Abstract
This paper examines how the Palestinian people have met with many instances of discrimination in Israel, leading to their entrapment as a dominated people. It looks at how steps are being taken by the international community and organizations to provide both a state for the Palestinian people, as well as greater rights and power within the current Jewish state.

Outline
Introduction and Terminology
History
Politics
Economics
Education
Society and Statistics
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The economic disparities between the Palestinian Arabs and the Jews evidence a clear discrimination taking place against the Palestinians. Without economic capital, there is little hope for change for the Arabs in Israel especially since their economic disadvantage is cemented in by a lack of representation within the Israeli government. However, over the past several years many Arab nations have been pouring funds into Palestine in support of an independent Palestinian state. Unfortunately, much of this money has gone to the purchase of weapons, the funding of terrorist organizations, and into the pockets of the Palestinian leaders."

Tags:arafat, economics, education, muslim, plo

Abstract
This paper explains the concepts of political identity. The author relates the history of the Palestinian-Israeli conflict and Islamic political identity. The paper examines the likelihood of resolution.

From the Paper
"Political identity is a difficult concept to grasp because it inherently juxtaposes many different concepts. On the one hand, there is political affiliation, which can depend on economic factors social factors and moral factors. On the other hand, there is the no ..."

Tags:political identity, middle east, arab, jew, israel, palestine, intifada

Abstract
The Arabs in Israel belong to the larger Palestinian/Arab community, but instrumentally, they belong to Israel as their state of citizenship where they must have their daily needs met. While they enjoy a range of rights, they do not have equal rights with Jews since Israel is a state of the Jewish people. Discrimination against the Palestinian citizens has been reconciled with Israeli democracy on the basis that the Palestinians are a potential threat to the security of the state.

Tags:arabs, in, israel

Abstract
This paper argues that to understand the suggested two-state solution for Israel and the Palestinians, one must first understand the origins of the conflict. An overview of the history is presented from the Palestinian viewpoint. Conditions that the Palestinians side deems necessary for a two-state solution are presented in a list format. The author concludes that the greatest impediment to the two-state solution, however, is trust on both sides.

From the Paper
" In essence the various political events in the region over the past century have created two separate and opposing realities or "narratives". The first is the Israeli narrative of the horror of the Holocaust, coupled with claims to the Holy lands which are seen as being ordained by God to the Jewish people. This has resulted in the occupation of Palestine and the violence, demolition of houses etc. More importantly it leads to what is perceived as the denial of Palestinian autonomy and a reduction of a sense of dignity and the very right to their narrative or political history."

Tags:Israel, Palestine, two-state, solution

Abstract
This paper discusses the policy problems faced by Israel and Lebanon in the aftermath of the 2006 war, with focus on the role of Hezbollah. A historical summary is followed by discussion and evaluation of policy options. The paper concludes that while Lebanon can do little to resolve the problem, Israel would serve both its own interests and those of Lebanon by renewed efforts toward a peace settlement with the Palestinians.

From the Paper
" In the summer of Israel launched massive air strikes against much of Lebanon and sent troops into southern Lebanon in an attempt to militarily crush Hezbollah, a militia and political organization o fLebanese Shia. Since the end of the previous Israeli occupation of southern Lebanon, which lasted from ... to ... Hezbollah has established itself both as a major political force in Lebanon as a whole and as a state within a state in southern Lebanon from which it launched sporadic but persisting rocket..."

Tags:Middle East, Hezbollah, Lebanon, Israel, Palstinians, Lebanon, Hezbollah

Abstract
This paper considers the terrorist threats faced by Israel, mostly in the period since the Six Day War, and assesses Israeli counter-terrorist efforts. It covers Israel's evolving counter-terrorist strategy and considers its effectiveness given the changing terrorist landscape in the area. It concludes with recommendations for future Israeli counter-terrorist policies.

From the Paper
"Throughout its short, 55-year history, the State of Israel has existed in a constant state of emergency stemming from the unwavering military and terrorist threats posed by opposition groups inside and outside the nation's borders. Nearly a century of political violence " propagated in the region by neighboring states, foreign terrorist organizations, and internal dissidents since even before Israel's founding in 1948 " has profoundly shaped the history, politics, and culture of Israel and, to a large extent, the world's Jewish population. Israel was formed in the midst of a decades-old conflict in the Middle East, and despite several large strides towards a peaceful existence in the time since, she still finds herself enmeshed in a bloody battle for survival and tranquility with many of her familiar foes."

Tags:hamas, hizballah, mideast, palestinians, Middle, East

Abstract
This well-researched paper examines the ongoing conflict between Israel and the Palestinians, while focusing on the various events that led to the decision to construct a security wall that would separate the two nations. This paper discusses Israel's implementation of "Operation Defensive Wall", which came about in 2002 in response to a suicide bombing in which 28 Israelis were killed by Palestinian terrorists that infiltrated Israel's borders. This in-depth paper analyzes Israel's history from its birth as a state in 1948 to the present as well as the country's continuous battle to survive amidst hostile Arab neighbors such as Syria. The writer of this paper contends that there are various options to maintaining a lasting peace between Israel and the Palestinians which do not include the security fence. One option would be to offer financial incentives to the Palestinians while another would be for Israel to withdraw to the pre-1967 borders. This paper discusses the pros and cons involved in Israel returning occupied land to the Palestinians in hopes for peace and lasting security.

From the Paper
"Since the end of formal hostilities in 1973, the attacks on Israel from its hostile neighbors have been replaced by shadowy groups that rely more on terror tactics than infantry and tanks. First the PLO, which led to Israel's invasion of Southern Lebenon in 1982 and subsequently Hizbollah, which was formed in 1983, and Hamas in 1988. Both of these groups had, as their stated intention, the murder of every Jew and the destruction of the state of Israel and its allies. It was after twenty years of these terrorist tactics, and the lives of hundreds of innocent Israelis, that Israel began to consider building a fence around its borders. It would be almost another ten years before it finally implemented this tactic. Israel's decision to build a wall separating itself from external threats has become a controversial one. Seen within Israel as the best chance to reduce or eliminate terrorism, and solidify the border between the Jewish state and the Palestinian state, it is viewed by much of the outside world as a symbol of oppression."

Tags:middle, east, security, wall, plo, arab, jews, conflict, government, political, palestinian, terror

Abstract
This paper explains that Israel's decision to build a security wall is controversial: Israel sees it as its best chance to reduce or eliminate terrorism and to solidify the border between the Jewish state and the Palestinian state; however, it is viewed by much of the outside world as a symbol of oppression against the Palestinians. The author lists alternative policies as (1) military incursions, which have not ended the terror in the past, (2) financial incentives similar to trade relations with Egypt, Jordan and Syria but there is enough money in the world to buy-off the terrorists, (3) withdrawal to the pre-1967 border and abandon the Jewish settlements on the West Bank, which meanings relocating massive numbers of Jewish settlers, and (4) end all military action, remove the fence and attempt to negotiate, which has proven to be very difficult even after the death of Yasser Arafat. The paper concludes that none of the alternatives presented have much chance to succeed; therefore, the building of the wall appears to be the best political choice especially since every nation has a right to protect its borders: The question is will the wall stop terrorism.

Table of Contents
Definition of Problem
Factual Background
Alternative Policies
Policy Evaluation
Policy Prescription
Maps

From the Paper
"The current structure being erected is not the first attempt to protect Israel from attacks by building fences. On May 29, 1938, the British under the leadership of Sir Charles Taggert began building a wall along the Lebanese border that was designed to protect Jewish settlers and British soldiers from attacks by Arab bands. This wall was called the Taggert Wall after the British counter terrorism expert who had gained his experience as a member of the British police force in India. He came to Palestine to coordinate the various security services, and erected a security fence along the northern border to prevent the infiltrations of terrorists. The structure managed to anger both the Jewish and Arab settlers, as it crossed pasture land and private property. After the threat from outlaw bands was over, the wall was dismantled. Later, in 1983, after the Israeli Defense Forces occupation in southern Lebenon was ended, a wall was built on the same border."

Tags:terrorism, palestinian, alternatives, incursions, negotiation

Abstract
This paper is highly critical of the existence of Israel, claiming it has destroyed the Middle East. The author traces the early Zionist movement and the history of the Israel, while consistently denying the legitimacy of a Jewish homeland. The paper invokes well-known anti-Israel sources to support its thesis. The paper also challenges what he describes as myths about the development and existence of Israel. For instance, the author claims it is disingenuous to refer to Israel's War of Independence, when she was attacked by the entire Arab world, as a David and Goliath battle. He states that Israel "knew what they were up against and it was not much..." After critiquing Israel's actions in various wars against Arab countries, the author turns to international support for Israel. He is critical, in particular, of the United States' "blind" support for the Jewish state. The paper concludes by examining Israel's treatment of the Palestinian people, asking why a nation that had suffered in the Holocaust would 'turn around and do the same thing to someone else.'

From the Paper
""The Zionist argument to justify Israel's present occupation of Arab-Palestine has no intelligent or legal basis in history" (Shabazz 1). Omowale 'Malcolm X' Shabazz, an activist for Arab-Palestine, gave that statement in one of his articles arguing the Zionist movement. Malcolm X argued the basis of Israeli occupation is on the religious claim there forefathers lived there a thousand years ago. But he goes on to say that the Moors occupied Spain a thousand years ago, would this then give them a legal right to invade the Iberian Peninsula? The Zionist movement consisted of a revival of a Jewish nation state in an area known as Palestine. The Israeli invasion, however, has brought upon more turmoil and unrest than good. The development of an Israeli state has had an ill-fated effect on the inhabitants of all races and religions in the Middle East."

Tags:Israelis, Jews, Palestine, Palestinian, Arab, occupation

Abstract
This paper explains that, although Zionists, who are people who believed that Jews should return to their ancient homeland, became active as early as the 19th century, the events of the 20th century resulted in the formation of the country of Israel. While many Israelis wanted to return to the land of their Biblical heritage, Palestine, Arabs in the Middle East did not think they should have to give up land for the new country. The author points out that two events in Israel's history since its formal establishment in 1947 show important facts about the country's history: the Six Day War in which the invading Arabs lost the Arab-designated area of Palestine, and the intifada, the current war over the Arabs desire to reclaim this land, a conflict over which both sides can be seen as both "right" and "wrong" and represents the greatest problem facing Israel today. The paper stresses that Israel's accomplishments are incredible in its 48 years. Israel has not yet worked out a solution to the problem of dislocated Palestinians. Through its military victories, Israel has demonstrated that warfare cannot solve this problem and that a peaceful solution will have to be found.

Table of Contents
Introduction
Recent History
Israel's Successes

From the Paper
"As with any country's history, the victors write the history. Since Israel has managed to defend itself in multiple wars, Israel is the one who tells the story of those wars. Because of the Balfour Declaration endorsed by the League of Nations and supported by major powers of the world, Israel felt both morally and legally entitled to the land they occupied in Palestine. Critics note that this may have engendered an attitude by Israel that they were not responsible for the resulting Palestinian refugees. Cesarani (PAGE) notes that recent research by historians has shed new light on these issued."

Tags:wars, arabs, balfour, intifada, peace