Abstract The paper explores the history of hurricane protection for New Orleans and examines advances in technology that have resulted in billions of dollars worth of construction designed to protect New Orleans from hurricanes and floods. The paper shows, however, how short-term solutions to control flooding in New Orleans have led to longer-term problems. New Orleans has become increasingly vulnerable to damage from hurricanes. The paper demonstrates how the government is still struggling today to determine how it will continue to aid New Orleans. The paper concludes that it is hard to imagine how the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), the Army Corps of Engineers and other federal agencies will cope if the United States should suffer another hit from a major hurricane.
History of New Orleans and Hurricanes
Technology
Communication During the Katrina Crisis
Discussions Contributing To Problems
Consequences of Decisions
The Future of the Region
From the Paper "New Orleans was first settled by Jean Baptiste le Moyne, about 300 years ago. He picked the land between the marshes on the edge of Lake Ponchartrain and the Mississippi because the spot was so favorable for trade. However, the location was prone to both floods and hurricanes. Both hurricanes and floods have been a recurring problem ever since. One particularly severe flood occurred in 1927 with a death toll of somewhere between 250 and 1,000. In addition, nearly 700,000 lost their homes, triggering the first major federal effort to control Mississippi River floods (McQuaid & Schleifstein, 2002). Over the short term, flood control seemed to work well. Weather forecasting improved, local authorities developed effective evacuation plans, and building techniques helped protect the citizens (McQuaid & Schleifstein, 2002)."
Abstract This paper studies how New Orleans played a crucial role in the development of jazz. The paper draws parallels between New Orleans, as America's first multicultural city, and jazz, as the first multicultural form of music. The paper also examines African Americans' formative role in the development of jazz, particularly those from New Orleans' Storyville district.
From the Paper "Many years ago Clay Smith wrote in "Etude Magazine" that if the truth were known about the origin of jazz, it would never be mentioned in polite society..."
Abstract The paper explores the various options available to the city of New Orleans in the aftermath of the 2005 hurricane that devastated the city. The paper argues that it is not enough to rebuild the city as it was before with simply better flood controls. It is not enough to relocate the damaged or almost destroyed neighborhoods of New Orleans elsewhere simply because this will not change the underlying malaise that contributes to New Orleans' moribund economy and to its faltering status as a major American city.
From the Paper "In the days between August 29 and September 4, 2005, the city of New Orleans was devastated by a powerful Category Four Hurricane that tore the proverbial lid off of the city's festering racial and social problems. The massive flooding of low-lying (and too-often black) areas of the city, the wide-spread suffering and destruction in the impoverished communities of the Louisiana metropolis and the accusations by some, however unfair, that racism played a role in the disproportionate infliction of damage upon the city's African-American neighbourhoods, all spoke to an urban situation wherein social and racial divides were deep and impressive and where the socio-economic reifications of society were ugly and invidious."
Abstract This paper explains that one of the reasons that the Mafia developed in New Orleans because the city was an early center of Sicilian immigration. The author points out the cultural conditions that favored the rise of the Mafia and subsequent developments. The paper includes theories of the New Orleans' Mafia's role in the Kennedy assassination.
From the Paper "In popular imagination, the Mafia is primarily associated with the large cities of the Northeast and industrial Midwest particularly New York City and Chicago. These cities, especially New York, experienced the greatest influx of immigrants."
An in-depth examination of the reputation and military career of Union Major General Benjamin F. Butler, occupying commader of New Orleans after the Civil War.
Abstract General Butler was the occupying commander of New Orleans from May 1, 1862 to December 1862-seven months. The paper describes how Butler was vilified in New Orleans, the Confederate States and in some foreign countries, while being honored as a civil war hero, political mediator between the races and brilliant administrator in the North. The paper examines how one man, in just seven months, could create such an enduring negative legacy among the people of New Orleans. It examines his convergence of social, economic, culture and personality traits which resulted in the creation of Benjamin Franklin Butler, ?The Beast of New Orleans.? The paper shows that Butler's behavior throughout the Civil War, particularly during his occupation of New Orleans, Louisiana, was a direct affront to the beliefs of the Southern mentality. His political haranguing, traitorous behavior and harsh treatment of southerners are legendary.
Table of Contents
Louisiana's Background--Emphasis on New Orleans Benjamin F. Butler's Background
Outbreak of the Civil War
The Siege of New Orleans The Occupation of New Orleans Butler the Extremist
New Orleans Women's Resistance Movement
The Women's Order
Official Southern Reaction to the Women's Order
Butler the Opportunist
President Jefferson Davis' Proclamation
Lasting Effects of Butler's Occupation Butler's Continued Attack of the People of New Orleans after the Civil War
Effect on the People of New Orleans Before and After the Civil War
From the Paper "Order No. 28 deserves to be explained in layman's terms. Butler is in effect stating that if the women of New Orleans did not cease and desist with their resistance agenda they would be treated as prostitutes and dealt with accordingly. Meaning, ?any woman who didn't want to be raped by Yankee soldiers, now kept her silence on the streets.?
To truly understand the impact of this Order it is important to realize the social climate in which it was given. The world at large was still a chivalric place. Men were brought up to defend the honor of a woman's virtue. The people of the southern United States took this practice with the utmost seriousness. With war raging on their home soil, the defense of the women took on a new importance.
Butler was saying that the women who were trying to thwart the Union occupation were no better than a common trollop was. This riled up the fervor of the Confederate men, and brought outrage from abroad as well. "The Beast" was born."
Abstract The paper discusses what needs to be done in order to revive the port of New Orleans. The paper further discusses the specific actions needed for New Orleans to lure more shipping business into its port. The paper examines how technological education and training must be provided, in order for the flow-of-goods to occur to the ports located along the nation's coast. The paper concludes that the potential exists in the area for the creation of more jobs than were available prior to the devastation created by Hurricane Katrina.
Outline:
Statement of Thesis
Introduction
I. Historical, Present And Future Importance Of The Port In The U.S. Supply Chain
Planned Improvements
Regulations And Requirements To Consider
Port Of New Orleans: Security, Education & Technology
Incorporating An Efficient Supply Chain For Shippers
Federal Government Funding For The Effort
Summary And Conclusion
Bibliography
From the Paper "The part that New Orleans Port plays in the U.S. supply chain is a critical one, so critical that the disaster that took place due to Hurricane Katrina is stated to be "likely to drag down U.S. economic growth in the months ahead." (Helman, 2005) Economists believe that the effects "may be more lasting than those that usually follow big storms due to the "severity of the damage" (Helman, 2005) as well as the "unique geography of the New Orleans region." (Helman, 2005)"
Abstract An examination of the history of cities and their developments with focus on the city of New Orleans. The author describes the city from the point of view of two writers: Louis Armstrong and Buddy Bolde and their two novels "Satchmo" and "Coming Through Slaughter". These two novels help us understand the lives of these two men as well as the city that was an essential part of their lives and their heritage as well as the city's violence, an inseparable part of New Orleans.
From the Paper ""Some cities you might not even know that you were in them, so little there is there. You could be kidnapped and dropped down in scores of American cities and unless you happened to see a sign announcing your location or had a native handy to ask where you might be you might never know where you had landed, so interchangeable are so many of the towns and cities and especially suburbs in the United States. "
Abstract This essay discusses the development of New Orleans through the linguistic influences of three different cultures. The author reviews the three dominant languages that form the dialects of New Orleans: French, Cajun, and Creole. The paper traces these three languages to their cultural origins of the French colonizers, the Acadian exiles, and the American slave trade of Africans.
Abstract This paper examines how New Orleans is known as a melting pot of culture and music and how it has played a major role in the early development of jazz. It looks at how it was full of opportunity and rich with the fine arts of music and dance, while offering a breeding ground for innovation. The paper explores how, in the back alley city streets, clubs and saloons, basements of homes and African-American dance halls, jazz was born. It focuses on the importance of New Orleans, which was home to Joe "King" Oliver and his leading student, Louis Armstrong.
From the Paper "Congo Square, a modest corner of the French Quarter, is considered by many scholars to be the birthplace of jazz. It was in the Nineteenth Century in Congo Square in New Orleans that observers heard the beat of the bamboulas, the wail of the banzas and saw the multitude of African dances that had survived through the years. During these antebellum times, slaves would meet here on Sundays and play traditional African songs while women slowly swayed to the rhythms. Congo Square was a weekly refuge from the drudgeries of slave life. It was a place where music created a special freedom that didn't exist elsewhere. This square was used as a gathering place for the residents of New Orleans almost since the city began and located across Rampart Street on the backside of the French Quarter."
Abstract The Battle of New Orleans of the War of 1812 was fought on January 8, 1815, between about 6,000 American troops, mostly irregulars, under the command of the American general, Andrew Jackson, and a British force of about 7,500, commanded by the British general, Sir Edward Pakenham. This paper covers the background for the War of 1812 that enveloped New Orleans and the South and the preparation for the battle. It also looks at the battle itself and the aftermath.
Paper Outline
Introduction
Background
Preparations
The Battle
After the Battle
Works Referenced
From the Paper "The British were concentrating their forces along the Gulf. They had attempted an amphibious landing in Mobile Bay, with the intention of destroying the city of Mobile, and then advancing on New Orleans. Andrew Jackson, in command of the American irregulars in the South repulsed the British. "Not only did he successfully defend the entrance to Mobile Bay against a powerful amphibious expedition sent by the British to capture and destroy Mobile, but his men had blown the enemy flagship out of the water and repulsed the King's forces, inflicting 232 casualties." After that, Jackson, defying the orders of the Secretary of War, James Monroe, decided to march East to Pensacola where he defeated the British again."
Abstract In this paper, the writer examines the general cargo Port of New Orleans. The writer mentions a brief history of the port and looks at how it functions today. The writer discusses the structure of the Port of New Orleans. Further, the writer examines the way cargo is moved in and out of the port and studies its economics.
From the Paper "The Port of New Orleans was first discovered by the French and has been fought over, was the reason for the Louisiana Purchase and is now one of America's most modern and popular general cargo ports. New Orleans has been a center for international trade since its founding by the French. The Port of New Orleans is located at the mouth of the Mississippi River with six class one rail lines and facilities for shipments of general cargo which includes manufactured and ... "
Abstract This paper discusses the need to be prepared for floods in New Orleans. The writer argues that the people of New Orleans should have been more prepared for Hurricane Katrina. The paper also argues that they should also be using the precautionary principle. The paper suggests that it was economic interests that caused the problems.
From the Paper "New Orleans and Risk Management On August 29^th 2005 Hurricane Katrina hit New Orleans causing tremendous property damage and the loss of human life (Foti A.1). The flooding that resulted from the hurricane was not totally unexpected by many people. If people knew that flooding was a real possibility why did they not prepare better or live in another city? The answers to these questions are not easy to determine. From a straight forward logical position it would seem that living in New Orleans was extremely risky. The entire area is surrounded by water and levee systems are used to control flooding."
Abstract The paper discusses how Hurricane Katrina had major repercussions on the city of New Orleans, not just by destroying its physical infrastructure and historic landmarks, but also by creating one of the most major social catastrophes in recent American history. The paper looks at the substantive property damage, loss of life, displacement of thousands of residents and an aftermath of looting. The paper shows the importance of a socially and environmentally sustainable development plan. The paper discusses the ways in which New Orleans can and must rebuild itself as a socially just, economically viable and progressive American city.
From the Paper "Hurricane Katrina destroyed one of America's most vibrant, unique, and historic cities: New Orleans. Rebuilding New Orleans is requiring colossal efforts on the part of public and private organizations and individuals. Not only did the hurricane cause substantive property damage and loss of life but Katrina also led to the displacement of thousands of residents. The poor were the hardest hit for many reasons: they had the fewest resources with which to mobilize their evacuations and their homes were among the least structurally sound. Katrina left an aftermath of looting, which added to the property damage suffered by local residents and business owners."
Abstract This paper describes the overall economy of New Orleans following Hurricane Katrina. The writer first notes that two years after Katrina the population of New Orleans is still growing, but only 40 percent of children in the public schools are previous inhabitants. Homes are for sale everywhere and, though the prices have dropped in some neighborhoods, home prices and rents remain high. The writer then notes that the economy is considered to have regained 79% of its former energy, in labor force size, sales tax revenue, jobs and employers. The writer maintains that economically, the region seems to be stabilizing, but this may be due to the lack of public service infrastructure. The writer concludes that it is stabilizing at a lower number than previous to Katrina, but it may be stabilizing because the shock of the catastrophe has worn off and the population has become used to the slow pace of recovery.
From the Paper "Businesses have been serviced by the Hispanic population since Katrina, but the growing number of businesses catering to the Hispanic population has only just begun to grow. This is one way in which the city may find a compromise with its perceived problem of the influx of Hispanics. The Central Business District is growing and finding the tourist trade to be coming back, but it is only with the help of the Hispanic population that it will continue to grow.
"In the Central Business District, public and private buildings are still being rebuilt. The delay in making repairs to the Criminal Justice buildings in New Orleans creates a danger to public safety in that police stations and police headquarters are operating out of FEMA trailers. Because of this space in inadequate; there is a lack of desks for writing reports, the ability to plan strategies is hampered; interrogations and interviews are not private, protection of evidence, and housing of criminals and victims is lacking."
Abstract The writer, a black woman growing up in the city of New Orleans, reveals that while the Civil Rights movement of the 1960s eradicated constitutional hate, an implied and quiet prejudice still exists and continues to subvert the nation. The writer focuses on her city, New Orleans, and its Mayor Ray Nagin who has condoned the rampant prejudice that has been pervading the city and has failed to rebuild the city for all its citizens. The writer specifically discusses the misrepresentations in the media that have brainwashed the country into equating black to crime, especially in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina. The writer then relates that she has been witness to racial issues that have plagued herself, her family, her friends and acquaintances who have been forced to struggle with financial, educational, and general social advancement opportunities in an America that still doesn't know the meaning of true equality.
From the Paper "Many people in America don't realize that while the civil rights movement of the 1960's eradicated constitutional hate, an implied and quiet prejudice still exists and continues to subvert our nation. This fact is most evident when leaders like New Orleans Mayor Ray Nagin who " grabbed headlines by claiming Katrina was God's punishment to blacks for their allegedly profligate ways." (Hutchinson, 2006). In the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina, Nagin called for a return to a "Chocolate City" once more, a reference to the 1975 funk song by Parliament which "celebrates black empowerment and lists Afro-American mayors of major US cities." (Stevens, 2006) However, in the same speech, he attacked the Mexican immigrants who came to New Orleans for rebuilding labor efforts. Nagin, who has strong ties to the white community because of his politics, and blacks because of his heritage has been criticized for his lack of support for the poor blacks."
Tags: Ray, Nagin, Hurricane, Katrina, blacks, equality, media
