Abstract
This paper discusses that the Pakistani-American community began as a strictly Muslim and strictly Pakistani enclave of immigrants who tried to maintain their traditional customs to the highest degree possible, but as time goes by their social customs are modified by the American culture. The author points out that the Pakistani practice of keeping males and females completely segregated has worked against preserving intra-community marriage because young people have to make friends with others in the community, since they are kept away from people their own age in their own community.

Table of Content
Introduction
Immigration
Cultural Background
Kinship
Marriage Customs
A Changing Community
The Traditional Wedding
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Purdah is practiced in different ways, depending on family tradition, region, class and rural or urban residence. However, there is nowhere that unrelated men and women mix freely. The most extreme restraints are found in parts of the North West Frontier Province and Balochistan. In those locales, women almost never leave their homes except when they marry and almost never meet unrelated men. They may not be allowed contact even with male cousins on their mother's side--in a patrilinear society; these men are not classed as relatives. At the same time, women have only very formal relations with those men they are allowed to meet, which might include the father in law, paternal uncles, and brothers in law. Interestingly, poor rural women have greater mobility because they are expected to work and are responsible for transplanting rice seedlings, weeding crops, raising chickens, selling eggs and stuffing wool or cotton into comforters (razais). Women are more circumscribed once the family becomes more prosperous and begins to aspire to higher status, for then it is common to require stricter purdah among women as a first social change."

Tags:immigrants, modified, male, female, friends, kinship, marriage, changing, traditional, wedding

Abstract
This paper examines the substantial racial disparities in the US health care system between African Americans and Caucasian Americans. The paper further describes how the system treats those who are white far better than it treats those who are black. With this in mind, the paper explores the various parts of a most unsettling issue. The paper also considers the legacy of slavery and how it has shaped the treatment of African-Americans within the health care system. The paper concludes that America did not resolve the slavery problem and, in the realm of medical care, remains incomplete today.

From the Paper
"It is a sad, lamentable fact: there are substantial racial disparities in our health care system between African Americans and Caucasian Americans; in other words, the system treats those who are white far better than it treats those who are black. With this in mind, the ensuing several pages will explore the various parts of a most unsettling issue. To commence, the essay will look at the legacy of slavery and how it has shaped - sometimes in overt ways, sometimes in insidious ways - the treatment of African-Americans within the health care system. This section is of critical import insofar as it illuminates how America's resolution of the..."

Tags:african, americans, health, care

Abstract
This paper highlights the commonalities and differences in the immigration and integration process of African and Asian-Americans. The focus is on the hardships endured by both groups. The author points out how both groups endured difficult voyages to reach America, although the Chinese paid a fee to come while the blacks were brought against their will. Also illustrated is the racism both groups endured upon their arrival to America, which often included violence. The author concludes that although both groups have gained freedom and rights in modern America, they still face prejudice and racism in various parts of their lives.

From the Paper
"Asian Americans and African Americans both had to immigrate to the United States, they were not native to the area. African Americans were some of the first immigrants to arrive; most of them were initially brought here against their will to serve as slaves in both the North and South of the eastern United States. There are records of slaves and free blacks living in the U.S. in the 1700s and by the early1800s, there were thousands of blacks working as slaves on the great plantations of the South."

Tags:African-Americans, Asian-Americans, ethnicity, multiculturalism, racism, immigration

Abstract
This paper gives an account of the manner in which African Americans as a group are perceived by whites to behave. It further discusses how the white culture thinks African Americans should behave. According to the paper, whites set higher standards for African Americans. A history of slavery and racism in the U.S. Civil Rights movement is also examined.

From the Paper
"The purpose of this research is to examine assumptions about culture and race that help explain the way one demographic group, African Americans, is perceived to behave. The plan of the research will be to set forth the historical and social context in which issue fronts emerge on this topic and then discuss the content of misaligned logic and prejudices that inform faulty cultural and racial assumptions associated with the African Americans. In the background of any meaningful discussion of culture and race in the United States there looms..."

Tags:Zora Neale Hurston, African Americans, Martin Luther King, civil rights, affirmative action, W.E.B. Dubois, black culture, perceptions of blacks

Abstract
This paper discusses the issue of Native American slavery during colonial times in America. It references books and professional publications to determine the cause of this slavery, how it existed in relation to the slavery of African Americans, who was involved in the slave trade, the politics of the issues, and how the slave trade for Native Americans came to an end.

From the Paper
"Americans are taught that there have been many injustices throughout history with regard to civil rights. While we learn about the plight of the African American who endured slavery, and the Japanese that were imprisoned in this country after the bombing of Pearl Harbor, there is little that has been written about the enslavement of Native Americans by the British when America was in its infancy. Though the information that is now available is incomplete, it presents a picture of the lives of the Native Americans during this time period that was unbearably harsh and unnecessary. Yet, it is a part of American history that should not be ignored. As colonists began to settle in the United States from England, they had originally begun a trading relationship with Native Americans in South Carolina (Perdue, 2003, p. 670). Native Americans offered labor to the colonists in exchange for manufactured goods from Europe."

Tags:native, americans, slavery

Abstract
Often people have the wrong concept of an American Indian. Children 's conception of Native Americans often is developed from the media. Often Native Americans are sent to school and lose their concept of the Native American as well as the language of their people.

Tags:the, native, americans

Abstract
This paper describes the differing beliefs and outlooks of the Native Americans versus the European Colonists in the early 1600s. This author evaluates their differing views on such topics as technology, religion, the environment, women's rights, and slavery. The paper gives an honest appraisal of both sides' views and prejudices about the other. The author concludes that these base differences between the two sets of peoples, the Europeans and the Native Americans, were what sparked the distrust held by both nations that endured for hundreds of years.

From the Paper
"The European colonists and the Native Americans of North American had very different views on nearly everything they encountered in their lives. Living in vastly different cultures lead both groups to generally have two extremely different outlooks on four main topics; religious beliefs, the environment, social relations, and slavery, differences which the colonists used this to their advantage when conquering the peoples of the New World."

Tags:prejudice, Native, Americans, Colonists, 1600's, technology, religion, environment, women's, rights, slavery, war

Abstract
The following paper examines how a number of black Americans lived through tumultuous times and faced brutal racism, however despite the hardships they all went through they are success stories. The writer focuses on their history, how some came out of impoverished backgrounds and others from modest income families. This paper briefly looks at the successes and failures of Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, Oprah Winfrey, Tiger Woods , Bill Cosby, Sarah King and Michael Jordan, their inner strength of spirit, and the way in which over the years they have transformed themselves as they worked towards making their dreams a reality.

From the Paper
"Of course, there was the memory of Martin Luther King. The flamboyant Jesse Jackson was often on news programs. Oprah Winfrey was the one black person who not only gained entry into millions of living rooms but also was welcomed warmly. For years Black Americans gained recognition for their ability in baseball, basketball, football and tennis. But it was Oprah who changed the viewpoints of millions of Americans who identified with the compassionate woman. She not only became a household name, but a woman whom viewers held in high esteem regardless of their race. Her political agenda transcended party lines. She wanted to make a difference for black people, and to make this world a better place. She is respected for her ethical and moral approach to the issues of today. "Her style reached out and connected with what every woman was thinking because she asked the questions and said the things that they understood." (Mair 78) There weren't a lot of black people on Chicago television in 1985, but Oprah's show A.M. Chicago was a big hit."

Tags:prejudice, racism, spokespersons, white, Americans, recognition, politics, agenda, ethical, moral

Abstract
This paper discusses cultural identity and how people who live in multi-cultural societies may identify themselves as a citizen of that country, but they feel that they belong to a different cultural group. The writer describes how, as an American Pakistani, she identifies with two cultures and tries to somehow make a connection between the two cultures that she grew up in.

From the Paper
"As an American Pakistani, I try to somehow make a connection between the two cultures that I grew up in. Despite the fact that I am completely open to interacting with any culture, I must admit that I find a sense of stability in being close to people that come from the same cultural group as I am. The bonding factor between me and other Pakistanis students, besides similar experiences as we grew up, is religion. Although we are not fanatics as people tend to classify us, religion is an important factor in our lives and as a college student or as a member of any collective, I tend to get close to people that share my beliefs. After September 11, the need for relating to other people that were going through the same as experience as I did increased and I grew closer to people from the same cultural group as I. It is hard to receive understanding from people that can not understand you because they have different cultural backgrounds. Of course, the fact that I relate more to Pakistanis students does not mean that I alienate myself from society. We still live in a multicultural environment that we must adapt to."

Tags:experience, society, immigrants

Abstract
The paper presents a brief history of intrusions into Afghanistan and focuses on the Soviet incursion into Afghanistan in 1979 and the eventual rise of the Taliban. The paper explores the Taliban and its leader, Mullah Mohammad Omar, and then shows how the concept of classical realism applies to Afghanistan vis-a-vis the U.S. interests involved. The paper argues that the U.S. cannot win the war in Afghanistan because there are simply too many young Muslim men around the world who despise America, who train on the Pakistani-Afghan border areas, and are easily radicalized and brought in as suicide bombers or fighters with no fear of death. The paper predicts that American public opinion will eventually grow weary of another endless war and President Obama will see the futility of the U.S. engagement in Afghanistan.

Outline:
Introduction / Thesis
Brief History of Unwelcome Intrusions Into Afghanistan
Explanation of the Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan
Rise of the Taliban - Who are the Taliban?
Theoretical Construct
Conclusion

From the Paper
"According to Seddon, Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev was worried about the U.S. support for the mujahideen so he sent in Soviet troops and MI-24 helicopter gunships and captured Kabul in December 1979. In response to the Soviet invasion, Islamic rebel forces - the U.S. referred to them as "freedom fighters" - came from other countries to join in the insurgency against the PDPA (Seddon, p. 190). Money and military supplies to support the freedom fighters came from Iran, China, the U.S., Pakistan and other gulf states; interestingly Osama bin Laden was among the Islamic volunteer fighters that eventually pushed the Soviet Union out of Afghanistan (Seddon, p. 191)."

Tags:Taliban, Omar, Islam, classical, realism, terrorism, mujahideen, Pakistan