Abstract
This paper explains that factors, including mortuary or burial evidence, economic systems and the presence of differentiated housing, can be used to determine if patterns of differences between elite versus common citizens existed, which helps decipher whether a community is considered a state-level or complex society. The author points out the fact that there are major differences between the palaces and housing for commoners in Mycenaean culture inferring that there was a definite distinction in socioeconomic status: the Mycenaean is a true state-level or complex society. The paper relates that the Chaco Canyon housing structures were much less extravagant than that of the Mycenaean; however, it was the temporary residence by pilgrimages outside of the communities that brought items to trade and thus wealth into the Chacoan societies: Chaco Canyon was a non-state-level society.

From the Paper
"The burial patterns of the Mycenaean give us insight as to certain differences between the elite and common citizens and the burial patterns of the Chaco Canyon Society do so as well. In an article entitled, "Complexity, Hierarchy, and scale: A Controlled Comparison between Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, and La Quemada, Zacatecas" Ben Nelson states, "Aspects of Chacoan mortuary patterning have also been interpreted as indicative of hierarchy." In areas thought to have held the elites of the Chaco Canyon citizens such as the great houses or towns, individuals buried here were on average 4cm taller than individuals found buried outside of these places where the elite resided. The individuals buried near the great houses were also significantly healthier and showed less signs of nutritional stress than individuals outside of these areas."

Tags:burial, differentiation, housing, nutritional, accumulation

Abstract
This paper presents an extensive review of the effects of HMOs to medical care in the U.S. and England. This paper concludes that HMOs demonstrated that they can be effective in the delivery of health care to any population group, including poor communities and low-income persons and households who live outside of poor communities. The author states that HMOs and other managed care organizations have in the past, are now and likely will continue in the future to sacrifice the care required by any population group that threatens to impinge on the bottom-line of these organizations.

Table of Contents
Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Research Questions
HMOs as Health Care Providers
Access to Care through HMOs
Effects of HMOs and Managed Care on Hospitals and Low-Income Patients
Capitation
Purchaser-Oriented Management and Practice Guidelines
Case Management
Performance Analysis
Medicaid and HMOs: A Direct Impact on Poor Communities and On Low-Income Persons and Households
HMOs and Care Quality
Health Care Delivery in the United States Compared With the United Kingdom
National Health Care System in the UK
Similarities & Differences between the National Health Care Systems in the United Kingdom and the United States
The Case for Universality
Conclusions

From the Paper
"Over the past 50 years, managed care programs have existed such as the Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program (California) and the Health Insurance Plan of New York City. These programs only affected a minority of patients and physicians, until the past six or seven years during which managed care has grown significantly. Rising costs of health care, particularly in industry, and the fact that approximately 15 percent of the United States population lacks health insurance, have provided stimulus for this growth. Health care expenditures account for over 14 percent of the gross domestic product in the United States. Management of medical services is attempted through managed care. It is estimated that around 100 million individuals are now covered by a managed care plan and that 77 percent of employers offer a managed care program."

Tags:managed, care, cost, kaiser, england

Abstract
This paper evaluates online communities for the more negative aspects of the cultural impact the Internet has on opinions or ideas being expressed in this format. The paper shows how while there is a great deal more communication going on outside of academic circles, there is growing need to find a way to increase the quality of information being reflected on online communities.

Tags:internet, computers, online

Abstract
The paper discusses how the Shakespearean play "Hamlet", William Faulkner's short story "A Rose for Emily", and Robert Frost's poem "Design" all have a person who is alienated from his, her, or its community as their central figure. The paper illustrates how rather than becoming increasingly integrated with the rest of the community, the central character finds him or herself ostracized from what might constitute society. The paper demonstrates how only by studying outsiders like Hamlet, Emily and the spider, which stand outside of their worlds, does the arbitrary nature of our own morality become clear.

From the Paper
"Hamlet stands apart from the Danish court, and Miss Emily stands apart from her town. Emily sense of separateness is reinforced by William Faulkner's usual choice of narrating her tale from the collective point of view of the town, using the second person pronoun "we." Unlike Hamlet, this allies the reader with the townsfolk, rather than with the outsider. That Emily is an outsider is clear, however, by her unrelenting sense of entitlement. Emily believes that she should not have to pay taxes. Even when she has lost her beauty, she says in no uncertain terms: ""I have no taxes in Jefferson. Colonel Sartoris explained it to me. Perhaps one of you can gain access to the city records and satisfy yourselves."

Tags:spider, morality, apart, aloof, separate

Abstract
In this essay, the writer analyzes the statement that the community complexity should be fostered. The writer notes that the community is part of that world and is becoming more tied to the external world all the time through links with other communities, including new communities that did not exist only a few years ago, notably the online community that people access through their computers. The writer points out that the time is long past when a community can exist largely on its own, and even the most rural communities are tied to the outside world more firmly than was true in the past.

Tags:community, complexity, analysis

Abstract
The paper discusses how the information that is brought forth in blogs may not be empirical or pragmatic on many levels, but it is the forum of communicative interaction that can influence important facts that corporate media entities cannot or will not provide. The paper explains that this opens a greater freedom to influence the outcome of voting, which allows a better-informed public that participates in this type of blogging system. The paper asserts that this and other forums for digital communication are effective ways for information to increase participation and unbiased grass-roots information outside of the corporate media's agenda.

Tags:media, communication, digital

Abstract
The paper looks at community radio as a new way of providing communication development support to the people residing outside of the major cities in India. The paper analyzes the existing framework of community broadcasting in India with regard to historical background, legal and financial aspects, policy interventions and government and corporate interest. The writer explores the best possible practices for community radio to be used as a community participatory tool to ensure the participation of the underprivileged sectors of the society in designing, producing and then subsequent airing of radio programs based on local community issues, problems, needs and interests. In conclusion, the writer posits that the denial of information to the lower classes aggravates the poverty gap and that community radio could help bridge this gap.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
What is Community Media?
The Concept of Community Radio
What Community Radio Can Do?
The Present Scenario of Community Radio in India
The Legal Aspects of Community Radio in India
The Financial Aspects of Community Radio in India
The Technical and Training Requirements
Possibilities Within the Existing Indian Framework
The Policy Interventions
The Indian Experiences
Community Radio - Voices
Community Radio - AID
Conclusion
References

From the Paper
"In contrast to the government efforts to bridge the digital divide and to take the advantages of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) to the masses, the colonial and fossilized Indian Broadcasting laws continues to hold sway over the broadcasting arena. On the one hand, Judiciary has endorsed that 'airways are public property', while on the other, in practical realm, lines between public and private broadcasting still remain conveniently blurred. No doubt, that private radio has made an entry into the Indian broadcast arena, but community radio remains to find legitimacy by the law of the land."

Tags:advocacy, agenda, approach, demand, empowerment, equation

Abstract
This paper explains that there are two types of communications at Marketing Solutions: communication within the organization, used to provide information on company initiatives, employee policies, and standing against competitors; and communication with those outside of the organization, which allows the company to keep in touch with customers, fulfilling their needs, and keeping to the production schedule. The author points out that, depending on the nature of the message, communication at Marketing Solutions flows one of two ways. When the message is likely to be perceived as positive, communication comes directly from the president to employees at a monthly, company-wide meeting, but if the message is negative, or may be perceived as such, the communication path is less direct. The paper relates that horizontal communication of official policies is rare at Marketing Solutions; when same-level employees communicate and pass along information, it is most often through the grapevine.

Table of Contents
Organizational Structure
How Communication Is Used
Flow of Communication
Channels of Communication
Feedback and Problem-Solving
Recommendations

From the Paper
"Marketing Solutions has 200 employees, including twenty who work in regional sales positions around the country. A president presides over the company, and he has five vice presidents who report directly to him on administrative matters. The rest of the company's divisions are editorial, marketing and production. The editorial division creates products for customers and consists of five managers who oversee the financial, health-care, travel, consumer technology and retail industries. Within these industry designations, fifteen account managers serve as liaisons to the customers, eighteen copywriters and fifteen graphic artists. In the marketing division, 33 employees share a variety of roles, including product development, customer outreach, service and product evaluation, company promotions and new customer acquisition."

Tags:organization, policy, direct, customers, employees

Abstract
This paper examines the benefits and positive outcomes of effective communication skills among leaders of an organization. It further shows how effective communication prevents and resolves conflict by bringing underlying concerns to the surface. The paper describes the ways in which leaders communicate, not only with language but also with behavior, and how leaders set an example within the organization. The benefits of effective communication are also enumerated, such as cutting costs and creating a healthy organization. The paper also points out that leaders should communicate well with those outside the organization, such as the media and company stakeholders. The paper concludes by stating that an organization can become more profitable by investing in leaders with good communications skills.

Outline:
Introduction
The Benefits of Being an Effective Communicator
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Strategies of communication range from those that transmit knowledge and power to those that promote camaraderie and creativity. The best way to maximize communication skills is to first understand the needs of the organization: its mission, its philosophy, and its goals. Second, leaders need to adapt their communications skills to serve the needs of the specific team and project. Third, leaders can practice effective communication by drawing upon simple truths including honesty, openness, and good listening skills."

Tags:profits, company stakeholders, behavior and example, employees

Abstract
This paper analyzes the mission and core values of Starbucks Corporation, one of the most well-known U.S. companies. The paper analyzes Starbuck's value statement's role in giving direction for the organization operations, the contribution of its success and compares the espoused values with actual values lived by the company and its employees. The writer also discusses the interaction of communication with corporate culture: how the organization's values impact the communication style and how communication affects the corporate culture. The paper also explains how conflicts can be used to improve communication and build a successful business organization. The writer concludes that core values and communication of those values are important contributors to an organization's success; however, unprecedented changes might require revision of the values and corporate culture.

Outline:
Abstract
Starbucks and its Core Values
Organizational Behavior and Communication Paper
Communication and Corporate Culture
Conflict's Role in Communication
Conclusions and Recommendations
References

From the Paper
"Starbucks' rapid expansion, mixed record of being socially and environmentally responsible corporate citizen is constant source of discussions within senior management, individual shops, fan and hate sites alike. As a truly global organization, Starbucks is also facing with diverse perception of the values it represents. Opening up a dialogue with interested parties at local and global level, leveraging on the interest it spurs and the vast human resources can result in collision of very different views on the path the company should take in the future to preserve its core values and address practices criticized by many. Listening to constructive criticism from various stakeholders will allows Starbucks to consider various course of options, ensure wider acceptance and find means to retain the small company feeling even as it gets bigger."

Tags:coffee, chain, corporate, profitability, success