Abstract
This paper describes the ideology and practice of ordeal therapy. The paper further points out how this approach is intended to help people with issues understand and handle those problems more effectively if they are presented with a greater problem. The paper gives several examples of how this may be achieved.

From the Paper
"Ordeal therapy was developed by Jay Haley. Ordeal therapy suggests that people with problems can understand and handle those problems more effectively if they are presented with a greater problem. In ordeal therapy, therefore, the client is given a situation that exceeds his or her current issue and is asked to react to that issue as though it were real (Bray, n.d.). Ordeal therapy is often used for children that have extensive behavioral or emotional problems and for families that are experiencing relationship issues. Essentially this technique uses..."

Tags:ordeal, therapy, psych

Abstract
This paper describes ordeal therapy which was developed by Jay Haley. More specifically, the paper describes the principles behind the ordeal therapy process and provides examples of how it could be used. The paper also looks at the stages of ordeal therapy and then discusses how a therapist would decide which patients would benefit from this form of therapy.

Table of Contents:
Overview
Stages of Ordeal Therapy
Applying Ordeal Therapy
Which Clients will Benefit from Ordeal Therapy
Families, Children, or Individuals?
Scenario/Exercise using Ordeal Therapy

From the Paper
"In ordeal therapy the therapist begins with the identification of "triangular, intergenerational relationships or "perverse triangles" ("Family", n.d.). When this occurred the patient and therapist could then focus on the "incongruence" of these relationships in relation to communication. Next the client is then directed toward taking control of these relationships, or the individual's participation in them. This is accomplished through the patient being given scenarios in which the individual must respond to that are at a higher level of concern than the issues currently plaguing the relationships. The situation and the response allow the person to understand that if he or she can resolve the higher level issue, then the problem at hand can also be resolved and the person is then empowered to take control over life. Haley believed that in accomplishing this task the individual was involved in the therapeutic process, as well as the therapeutic relationship with the therapist. This is what Haley referred to as the "therapeutic paradox"."

Tags:empower, therapist, control

Abstract
Gestalt therapy is a holistic form of therapy that emerged from Gestalt theory in the 1800s. It is a nontraditional approach to therapy that utilizes art and art work accomplished by the person to unmask feelings and emotions that are occurring at the moment and the reasons for those feelings and emotions. Used primarily in group sessions, Gestalt therapy is guided by awareness, which is significant for the person, the group members and the therapist. Yet, to fully understand the details associated with Gestalt therapy a history of the theory and an overview of the practice must be considered.

From the Paper
Gestalt Therapy and Theory Gestalt therapy is a holistic form of therapy that emerged from Gestalt theory in the 1800s. It is a nontraditional approach to therapy that utilizes art and art work accomplished by the person to unmask feelings and emotions that are occurring at the moment and the reasons for those feelings and emotions. Used primarily in group sessions, Gestalt therapy is guided by awareness, which is significant for the person, the group members and the therapist. Yet, to fully understand the details associated with Gestalt therapy a history of the theory and an overview of the practice must be considered.

Tags:gestalt, therapy, theory

Abstract
This paper describes reality therapy, which is a practical approach to helping people take responsibility for their lives. Reality therapy, or choice therapy, encourages individuals to recognize and examine their role in their own lives, which is considered a rewarding experience of this innovative counseling approach. The paper also shows how reality therapy keeps the patient rooted in the present. Various studies on the approach and effectiveness of reality therapy are cited, particularly on its uses in the prison system. The paper closes by stating that reality therapy is a positive approach that empowers the client, and stimulates their creative thinking in ways that have not been done before in their lives.

Outline:
Reality Therapy
Putting Theory into Practice
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Reality therapy was introduced by William Glasser, M.D., in 1965 (Clark, p. 11). It is a therapeutic approach based on choice theory, and it is a revelation of the processes that individuals make, and probably make without giving much thought as to the outcome of their choices as they go about their lives. The choices people make for their selves are often responses to their innate needs. Choice theory identifies these innate needs as survival, loving and the need to be loved, success, control, independence, and the pursuit of entertainment or that which brings the individual joy. Choice theory says that it is important to point out behaviors, rather than to make interpretations of behaviors."

Tags:prison system, counseling, mental health, cognitive therapy

Abstract
The paper discusses the theoretical and historical foundations of cognitive and behavioural therapy; they are compared and contrasted and their relevance to social work practice is illuminated. As time allows, the following items are explored: the historical origins of each therapy; major contributors to the development/application of each; main sub-divisions of each therapy; strengths and limitations of each one and the similarities and differences between the two branches of therapy. The paper then looks at how a social worker might incorporate these therapies into his or her practice.

From the Paper
"The following paper will discuss the theoretical and historical foundations of cognitive and behavioural therapy; they will be compared and contrasted and their relevance to social work practice will be illuminated. As time allows, the following items will be explored: the historical origins of each therapy; major contributors to the development/application of each; main sub-divisions of each therapy; strengths and limitations of each one; similarities and differences between the two branches of therapy. The paper will then look at how a..."

Tags:psychology, cognitive, therapy

Abstract
This paper discusses Carl Rogers' non-directive approach to therapy, in which the client has control of the direction of the therapy session. The paper examines the roots of humanistic therapy in Carl Rogers' approach and then examines humanistic therapy as it pertains to Rogers' approach. Next, the paper discusses the conditions necessary for positive therapeutic results in client-centered therapy, as propounded by Rogers.

From the Paper
"Rogers puts forward some conditions that are necessary for there to be positive therapeutic results in client-centered therapy. These include, the counselor should operate from the premise that the client has a responsibility for himself or herself and also has the willingness for maintaining that responsibility; the client desires to be mature and socially well adjusted and will rely on this to achieve therapeutic change. The counselor should also create a climate where the client feels free to express their feelings and attitudes regardless of their absurdity. Limits can only be set on behavior and not on attitudes, which is a child perhaps may feel like breaking a window but he should not be allowed to actually break the window. The counselor's acceptance of the client's attitudes should involve neither disapproval nor approval of the client's attitudes and feelings. This understanding is conveyed best by seeking clarification where necessary. Finally, the counselor should refrain from actions like probing, giving advice, providing reassurance, apportioning blame and giving suggestions (Ryan, 2008; Green, 2000)."

Tags:non-directive therapy, psychotherapy, carl rogers, humanistic psychology, counseling

Abstract
This paper discusses various approaches to therapy and how anxiety and depression are affected by them. The paper looks at the beliefs of cognitive therapy, behavioral therapy, Freud's psychodynamic therapy, and then discusses new approaches to therapy that incorporate all of these methods. The paper concludes that a mixture of all therapies is best when dealing with the individual patient.

From the Paper
"The individual patient may handle crisis situations in varying ways. Therefore, determining which method of treatment will depend on the patient's cognitive patterns, actions and behavior, and the core beliefs that are developed in the patient prior to treatment. As these issues are focused upon, the therapist can begin to aid the patient toward recovery from the most common disorders introduced into the therapy situation - depression and anxiety. Therefore, it is not just one therapy that is best suited to every patient. Answers for treatment may be identified in each of the predominant forms of therapy that are available today. Sigmund Freud believed that depression was often the result of loss in a patient's life. Freud contended that the loss subconsciously felt by the patient generally occurred during childhood, and oftentimes was a forfeiture that was not recalled in adulthood ("Explanations")."

Tags:cognitive, behavioral, therapy

Abstract
This paper details the benefits of solution focused brief therapy (SFBT), which was introduced as an alternative method of treatment, which could be accomplished in a shorter period of time, as opposed to the more traditional forms of long-term therapy and psychoanalysis. The writer contends and explains why SFBT is significantly more efficient in terms of time, scope and cost when compared to long-term therapy. This paper delves into the literature and research published on this particular form of therapy. This paper cites the various techniques involved in successfully implementing SFBT. This paper discusses the advantages of SFBT and success rates attained in both family and couples therapy, while also citing various experts in the field who oppose this particular form of treatment.

From the Paper
"Miracle questions are created to provide the therapist a 'preview' of how the patient views his/her future life. These questions engage patients by allowing them to contemplate about specific possibilities that may happen in their lives. Questions may be hypothetical situations that focus on the individual's action when confronted with mundane events followed after by thought-provoking inquiries by the therapist. This technique probes into the patient's capability to think about alternative solutions to specific life situations or problems, enabling the therapist to come up with a suggested resolution that is within the understanding of the patient. This also makes the patient feel that s/he had an active role in the solution-making process that took place during the therapy. Scaling is a more quantitative means by which problems are assessed by the therapist."

Tags:therapy, psychoanalysis, long, term, short, mental

Abstract
This paper studies the similarities and differences between two non-traditional, therapeutic approaches: Solution-Focused Therapy and Narrative Therapy. The paper examines the origins and efficacy of these two models of therapy.

From the Paper
"In recent years both solution-focused and narrative therapies have been used extensively to help diverse populations..."

Tags:Therapy Models, solution-focused therapy, narrative therapy

Abstract
In this article, the writer looks at how children are affected by divorce and focuses on the effects on girls. The writer notes that in many instances female adolescents are adversely affected because of conflict in the divorce process. The writer points out that when this conflict occurs the female youth can react by becoming sexually active, abusing substances or having thoughts of suicide. These circumstances are the result of anxiety and/or depression that must be treated in order for the child to overcome her ordeal successfully. The writer maintains that the most effective manner of treatment is cognitive-behavioral therapy, which may be used in conjunction with prescription medications, to aid the adolescent in dealing with the devastation of the life situation. The writer concludes that this treatment, coupled with support systems through family, friends and education, can allow the youth to gain new insight into the situation and once again become a self-confident and fully functioning individual.

Outline:
Introduction
The Issue
Mental Disorder
Treatment Recommendations/Interventions
Conclusion

From the Paper
"In these cases, instead of the child becoming overly socially active, the child closes herself off from the world, to include peer groups, family members and teachers. The longer that the conflict exists and is elevated, the more deeply into depression the youth becomes and the greater the risk there is of suicidal thoughts.
"This information indicates that when conflict exists between parents involved in divorce female adolescents are adversely affected. The degree to which these youth respond to the conflict will depend on the extent that the child is drawn into the issue and how long the conflict occurs. What is known, however, is that anxiety and depression can create scenarios in which teen females risk disease, pregnancy and death. The severity of these risks calls for an examination of the appropriate mental disorders that are cited and the treatments that will assist this population for the future."

Tags:parent, home, custody, relationships