Abstract
This paper depicts the economy of Panama presently providing a background of the Panama Canal and the effect of the American pullout on the economic conditions.

Tags:panama, canal, economy

Abstract
The paper speaks about the engineering marvel of the Panama Canal which was the culmination of one of modern history's great negotiating processes. The paper describes how America deliberated with the French and the Columbians to secure the rights to complete the project.

Outline:
Executive Summary
Introduction to the Problem
Identify and Define the Problem
Types of Interest
Alternative Solutions
Common Goals and Objectives
Commitment to Work Together
Building Trust
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The Americans also had to build trust with the workers who would ultimately dig the canal. Many workers for the French dig had died from the poor conditions, and the Americans needed to avoid a repeat in order to keep work moving. Unfortunately, the project got off to a poor start in 1904, when project leader John Findlay Wallace duplicated many of the French mistakes ("TR's legacy," No date). Conditions were unsanitary, the food supply was terrible, and disease began to spread again, prompting many workers to leave the project. When Wallace was replaced by John Stevens, Stevens' first priorities were to build better facilities for workers, improve sanitation efforts on the project, and to make sure the workers were well fed. These steps built trust with the disenfranchised workers, and historians widely believe that the canal would not have been completed without Stevens' intervention."

Tags:Panama, Canal, engineering, workers

Abstract
The Yellow Fever as it is known hampered the completion of the Panama Canal. This paper explores the many problems caused by the yellow fever in the building of the Panama Canal. .

Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses the history, shipping and strategic use of the Panama and Suez Canals.

From the Paper
"The Panama and Suez Canals though located across the world from each other share a number of features. Both represent major engineering feats that transformed shipping and military travel dramatically. Both represent a case in which new technology and its products were employed by foreign interests to create entities that were then controlled externally and not by the countries in which they were located. Additionally though the mechanisms by means of which the Panama Canal was placed under Panamanian control and the ..."

Tags:Suez Canal, Panama Canal

Abstract
The paper talks about the Panama Canal Treaties, why they are important to the U.S. and how we benefit from them. It further examines how President Carter was able to influence the Senate and the American people to get them to support two treaties.

From the Paper
"On September 7, 1977 President Jimmy Carter signed two treaties with Panamanian General Omar Torrijos. The first treaty, known as The Panama Canal Treaty, provided for the slow transfer of the canal and Canal Zone to Panama by December 31, 1999. Both nations under this treaty would work together to make sure that the canal operated efficiently and uninterrupted. The second treaty, known as the Neutrality Treaty, dealt with permanent neutrality and operation of the canal. Critics of The Panama Canal treaty argued that the treaty does not mention what military action the United States can take if the canal was threatened. They also argued that the Neutrality Treaty does not contain a cause for U.S. and Panamanian joint defense. Before the treaty became law it faced a tough battle for passage in the Senate."

Tags:canal, carter, panama, treaty

Abstract
This paper discusses Panama, a Central American republic, whose unique geographic location on the narrow strip of land connecting two continents (North and South America) and separating two oceans (the Pacific and Atlantic) has played a defining role in the country's history and the lives of its people. It looks at how apart from the importance of its location that gave rise to the famous Panama Canal connecting the two great oceans, the country lives in the shadow of the neighboring United States and much of its recent history and politics has been influenced by and intertwined with that of the U.S. It shows how despite these odds, the Panamanians have struggled to take charge of their own destiny by developing its own unique culture, system of government and an economy that did not depend solely on the canal.

Outline
Retrospective History of Panama
Contemporary Political History
Economic History
Social History
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Panama was "discovered" by the European/ Spanish explorers in the early sixteenth century who made it a part of the Spanish Empire, naming it the South Sea. A large number of the native Panamanian people were either killed by the colonists, died through the spread of foreign diseases against which they had no immunity or fled to remote regions of the country. Panama became an important crossroad and marketplace of the Spanish empire in the Americas. The silver, gold, spices, and other goods looted from various parts of South America were shipped to Panama City (built on the Pacific coast), carried across the strip of land (called the Isthmus) for onward journey on "treasure ships" to Spain. Panama was also an important shipment point in the slave trade from Africa during this period."

Tags:canal, culture, economy, colony, spain

Abstract
This paper is a brief description of the creation of both the Panama Canal and Suez Canal, and the historically significant changes in their usage both by the military and private sector transportation systems.
The paper explains that the Panama Canal and the Suez Canal were debuted as international maritime innovations that would completely revolutionize the entire all-water transportation industry; trades routes involving all-water shipline movement were drastically reduced, carriers turns were increased, and cargo were moved faster through the canals in much reduced time. The paper notes that, at first, the Panama Canal was considered the fastest point connecting Asia, North America, and Europe, while the British used the Suez Canal to gain control of her colonies in the Middle East and Far East. The paper concludes that, although the landbridge system now offers greater advantages, the canals brought about a major trade breakthrough, connecting many different parts of the world at the time of their creation.

From the Paper
"The use of these canals, as stated earlier, have been of a significant value over the years. Today, the reconstruction of Panama Canal is scheduled to be completed by 2014 (Rosenberg, 2007). This is an attempt to increase the size of the canal so that bigger containership vessels can travel through the canal. Bigger containship operations have since resulted to use the land-bridge system across North America to transport their container cargo from Europe to the Far East. This system allows containerships to unload their cargo unto a train on the East Coast and then move the cargo across the US to the West Coast, where they are then loaded onto another containership for the next leg of the journey to the Far East."

Tags:transportation, fleet, Navy, intermodal

Abstract
A look at the discovery of Panama and the beginnings of Panama City. The paper discusses how the city was strategically placed and how, with the canal, it has developed into an important metropolitan city of South America. History of the city since the 1500's is surveyed. The paper deals with the series of foreign rulers and explorers who controlled the city.

From the Paper
"In 1501, Spanish explorer Rodrigo de Bastidas discovered Panama in South America, which soon became a major point of dispersal for Spanish conquest and settlement in the New World (Preston 47). But of much greater value to the colonizers at the time was the City of Panama, then the capital of Castilla del Oro (later renamed into the Isthmus of Panama), and discovered in 1519 by Pedro Arias de Avila. The Isthmus served as a passage of advantage to Spanish ships between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans and between continents (Preston 46) in their sea exploration and conquest activities. Panama City's importance derived exclusively from its control of that passage or route (Blouet 726) " from the City, expeditions set out for the conquest of the Pacific side of Central America up to Nicaragua and that of the entire South American west coast up to Chile (Blouet 729)."

Tags:south, america, latin, city, explore, cosmopolitan, history, sea, route, discovery, canal

Abstract
The following paper examines Panama's impacting prospects for improving her economy. It looks at the way in which she can achieve or maintain democratic reform initiatives in the new century. This paper also includes historical facts and the unfolding of events as well as regional and global environmental factors which help provide a qualitative analysis to support the central thesis that forward movement can be sustained.

From the Paper
"Panama was part of the Spanish empire for 300 years (1538-1821), and its history and current economic and political conditions are rooted in that experience. Panamanian identity has also always been based on a sense of "geographic destiny" and Panamanian fortunes fluctuated with the changing geopolitical importance of the isthmus. The colonial experience also marked Panamanian nationalism causing its politics to be characterized by strongly anti-imperialist themes and sentiment and its society to become racially complex and highly stratified. These factors became the source of internal conflicts that ran counter to the unifying force of Panamanian nationalism. Upon its independence from Spain, Panama briefly joined with Columbia; however, when Columbia refused to allow plans for the United States to build a canal across the isthmus, Panama, with U.S. support, declared itself sovereign in 1903. Immediately, it signed a treaty with the U.S., allowing for the construction of the Panama Canal, which was completed in 1914. The U.S. saw the canal zone as theirs, while the Panamanians claimed actual ownership, causing tensions for decades."

Tags:Alaskan, oil, pipeline, creation, double-decker, railroad, cars, reduced, costs, shipping, goods, coast, supertankers, increasing, ships, pass, through, canal

Abstract
Discussion of the dictator's rule in Panama. His narco-militaristic regime. His violation of the American-Panamanian Canal treaties. Noriega's early life and career. His role as a U.S. government double agent, and in Nicaragua. The 1989 U.S. invasion of Panama. Capture of Noriega. His U.S. trial for criminal drug operations.

From the Paper
"MANUEL NORIEGA'S RULE IN PANAMA

INTRODUCTION:
Noriega was a corrupt dictator heading an efficient narco-militaristic regime in Panama. He was involved in drug trafficking, arms smuggling, money laundering, and the ruthless oppression of his people. He also systematically violated the American.Panamanian Canal treaties and harassed U.S. forces and institutions in Panama. (Sosa, 16)

The 1989 U.S. invasion of Panama was the first American use of force since 1945 that was unrelated to the cold war. It was also the first large scale use of American troops abroad since Vietnam and the most violent event in Panamanian history. It ended with the unusual capture of Manuel Antonio Noriega, Panama's head of state, who was then brought to the United States and tried for ..."