Abstract
The paper discusses how to be considered globally integrated and to adopt globalization as an operational paradigm, one of the greatest necessities is infrastructure; both technological and physical. The paper explains that many countries, in a drive to join the global economy and take advantage of the benefits globalization offers, are in a mad rush to develop, for as researchers have noted, technology networks have been one of the most heavily invested in areas of commerce over the last twenty years and this investment is increasing rather than decreasing.

From the Paper
"To be considered globally integrated and, in fact, to adopt globalization as an operational paradigm, one of the greatest necessities is infrastructure; both technological and physical. Many countries, in a drive to join the global economy and take advantage of the benefits globalization offers, are in a mad rush to develop, for as researchers have noted, technology networks have been one of the most heavily invested in areas of commerce over the last twenty years and this investment is increasing rather than decreasing (Brynjolfsson & Urban, 2001, pp.14-21)."

Tags:outsourcing, bush, policies

Abstract
This paper discusses the growing phenomenon of outsourcing. It describes and analyzes the economic paradigm in which the two corporate strategies of outsourcing and off-shoring can exist. The paper also discusses the characterizations of globalization and how this relates to outsourcing, insourcing and off-shoring. Finally, the paper discusses the Bush administration's involvement with outsourcing.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Outsourcing/Insourcing
The Necessity of Outsourcing
The Necessity of Insourcing
The Bush Administration and Outsourcing
Conclusions

From the Paper
"Future trends in outsourcing, off-shoring, and insourcing will reflect the growing attention paid to IP and core business competencies. Business process outsourcing that relies on automated IT solutions will continue to be grow in outplacement while some business transformation IT activities, such as customized business solutions and optimized IT platforms will be insourced or simply kept in-house (Hormozi, Hostetler & Middleton, 2003). Another is that outsourcing that will grow relative to IT applications is application management outsourcing where duplicate applications are brought under the management of single applications and platforms through the use of a 3rd party provider (Taylor, 2002). These trends will increasingly crystallize into core business strategies."

Tags:globalization, IP, automation, profitability

Abstract
This paper discusses businesses outsourcing to foreign countries. It suggests that outsourcing is a phenomenon of the new market economy which offers more benefits in the long term for the individual firm as well as the economy of the world on the whole. The paper looks at the advantages and disadvantages of outsourcing and concludes that overall it is more advantageous than not outsourcing.

Table of Contents:
Thesis Statement
Background
Difference between Outsourcing and Sourcing Out
Benefits
IT Outsourcing
Focus on Core Competencies by the United States
Help to Developing Countries
Insourcing VS Outsourcing
Directives and Legislation
Conclusions

From the Paper
"There has been a lot of criticism of late with respect to shifting of thousands of jobs and positions overseas. However insourcing also takes place when foreign companies look for opportunities within the bounds of United States. Over the years foreign companies have also established jobs in the United States. The example of heavy manufacturing is given in this regard in which both outsourcing as well as insourcing took place. North Carolina in particular has benefited from the insourcing by the foreign companies. "Since the mid-1990s, foreign companies have added 400,000 jobs in these industries in the U.S. Over the same time period, U.S. companies moved 300,000 jobs to foreign countries in the same sectors. The insourced jobs in these industries are also high-paying, with average compensation per employee of over $ 65,000" (Walden & Reynolds). Today the world exists without the economic borders. Opportunities exist for both insourcing and outsourcing. The idea is to market the strong points that foreign companies can utilize when they look towards United States."

Tags:employee, economy, legislation

Abstract
The paper discusses how in today's globally competitive marketplace, more and more companies are turning to high risk outsourcing strategies as a way of meeting human resource, manufacturing, and production requirements. The paper explains that as a matter of explaining the growth of this phenomenon, business experts theorize that high risk outsourcing may benefit organizations with respect to efficiency, morale and motivation, efficiency, organizational development, and much more (Mcgladrey, 2005, p. ch16-30). The paper then discusses how on the other hand, as the term itself implies, high risk outsourcing also presents many challenges to companies in terms of new demands on management and stresses on organizational resources.

From the Paper
"In today's globally competitive marketplace, more and more companies are turning to high risk outsourcing strategies as a way of meeting human resource, manufacturing, and production requirements. As of matter of explaining the growth of this phenomenon, business experts theorize that high risk outsourcing may benefit organizations with respect to efficiency, morale and motivation, efficiency, organizational development, and much more (Mcgladrey, 2005, p. ch16-30). On the other hand, as the term itself implies, high risk outsourcing also presents many challenges..."

Tags:outsourcing, offshoring, high, risk outsourcing

Abstract
This paper explains that the study investigates the impact of outsourcing specifically on white collar workers in the high-tech industry, who are increasingly becoming more affected by the phenomenon of offshore outsourcing. The author reports that the methodology for the study was a questionnaire, using a 7 point Likert scale, which was sent to 65 randomly selected computer programmers employed in the U.S. at Microsoft, Cisco and Apple. The paper indicated that the quantitative research and the literature review conclude that outsourcing is a serious issue, which impacts American workers and the American economy; however, it is clear that the practice of outsourcing is here to stay. The paper includes the questionnaire and many quotations, tables, figures and graphs.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Context of the Problem
Statement of the Problem
Research Questions
Significance of the Study
Limitations of the Study
Review of the Literature
Globalization
Politics of Offshore Outsourcing
Trends in Offshore Outsourcing
Most Popular Countries for Offshore Outsourcing
Impact of Offshore Outsourcing on the American Worker
Impact of Offshore Outsourcing on White-Collar American Workers
The Impact of Outsourcing on the American Economy
Security and Cultural Barriers Associated with Offshore Outsourcing
The Future of offshore Outsourcing
Methodology
Methodology Overview
Methodology Survey
Subject Population
Data Collection
Organization of the Study
Results
Discussion, Conclusion, Implications
Appendix
Survey
Letter Sent to the Appropriate Managerial Personnel
Low Labor Cost Chart
Number of U.S. Service Sector Jobs Projected to Shift Offshore
Share of Projected American Jobs Moving Offshore
Workers Displaced From and Reemployed in Full-Time Wage and Salary Jobs
Hourly Compensation Costs
Hourly Compensation Costs for Production Workers
Employment Cost Index
Employer Cost for Employee Compensation

From the Paper
"The literature review asserts that a great deal of the focus on outsourcing began as a purely political issue. The literature review indicates that politicians used the slowdown in the labor market, to assert that the cause of the slowdown was offshore outsourcing. The literature review also found that many major media outlets had many reports on the topic of outsourcing, which may have distorted the true facts concerning the nature of outsourcing on workers and the economy. On the other hand, many years after that election, offshore outsourcing seems to be an issue for many American workers."

Tags:media, likert, profitability, operations, sophisticated

Abstract
The increasing trend of outsourcing jobs from the United States in recent years has assumed alarming proportions. Most projections indicate that the present trend is going to accelerate in future. This paper points out that the issue has invited greater attention recently as more and more categories of white collar jobs are now being outsourced by the U.S. companies, while in the past only lower paid industrial jobs were affected. It explains that some economists, including officials of the present U.S. administration, have shrugged off the phenomenon as part of economic globalization and believe that it would prove beneficial for the U.S. economy in the long term. Others are of the view that the negative impact of outsourcing far outweighs its positive effect. In this essay, the writer highlights the negative effects of outsourcing on the U.S. economy, as well as outlining the current and future trends in out-sourcing.

From the Paper
"The trend of relocating jobs to other countries is not a new development in the United States as manufacturing jobs have declined ever since American companies started to establish factories abroad to take advantage of lower cost structures and wages. The decline in manufacturing jobs, however, was compensated for by greater job opportunities in the service sector. Since most jobs in the service sector were higher paid 'white-collar' jobs, losing the relatively low-paid manufacturing jobs to overseas competitors was considered a bearable set back. Moreover, the rate of jobs lost due to outsourcing in the manufacturing sector was relatively gradual and the US economy had time to make the necessary adjustments. Also, according to the long-accepted theory of comparative advantage, everyone gains as long as each country specializes in what it does best. The Americans, it seemed for a while, were the best in more skilled jobs. With rapid advances in information and communication technology and the availability of highly skilled and motivated workforce in far-flung countries such as India, who were prepared to work at a fraction of the salaries in the US, things started to change."

Tags:job, white, collar

Abstract
This paper is an argumentative piece on the issues and effects outsourcing has on the U.S. economy. The paper examines at the reasons companies may look to outsource and how thats benefits certain countries. Arguing both sides of the debate, the writer concludes that outsourcing must be looked at from the both the long-term and short-term impacts.

Outline:
A Brief History of Modern Outsourcing
Positive Effects
Negative Effects
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The number of students enrolled in these college courses and majors has declined significantly over the past few years--about 20%. And those continuing in these computer programs, are taking on second majors in other fields like business.
"So, how does this impact the U.S. economy? As these high-paying jobs are outsourced by companies due to lower costs as well as lack of local talent, the loss of this salary revenue into the U.S. economy can become significant as well as the future consumption by these now-unemployed computer programmers and engineers. Again, the amount of tax revenues will also be affected.
"As the problem snowballs, the less high-tech computer employees that graduate from our colleges and universities, the more U.S. companies will have to outsource to all those fine people both China and India are training. And the U.S. economy loses more and more revenue.
"The problem is so evident that Bill Gates has paid visits to college campuses just to encourage students to remain in computer fields."

Tags:outsourcing, business, economics

Abstract
The paper defines globalization and looks at the problems associated with this phenomenon. The paper then discusses the power of multinational corporations and claims that the current American administration has advanced the interests of these corporations, to the detriment of American interests.

Outline:
Define Globalization
Problems Associated with Globalization
The Constitution and Globalization

From the Paper
"Globalization is the process going on primarily through the last several decades by which large corporations have integrated markets, production, and distribution across national and regional borders, achieving in the process huge profits and also achieving and exercising control over markets to a degree that has come to overshadow the powers of developing nation-states. Multi-national corporations have achieved integration of markets in that they have managed a very high degree of penetration of consumer and financial markets. They have achieved integration of production in that they have organized systems for carrying on the manufacturing and the intellectual processes for making goods and services. They have achieved integration of distribution through control of transportation systems and the development of protocols for the manipulation of tangible and intangible items of value through various bureaucracies."

Tags:outsourcing, jobs, workers

Abstract
This paper discusses the USA and Canada as countries of strong differences, regarding economic and political history; labour histories, attitudes towards labour and capitalism and social welfare spending. The paper discusses how Canadian unions are able to collaborate with business better and some serve as public interest groups, while US unions are challenged by a changed economy, outsourcing, lower wages and the working poor phenomenon. The paper also notes that a different American culture sees the poor labourer differently.

From the Paper
"The United States and Canada contrast strongly in their heritage of economic life and the degree to which governments should involve themselves in matters of business, employment regulation, or social welfare supports. Although several large Canadian unions had their origins in the United States in the early to mid-20^th century, one finds that the proportion of American unionized labour has been reduced radically in the last two or three decades. This paper discusses a number of trends that point to significant differences."

Tags:labour unions, usa, canada

Abstract
The purpose of this essay is to analyze the phenomenon of wealthy communities that hire soldiers to fight its wars, one that is not so confined to the past, as we'd like to believe. Modern day companies offering similar services like Executive Outcomes which guards important economic and diamond mining interests in South Africa or the lure of U.S. Armed Forces' bonus money and paid education primarily targeting recruits on the lower steps of the American economic ladder reminds us that materially all wealthy societies not just the mercantile Italian cities - will eventually seek to outsource and pay someone else to do the dirty business of killing.

From the Paper
""The priests and other citizens of Italy being unused to military service," laments Niccolo Machiavelli over the martial decline of his people in his famous treatise The Prince, "they started to hire outsiders as soldiers" (82). It was perhaps impossible for him and other Renaissance commentators to fully comprehend the social and economic reasons why the medieval Italians began to hire foreign mercenaries to fight."

Tags:ages, condottieri, crecy, europe, florence, guilds, hawkwood, italy, machiavelli, medici, mercenaries, merchants, middle, military, pisa, prince, renaissance, warfare