Abstract
This paper deals with workplace stress from many perspectives. It starts with the modern definition of stress using stimulus and response. It also examines the various causes and consequences of stress. The consequences, measured in both quantitative and qualitative terms, are analyzed from the viewpoint of employers and employees. Lastly, the paper explains why managers are concerned with workplace stress.

From the Paper
"Stress is an everyday occurrence in one s life. It is the wear and tear on one s body caused by pressures and problems one experiences in day-to-day life. In general, stress is perceived to be an unpleasant effect that has a negative impact on performance. However, research showed that stress is not entirely bad (Hellriegel, Slocum & Woodman, 1995). In fact, depending on an individual s ability and method of coping, certain degree of stress is essential for survival in life. As such, stress can mean different things to different people."

Tags:absenteeism, anxiety, apathy, compensation, conflict, depression, disease, frustration, health, heart, illness, lawsuits, mental, overload, physiology, politics, pressures, psychology, relationship, security, stress, workplace

Abstract
The paper identifies the typical work-related stressors and paints a picture of the stress experienced in the workplace by those in the legal services profession. The paper then explores three areas of organizational management that are key in avoiding and overcoming stress in the workplace; project management, information management and operations management. The paper shows how these three areas of organizational management are critically required in order to promote effectiveness, efficiency and best practices in the organization.

Outline:
Scenario
Purpose of the Study
Importance of the Study
Methodology
Introduction
Work-Related Stressors Identified
Overview of Today's Legal Services Profession
Workplace Stress and Employee Burnout
Project Management
Information Management
Operations Management
Summary and Conclusion

From the Paper
"The stress experienced in the workplace by those in the legal services profession, whether through government funded initiatives or whether a law firm handling issues for their clients is often the primary aspect that demands focus but receives the least because it is such a sensitive issue to deal with. Societal paces in the hive-like fashion of fast-paced and rapidly expanding technology linking the world leaves the individual frazzled, burned out feeling like war heroes due to the internalization of this stress and the organizational inflexibilities that drive this stress both in and among workers in today's legal society. Policy and legislation of powers has rapidly altered the landscape of that which constitutes the 'law' or 'legal' aspects of the law firm has these firm scrambling to make meaning of the rules of play in many areas and on many levels of the legal system in today's society."

Tags:pressures, stressors, project, information, operations, management

Abstract
A pretest-post-test, control group design was used to investigate effects of the "F/O Holding Technique". The subjects in the present study were 40 females and 40 males, who were randomly selected and contacted by the researcher to volunteer to participate. Subjects were pre-tested for existing job stress levels with the "Work Stress Inventory" stress test. They then received training in the "F/O Technique" and were instructed to continue with its use. Subjects were post-tested after three weeks. Results of the analysis of variance performed, confirmed the hypotheses that the "F/O Holding Technique" reduces hairdressers levels of job stress, and the effects were stable across gender. Additional study findings were that females tended to experience higher stress levels than males and that females tended to be more positive about the "F/O Holding Technique" than males. Implications of the study results are that the "F/O Holding Technique" is effective for stress reduction in male and female hairdressers.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Statement of the Purpose
Definitions of Terms
Applied Kinesiology
F/O Holding Technique
Job Stress
Thought Field Therapy
Limitations of the Study
Review of Literature
Introduction
Nature of Stress
Section Summary
Job Stress
Section Summary
Nature of Workplace Stress and
Causative Factors
Section Summary
Relation of Job Stress to Gender
Section Summary
Stressors Associated with Hairdressers
Section Summary
Research on Thought Field Therapy
Section Summary
Psychology, Thought Field Therapy and the
F/O Holding Technique
Section Summary
Conclusions
Methodology
Overview of Study
Research Methods
Subjects
Instruments
Work Stress Inventory
Perceptions and Satisfaction Instrument
Procedures
Results
Data Analysis Plan
Findings
Supplementary Analysis
Appraised Stress
Frequency of Job Stress
Discussion of Findings
Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations
Summary
Conclusions
Recommendations
Conceptual Recommendations
Methodological Recommendations
Recommendations for Hairdressers
References
Appendices
Appendix A: F/O Training Methods
Appendix B: The F/O Holding Technique Questionnaire
Appendix C: Consent Form
Appendix D: Permission Letter for WSI
Appendix E: WSI

From the Paper
"It should be noted that while there are several studies indicating that gender is associated with a differential experience of work stress; there are also studies that have found no effects for gender. For example, Hipps and Halpin (1993) investigated the amount of variance in burnout and job satisfaction of teachers and principles which could be accounted for by workplace stress; the authors also examined whether levels of stress were differentially associated with differences in sample subjects' ages, and gender."

Tags:employment, wellness, organizational behavior, occupational therapy

Abstract
This paper provides an overview of several recent articles that deal with the common issue of how to efficiently manage stress, especially in the workplace.

From the Paper
"In addition, we found that stress could be detrimental to both the body and the mind. Our investigation illustrated that stress can result in high blood pressure and heart disease. In addition, stress can also lead to anxiety and depression. The physical and mental problems that can be caused by stress can also lead to poor job performance. We found that the most effective ways to deal with stress are through exercise and other coping mechanisms."

Tags:control, workplace

Abstract
This paper explains that the authors of "Workplace Sexual Harassment" stress that this problem is a complex issue, marrying human psychology and human sexual and cultural assumptions with the daily demands of the business environment in which, to some degree, personal relations are always stressful. The author points out that Levy and Paludi's text offers case studies centering on the establishment and enforcement of an effective workplace policy statement prohibiting harassment and the enforcement of grievance procedures for investigating complaints. The paper relates that the book emphasizes that the law should not become the first and only recourse for those individuals experiencing forms of sexual harassment in the workforce; rather, companies should have a comprehensive education program for existing employees and a training program for new staff members to prevent sexual harassment even before it begins.

From the Paper
"No CEO worth his or her salary would feel that the company was legally, ethically, or morally off the hook if someone came to his office and was told, "Hey, I embezzled $10,000 from the company, but I'm planning to put it back in a couple of weeks, so don't tell anyone." No one got hurt, right, so what's the trouble, even if the law was violated? However, similar complaints and concerns that raise the red flag of sexual harassment that is occurring in the workplace are often just as readily ignored."

Tags:complaints, complex, relationships, enforcement, procedures

Abstract
The paper relates that stress is a workplace hazard and it is undeniable that technology has helped achieve tremendous improvement in productivity. However, it transpires that technology has also contributed to a great increase in stress levels among employees. The paper states that corporate management should focus on identifying and eliminating distressing issues, conducting periodic assessments and promoting a working environment that minimizes stress. The paper emphasizes that the characteristics of good management involves identifying and eliminating distressing issues, conducting periodic assessments, and promoting a working environment that would minimise stress. This can only be achieved by a proactive and employee friendly policy.

Outline:
Introduction
Stress In Workplace
Downsizing: The Workplace Hazard
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Attrition is a common problem in the stress filled environment. To quote from a recent article that appeared in the 'The Economist', "it costs one-and-a-half times a worker's salary and benefits to replace them and that retaining just 20 workers a year, who would otherwise have left, saves a company $2.6 million per year." (Richard Geller) Thus, stress management programs help prevent attrition and contribute positively to both the employee as well as the organization. High stressed work environment is a more common feature in high tech industries. With constant changes in technology, the necessity to learn and adapt to new changes gives considerable stress to workers. In fact, it would not be far fetched to say that stress has become very much a part of the business these days. As Odette Pollar, president of Oakland-based Time Management Systems and a well know authority on 'stress in the workplace' puts it, "Adjusting to new technologies --like the web, networks, personal communications --that have saturated today's workplace is creating new demands on workers, and that's causing more stress. The question is, how to make technology work in our favor without compromising our health and well-being."

Tags:workplace, stress, management

Abstract
This paper examines how the increased use of technology in today's workplace has had a largely negative effect on workplace stress and reviews two articles on the topic. The applicability of each of the articles in relation to a type of organization similar to the law/claims group of a public utility is also analyzed, giving recommendations. The two articles are Michael C. Dennis's "Technology and Stress in the Workplace", which focuses closely on the newly emerging impact of technology-mediated stress in the credit industry, and the State of Utah's article,"Workplace Stress".

From the Paper
"The State of Utah's article can be applied to a public utilities law/claims group type of organization. Employees in such an organization are likely to share the feeling that workplace stress is an ingrained feature of office life. Further, these employees likely share the impression that there is little that can be done to combat technology-fueled workplace stress. Importantly, the characteristics of those who deal well with workplace stress can also be applied to employees in the field of public utilities."

Tags:utah, michael, dennis

Abstract
This paper researches organizational behavior trends and the influence it has on ethics and decision-making. The paper also discusses the impact of technology on work-related stress. The paper further reviews various books and articles discussing this subject.

Overview:
Objective
Changes in the American Workplace
Worker Fear Associated With Technology
Technology Presents a New Ethical Dilemma

From the Paper
"There appears to be an ethical dilemma presented by the technological advancements of today's work environment and the worker's perception of job security which leads one to question the plausibility and the necessity of company sponsored training for workers in the area of technology an information technology. Ethical considerations are critical within an organization because failure to consider such issues may cause permanent damages to employees, result in employee turnover rates being extremely high and as well may negatively affect the organizational productivity overall. Briesch (2005) states in his work that: "Work-related stress is on the rise and job satisfaction has declined from 59% in 1995 to less than 49% in 2003. These three things - health, happiness, and productivity - are the essential ingredients of a good society. Improvement in productivity alone, which is almost the sole emphasis of many organizations today, is not enough."

Tags:productive, environment, stress, management

Abstract
This paper examines how injuries in the workplace today are significantly lower than in the past because workers are expecting a safe and healthy work environment and employers are increasingly realizing the benefits of maintaining a safe work place for their employees. The author points out that the most significant and effective methods to reduce the number of accidents in the workplace is the use of training and the education of the workforce to make workers constantly aware of the hazards that exist and to provide them with the most effective protection. It also points out that injuries caused by acts of terrorist and foul play by nefarious element cannot always be controlled; however, abdicating responsibility is not being accepted as a fair defense anymore.
Outline
Introduction
Purpose and Importance of this Study
Hypothesis
Limitations of this Study
Definitions of Key Terms
Overview of the Study
Literature Review
Stress and Injuries in the Workplace
Training of Employees to Reduce Injury on the Job
Injuries and Workmen Compensation
Injuries due to Exposure
Injuries and Proper Documentation
Safety Conditions beyond the Ability of the Organization
Methodology
Focus and Limitation of Study
The Chemical Industry
Significance of the Chemical Industry
Workforce in this Industry
The Petroleum Industry
Crude Oil and the Distillation Process
Workforce in the Petroleum Industry
Discussion
Recommendation and Conclusions
Recommendations

From the Paper
"The effect of the new technology on the labor force also takes some time to be noticed. This lag in the adaptation of a new technology and the length of the lag between the adaptation and its initial introduction into the company is always critical for any new invention. Thomas Jefferson never failed to state the role of science and technology in producing social change and economic growth. He said, "As new discoveries are made, new truths discovered and manners and opinions change with the change of circumstances, institutions must also advance to keep pace with the times." Organizations are spending a lot of time and money in ensuring that the workplace is safe. Advancement in fire fighting technology, better information and knowledge dispersion, setting up of checks and balances through the effective use of software is also increasingly being observed."

Tags:osha, negligence, environment, training, responsibility