Abstract
This paper explains that Pan Arabism is an ideology encompassing Arab regional unity in the Middle East, which has risen and declined over the past several decades. The author points out that the modern version of Pan-Arabism was first promoted by Amir Hussein, who sought independence from the Ottoman Empire and the establishment of a state of Arabia. The paper stresses that Pan Arabism didn't really emerge as a regional force until after the Second World War, when the Baath Party was founded in Syria.

From the Paper
"Pan Arabism is an ideology encompassing Arab regional unity in the Middle East, and has risen and declined over the past several decades. The modern version of Pan-Arabism was first promoted by Amir Hussein, "who sought independence from the Ottoman Empire and the establishment of a state of Arabia." But Pan Arabism didn't really emerge as a regional force until after the Second World War, when the Baath Party was founded in Syria. The emerging Baath Party government in Damascus sought to unite all Arabs in the Middle East through secular appeal and featured socialist and fascist policies."

Tags:pan, arab, issues

Abstract
The idea of pan-Arabism or a political and cultural identity that includes all the Arab-speaking states has grown in strength throughout the second half of the 20th century

From the Paper
"The idea of pan-Arabism or a political and cultural identity that includes all the Arab-speaking states has grown in strength throughout the second half of the 20th century. However, this growth has not been perfectly steady or continuous. Some countries have favored the idea more than others, and favored it more or less at different times depending on their own internal needs as well as larger regional and international political circumstances.

There are a number of ironies and self-contradictions involved in ideas of pan-Arabism, some of which shall be explored later on in this paper. However, the most striking one should be noted initially. While it is true that many countries in the Middle East (as well as in other regions of the world) are united by their population's use of the Arab language, the ..."

Abstract
The paper discusses how Pan Arabism and Islam have traditionally been more important than state-based nationalism. The paper traces the development of both Islamisation and Arabisation and explains why it is unlikely that state-based nationalism will supersede Islam as a more important influence in the Middle East, particularly in countries with a large Muslim community.

From the Paper
"Islamisation and Arabisation developed together. But, not all states that undertook Islamisation were Arabised. Although they developed at the same time, the two did not originate together. Islamism's common tie is the shared religion of its followers and while Pan Arabism originated similarly, its common ties were different. Its common ties were language, culture and a shared history.
"Islamisation was the spread of the Islamic religion in the Middle East, the religion incorporates all aspects of society into its beliefs and therefore it can be independent from outside influences in law, politics and the role of the state.
"Arabism is the nationalist movement which sought to create a unified Middle East, it used history as a basis for its goals, but was relatively more unsuccessful than Islam."

Tags:culture, religion, democracy, identity

Abstract
The paper explores the concept of unity and the role of the nation state while discussing the important leaders and writers of pan-Islamism and the history of pan-Islamism to the present day. The paper offers a definition of pan-Islamism and pan-Arabism, showing that pan-Islamism is centered on the Islamic religion.

Tags:pan, islamism, muslims, religion

Abstract
Examines causes of Arab nationalism. Early Arab revolts against the Ottomans; the Wahhabi revolt & others. Roots of Arab nationalism; Asabiyya. Ottomanism & self-determination. Muslim nationalism. "Young Turk" movement. Arab reaction to World War I. Allied policy. British alliance with Hussein. "Lawrence of Arabia." Pan-Arabism. Balfour Declaration. Treaties. Creation of the Middle East.

From the Paper
"THE ARAB TRIBAL REVOLT OF WORLD WAR I AND ITS RESULT

Introduction
Few topics of study have generated as much heat as Arab nationalism. Few peoples are as poorly understood as today's Arabs. Even deciding who is an Arab or defining what is meant by Arab nationalism can easily get scholars and students into trouble, with both the Arabs and their detractors. Arab feeling is strong, and it is likely to grow stronger in the years ahead. It is also sometimes bitter, due to some of the unhappy experiences of the Arabs in the early twentieth century (Coury, 1998, 24).

The Arabs have not been united since the era of the High Caliphate, if indeed then. Furthermore, they have not ruled themselves from the time the Turks came into the region until quite ..."

Abstract
The paper relates that the question of modern Arab identity is a complex one, which is informed by complex cultural, historical, and political considerations. This paper explores the issue of a modern Arab identity in the Arabic-speaking world with reference to competing/co-existing identities in terms of nationality, class, and culture. The paper argues that while the common basis of an Arab language unifies otherwise disparate and distinct populations across the Arabic-speaking world, this pan-Arab identity is undermined to varying degrees by potent and deeply embedded national, class and cultural identities which have become increasingly important over the centuries in the Middle East and North Africa.

From the Paper
"The question of modern Arab identity is a complex one, which is informed by complex cultural, historical, and political considerations. This essay will explore the issue of a modern Arab identity in the Arabic-speaking world with reference to competing/co-existing identities in terms of nationality, class, and culture. As will be argued, while the common basis of an Arab language unifies otherwise disparate and distinct populations across the Arabic-speaking world, this pan-Arab identity is undermined to varying degrees by potent and deeply embedded national, class and cultural..."

Tags:arab, identity, world

Abstract
The paper discusses the essential features of Nasser's rule along with the primary events that shaped and exemplified his pivotal place in the history of the twentieth century Arab world. The paper briefly highlights the essential tenets of Arab nationalism and goes on to show how, although Nasser attempted to instill widespread nationalist unity in the Arab world, he nonetheless ultimately failed to fully bring about his Pan Arab ideals. The paper believes that the Arab world's strong national basis for its identity caused the failure of the Arab nationalist movement.

From the Paper
"Gamel Abdel Nasser arguably played a greater part in the development of Arab nationalism than any of his contemporises. Indeed, for many years he embodied the central premises of the nationalist ideology and in many respects represented its figurehead in the Arab world. The roots of Arab nationalism can be found in the early years of the twentieth century and therefore Nasser did not play a role in the movements' beginnings. However, during his tenure as President of Egypt from 1956 to 1970 he did more than anyone to foster and propel the vision of an Arab world united in ideology and spirit."

Tags:Egypt, ideology, Middle, East

From the Paper
"This paper will discuss the evolution of the Ba'ath Party in Iraq and Syria, concentrating upon the different methods used by the party leaders in each country to consolidate power. The first part of the paper will briefly discuss the history of the Ba'ath Socialist Party prior to the events which brought each to power in Iraq and Syria. The second part of the paper will examine the philosophical underpinnings of the Party and their relationship to the Ba'ath governments in Iraq and Syria. The third part of the paper will compare the histories of the Ba'ath parties after they came to power in the two countries and the characteristics of the leaders who presently rule the two countries, Saddam Husein and Hafiz al-Asad.

The Ba'ath Socialist Party had its roots in the Arab nationalis ... "

From the Paper
" RECENT DEVELOPMENTS AND 19TH CENTURY TRENDS
This research paper explains how the emergence and spread of nationalisms, the revolutions of mid-century; the exploitation of oil and Islamic populism resulted from and accelerated trends that have been ongoing since the nineteenth century.

Emergence and Spread of Nationalisms
Nationalism has taken various forms in the Middle East, Islamic nationalism, an appeal to the unity of all Muslims, pan-Arabism, the common concerns of Arabs and country or national collectiveness. Appeals to all three types of nationalism developed in the 19th century. After the Ottoman Empire captured Cairo in 1517, it succeeded to the claims of the former Arab Caliphate to speak for all Muslims. It was, therefore, natural that 19th century Ottoman government reformers would appeal to.."

From the Paper
" IMPACT OF IDEAS ON THE ALGERIAN INDEPENDENCE MOVEMENT
This research paper deals with the influence of ideas and ideology on the development of the Algerian independence movement. In the first phase of that movement beginning in the late 19th century and leading up to the Algerian War (1954-1961), a combination of Algerian nationalism and Western political thought (primarily French) played an important role in fueling Algerian demands for greater autonomy or independence from France. During the War, nationalism of a bitter and savage variety helped weld unity among the Algerian population and nationalist ideology in the form of propaganda helped the Algerian Front de Liberation Nationale (FLN) to end the war and grant Algerian independence despite the fact that the French army at all times had military superiority over the nationalists. "