented as well as current treatments and breakthroughs.
From the Paper "Definition, Age of Onset and Prevalence. Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is an acquired injury to a child's brain, either open or closed. An open TBI results from a piercing of the brain, such as by a gunshot or another object, while a closed TBI, the more common, involves and results from the fast, sudden and strong movement of the head and shaking of the brain which stretches or cuts the nerve fibers in the different parts of the brain (Kraus JF). Pediatric TBI is the leading cause of death and disability among children between 1 and 14 years old. It was also reported that emergency rooms personnel treat 600,000 children for this injury every year, and that from that number, 25,000 die and 30,000 become permanently disabled every year in the USA (Christianson and Gale 2). TBI is most frequently transportation-related (39%), due to falls (28%), to sports and other recreational forms (17%) and assault (7%)."
Abstract The writer looks at this poem and the character of Prufrock, emphasizing the theme of inaction. The paper discusses the language used by Eliot to allow the reader to feel the burden of Prufrock's neutralized existence. The writer argues that Prufrock becomes a non-entity in the ontological sense in that the crisis of will which renders him impotent is ultimately what drowns him.
From the Paper "Twenty-six years after the publication of T. S. Eliot's poem "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock," Franklin Roosevelt asserted his firm belief that "the only thing we have to fear is fear itself." He went on to say that it was this "nameless, unreasoning, unjustified terror which paralyzes needed effort to convert retreat into advance." In these lines, Roosevelt echoed the crisis of will that neutralized Prufrock. He also implicitly concluded that unless something was done to resolve this crisis, the nation would disintegrate and die. This tragedy on the macrocosmic level would mirror Prufrock's tragedy on the microcosmic level unless something was done. Roosevelt, who suffered from polio and knew something about paralysis, did something. Prufrock, who suffered from paralysis of the will, did nothing and the tragic tenor of his love song is the result."
Describes the symptomology, current etiology, diagnostic tools and current treatments with some evaluation of treatment methods for this sleep disorder.
Abstract Narcolepsy is a chronic, debilitating sleep disorder affecting nearly one percent of the North American population. This paper discusses the history and symptoms of narcolepsy and provides an in depth analysis of the diagnostic tools, both objective and subjective. Issues surrounding diagnosis are given, as well as treatment options such as lifestyle changes and pharmacotherapy.
From the Paper "Cataplexy, sleep paralysis, and hypnagogic hallucinations are usually further controlled by tricyclic antidepressants such as Prozac, Triptil, and Anafranil (Daniels, King, Smith & Shneerson, 2001). Medically formulated gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) have shown beneficial effects in control of cataplexy in some patients (Thorpy, 2001). GHB stabilizes nocturnal REM sleep by increasing sleep continuity, and decreases cataplexy attacks, but does not significantly affect daytime sleep attacks or sleep latency (Fry, 1998). Because of GHB's recognition as a date-rape drug and the high instances of personal and social abuse, the drug is highly regulated and hard to receive prescriptions (Fry, 1998)."
Abstract Multiple Sclerosis, or MS, is a chronic and disabling disease that affects one out of every ten-thousand people, is most common among those of Northern European ancestry, and typically appears between the ages of twenty to thirty. MS is a progressive neurological disorder that affects the functions of the physical structures and systems of the body with symptoms ranging from numbness and lowered motor control of the limbs to paralysis and blindness. It is the purpose of this paper to examine the specific needs of patients with MS, the description of the disease, treatment, and the projected outcome.
Abstract This paper examines how the American Disability Act (ADA) was created for the benefit of millions of Americans with disabilities, such as blindness and paralysis, and how it provides rules and guidelines that take care of and protect those who suffer from disabilities from access to social environment. It shows how one of the guidelines in ADA is to remove and eliminate problems encountered in ATM access by the disabled persons and how, in 1992, ADA guidelines were implemented for ATMs in a law that resolves the concerns of Americans with disabilities. It analyzes the effect of these guidelines on ATMs, as well as bank issues, and the proposed ATM technological changes.
From the Paper "The proposal of the Access Board to allow speech capabilities on ATMs presents a number of issues to manufacturers of the machines and to the banks. First, the cost of implementing the proposed changes on existing machines is expensive, granting that each bank maintains a large number of ATMs. Second, ATMs has lifespan. Instead of upgrading ATMs whose lifespan is near to expire, after the effect of the revised ADA, replacement of expiring machines is a more practical option. Such will cause burden on the banks. Third, enhancement of existing machines presents difficulty to manufacturers. The flexibility of the proposed changes of supporting speech capabilities to facilitate ATM access for the visually impaired will require time, effort, and new materials to modify the machines."
