Abstract
This paper first defines and classifies panic attacks. The writer discusses diagnostic criteria and looks into the causes of panic attacks. In this paper, the writer examines what panic attacks are and how they relate to anxiety disorders. The writer also discusses why panic attacks are so frequently misunderstood.

From the Paper
"The American Psychiatric Association see DSM IV defines anxiety disorders as a group of diagnosable disorders with certain shared features and certain clinical distinctions. The anxiety disorders are typically classified according to the severity and duration of their symptoms and specific behavioral characteristics. The classification categories include; Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) which is long-lasting and low-grade, Panic disorder which has more dramatic symptoms, Phobias Performance anxiety, Obsessive-compulsive ... "

Tags:panic, attacks

Abstract
This paper begins by defining what panic attacks are and attempts to explain how and why certain people get these attacks. It provides an hypothesis that there has been a rise in panic attacks in recent decades due to the higher stress factor in our personal and professional lives. The paper examines this hypothesis, its limitations and reviews literature which relates to this theory.

From the Paper
"A panic attack is a most uncomfortable but irrational feeling of impending doom and helplessness that suddenly happens in a particular place or situation. The heart pounds, breathing becomes difficult, the person trembles, feels dizzy or nauseated and feels that he is going crazy. It has been observed to occur during tense life transitions like a change of job, marriage or the birth of the first child, most often in adolescents and young adults. Because of its unpredictable nature and the fact of more and more pressure situations in today's living, it becomes a matter of concern to learn more about panic attacks."

Tags:stress

Abstract
The paper addresses two categories of panic attack; the first is actual panic attack while the second is panic disorder. The paper explains that transition to the second stage occurs through a process of anxiety caused by the initial panic attack which leads to intense anxiety about subsequent attacks and increases the likelihood of further attacks (Grillon & Lissek, 2008). The paper discusses how the etiology of panic attack is grounded in the relation between anxiety and anticipation and forms the basis for nursing interventions and the person who is experiencing panic attack needs immediate although short-term relief which is best provided by pharmacology. The care plan for a very typical case of panic attack is provided in the context of a discussion of research and empirical evidence related to the etiology and treatment of panic attack. the paper shows how panic attack is an example of a disorder where etiology directly informs both the choice of pharmacological treatment and other therapies.

From the Paper
"Two categories of panic attack are observed; the first is actual panic attack while the second is panic disorder. The transition to the second stage occurs through a process of anxiety caused by the initial panic attack which leads to intense anxiety about subsequent attacks and increases the likelihood of further attacks (Grillon & Lissek, 2008). The etiology of panic attack is grounded in the relation between anxiety and anticipation and forms the basis for nursing interventions. The person who is experiencing panic attack needs immediate although short-term relief..."

Tags:panic, management, treatment

Abstract
A panic attack happens without warning and apparently without logical reason. I had one while riding an escalator and have never felt the same way about escalators again. You experience the deepest type of fear with pounding heart and serious breathing problems. The panic disappears as quickly as it began but can leave you in terror of a recurrence. I thought that perhaps I was really stressed or even that I was becoming mentally ill. I decided to do my own research but my concern was only about the causes or etiology of panic attacks. I was surprised to discover that many university students experience panic attacks. I also learned that there are two types of panic attacks: one qualifies as a mental disorder while the other is not a clinical issue.

From the Paper
Understanding Disorders - Panic Mystery of panic attacks A panic attack happens without warning and apparently without logical reason. I had one while riding an escalator and have never felt the same way about escalators again. You experience the deepest type of fear with pounding heart and serious breathing problems. The panic disappears as quickly as it began but can leave you in terror of a recurrence. I thought that perhaps I was really stressed or even that I was becoming mentally ill. I decided to do my own research but my concern was only about the causes or etiology of panic attacks. I was surprised to discover that many

Tags:panic, disorders, etiology

Abstract
This paper provides definitions of panic disorder and panic attacks and gives an overview of their symptoms and the types of panic attacks that can occur. The writer explains that it is difficult to determine what causes panic disorder as it occurs in many different situations and contexts, often together with other phobias, disorders, or medical conditions. It is frequently associated with depression, which has important implications for the psychiatric treatment of patients. The writer concludes with a brief overview of treatments, and a recommendation for further research in order better to understand this syndrome.

Outline:
Introduction and Overview
Causative Factors
Panic Disorders and Depression
Conclusion: the Importance of Treatment

From the Paper
"In terms of these categories, one of the problematic areas of this disorder is the fact that sufferers often state that their first attack seemed to have "...come on totally "out of the blue" during an ordinary activity such as shopping or working at their desks" (Root 3). This usually leads to feelings of insecurity and loss of control and is also often associated with various tasks and situations. This has implications in terms of the way that the patient or sufferer deals with the disorder; for example "... the unpredictable nature of the acute episode which contributes so strongly to the interepisodic anxiety and avoidant coping strategies" (Root 3)."

Tags:paresthesias, fear, stress, psychological, neurosis, thyroid, endocrine, neurological

Abstract
The author begins the paper with an account of a panic attack he suffered. He then goes into the definition of panic disorder and the similar disorder anxiety disorder. He lists the symptoms, treatment, and general statistics of the two disorders. Paper includes pie graph with explanation of the statistics.

From the Paper
"According to the National Institute of Mental Health, Panic Disorder is characterized by unexpected and repeated episodes of intense fear accompanied by physical symptoms that may include chest pain, heart palpitations, shortness of breath, dizziness or abdominal distress (Facts). The first panic attack is usually the worst, especially if it is accompanied by severe physical symptoms. It is very similar to a heart attack, and since a person's mind goes into complete induced chaos and fear during such an attack people tend to think the worst, that the end is coming. Panic Disorder is a kind of severe anxiety disorder."

Tags:drugs, nervous, personality, sick, patient, paranoid, mental, illness

Abstract
This paper provides a clinical description of panic disorder, describes its symptoms, medical conditions that may trigger it, the different types of panic disorders, possible causes of the disorder, and treatment.

From the Paper
"According to Robins and Regier's 1991 study, approximately 2.4 million American adults ages 18 to 54 have panic disorder. This is 1.7 percent of people in this age group. The onset of this disorder occurs most commonly in late adolescence and early adulthood. Panic disorder is more prevalent in females than in males by approximately fifty percent."

Tags:attacks, worry, consequences, implications, behavior, intense, fear, discomfort, palpitations, pounding, heart, accelerated, heart, rate, sweating, trembling, shaking

Abstract
This paper provides a critical analysis of two articles printed on the subject of prevention of future terrorist attacks, in the New York Times and the St. Louis Dispatch. The author discusses the effects of the media, and their methods of reporting, focusing on the events of September 11, and prevention of terrorism.

From the Paper
"If we desire to analyze a current issue being represented in the media the one that comes to mind is the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center , (WTC) NY. The terrorist attacks that slammed two jet planes into the WTC and killed more than 5000 people and shook the nations around the world is the event some say of the century. But as the shock wears off and nations determine how to put forward a long-term strategy that will control terrorism the media becomes divided. Playing the role of a forum the media around the world is the integral factor in the presentation of the information---for that is what will determine public opinion.. How to prevent future attacks like that of the WTC is being presented in two aspects. We will study through an analysis of two media articles; one in the Times and the other, The St. Louis Dispatch the strategy, which will be most effective in combating terrorism.".

Tags:wtc, new, york, times, stansfield, st., louis, dispatch, panic, media, september, 11

Abstract
This paper explains that cognitive behavioral therapy is suggested for this woman and concludes that although Sarah is experiencing confusion and frustration in her pursuit for help dealing with her problem, she seems to be interested in finding that solution and taking action to resolve her as-yet unknown problem. The paper explains that she would seem a good candidate for being an active participant in her treatment and thus a good candidate for CBT.

From the Paper
"This case study discusses the treatment of Sarah, a young woman who has been experiencing anxiety attacks since approximately the time of her grandfather's death two years ago. Although there is no direct evidence that Sarah's anxiety stems from this event, given that the attacks began after three months had passed, it is clear that she was close to her grandfather and that she was distressed by his death. After the first attack, Sarah began to focus her attention on these attacks, which increased in frequency over time. These attacks are now interfering with her quality of life, in that she is so concerned over these attacks that..."

Tags:cbt, panic, therapy

Abstract
The paper discusses how a "dirty bomb" or a ready made chemical or radiological device would be the most effective way for a terrorist to attack the United States. The paper explains that these radiographic explosive devices would not only destroy relatively large areas of a city or residential area, but would disperse radiation and create psychological havoc and panic. The paper assesses the most likely targets for an attack and reveals that a terrorist could possibly target a less secure location that maximizes the damage to the infrastructure of a country. The paper explains that this could be an important energy or communications system that would affect many and strike a blow at the psychological morale of the country.

Outline:
Introduction
Possible Scenarios
Weapons and Materials
The Attack: Targets and Implementation

From the Paper
"The danger of a terrorist attack on American soil has been extensively reported and commented on in the media, especially after the events of 9/11. Many experts are of the opinion that a terrorist attack is "inevitable" at some stage in the future. This view is supported by the recent proliferation of nuclear weapons, especially after the fall of Communist Russia and there have been many reports of the sales of arms and even nuclear components on the black market.
"However, commentators also point out that the construction and implementation of a fully - fledged nuclear device is still extremely difficult and the importation of components into a country like the Unites States with its stringent security regulation after 9/11, is a difficult task for the terrorists."

Tags:nuclear, weapons, radiation, security, infrastructures, morale