Abstract This paper discusses free software and opensourcesoftware, noting that free software actually refers to software providing specific kinds of freedom to users, while "opensourcesoftware" means that the user is made privy to the code so he or she can change the software as well as use it. The writer maintains that much of the argument dates to 1984 and the publication of the "Gnu Manifesto," written by Richard Stallman.
From the Paper "Software developers differ on the relative value of the terms "free software" or "open source software." The terms are not completely identical. Free software could be any software for which no charge is made, though it actually refers to software providing specific kinds of freedom to users, while "open source software" means that the user is made privy to the code so he or she can change the software as well as use it. By either name, the associated vision of software and users challenges the usual idea of copyright and intellectual property."
Abstract This research paper focuses on European Union (EU) government policy relating to market economies of opensourcesoftware. The paper discusses the official position and current EU policies regarding opensourcesoftware, examines a legal case study concerning opensourcesoftware vs. proprietary software and looks at Brazil's policy regarding this subject. Additionally, the paper looks into EU intellectual property law and a new proposed software patent directive and how each will affect opensource legality in the EU.
Table of Contents
Current EU Software Policy: Any Directives,
Regulations, White-papers and Official Documents
Detailing the Current Official Position of the European
Union on Software Free and OpenSourceSoftware versus Proprietary
Software Legal Case Study -
How will E.U. Governments be Affected if They Follow
the Brazilian Example, and its Effect on E.U.
Intellectual Property Policy?
How will E.U. Intellectual Property Law and New
Proposed Software Patent Directive Affect Open Source Legality in the EU?
Legal Cases that Set Precedents for Intellectual
Property Concern in OpenSourceSoftware Use
Conclusion and Summary
From the Paper "The "Television without Frontiers Directive" focuses on the creation of necessary conditions to allowing television broadcasts free movement all across the EU region. Secondly "Communication" of 2004 clarifies the method by the Directive is applied in relation to the interactive techniques of advertising that are yet new." (Information Society and Media, 2005) Other issues are yet under review and are stated to have the capacity to result in amendments of the TVWF Directive or the new directives proposal by 2005 years end. Other EU policy framework is inclusive of regulations that "promote competition between infrastructure providers and service providers while ensuring access for user of networks and citizen's rights; measures on copyright and digital rights management; access to and use of public information, as specified under the Public Sector Information Directive; and eInclusion, ensuring that all Europeans can access the new generation of digital content and services." (Information Society and Media, 2005)"
Abstract Opensourcesoftware has recently emerged as the front runner for many industries as the primary method of code production, as it is widely predicted to provide more options for its users in a quicker, quality improved and cost effective format than the more traditional proprietary software. Linux, the dominant player in the market, is a considerable threat to the Microsoft operating system, which has successfully established itself in the global market. Beyond its commercial potential, opensourcesoftware possesses a potential goldmine in the government sector. However, questions regarding security and privacy continue to plague government officials in their pursuits of this option. This paper provides an overview of opensourcesoftware as well as proprietary software and their primary components. It provides an evaluation of government options in relation to the products available on the market and discusses the social construction of opensourcesoftware versus the technological determinism of proprietary software. The paper includes colored graphs.
From the Paper "The Linux operating system is the chief product that many new open source customers consider as their primary choice. Many IT experts find that Linux is more powerful when enthusiasm is brought into the picture (Zetlin 38). Therefore, learning the ins and outs of the system can take some time and may require some work beyond normal business hours. For this reason, training in Linux and other similar open source offerings should be a primary concern for IT professionals in order to improve its potential and to reduce the possibility of security flaws."
Written in the form of an organizational briefing, this paper looks at the benefits and drawbacks of open-sourcesoftware and its effects on Sigma Corporation.
Abstract This briefing evaluates the pros and cons of open-sourcesoftware and provides a recommendation to management at the Sigma Corporation regarding open-source strategies. While Sigma has developed a sound information technology (IT) infrastructure and employs a highly skilled IT staff, increasing IT costs have caused the company to examine ways to reduce IT expenses without affecting the effectiveness of the IT program. It defines open-source whereby the product is distributed with the source code. There are risks associated with open-source. The process is not quite mature, so users assume some risk in using these products. Open-source comes with no warranties and no maintenance agreements. A more detailed summary of the pros and cons of open-source is found in this briefing. The paper concludes that open-source is a viable and wise option for Sigma and outlines a strategy for moving the company in that direction.
From the Paper "The Sigma Corporation has been in the office supply business for over fifty years and has built a reputation of prompt service with low prices. The reputation for prompt service has been attributed to the company's computerized inventory system that automatically orders new materials from the manufacturer at specified intervals. The low prices are maintained by keeping company costs to a minimum while getting the job done. The CEO of Sigma, Sigmund Saveabuck, is always looking for ways to save costs in order to maintain a competitive advantage."
Abstract This paper reviews, evaluates and discusses the emergence and use of opensource solutions and standards. The paper reviews the importance, benefits and pitfalls of opensource solutions and critically evaluates the future. The paper is written in a two-column format.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
The Wonder Years
The Market For OSS
The Public and Private Sectors
Open-Source-A-Me, The Enterprise Structure
Why OpenSource Me? Pros, Cons and The Future
Benefits
The Future
From the Paper "MySQL is the overall leader in Open Source databases with over 5 million active installations across the globe and is by the one of the most successful Open Source solutions."
"It is one of the few Open Source software solutions that are available under the dual-license model as it is available both for under GPL and commercial license. MaxDB, which has it's origins as a commercial DB software solution was developed as a result of an alliance between MySQL and SAP to form a market leading enterprise solution, which is capable of running high-end mission-critical applications."
Abstract This paper explains what opensoftware is, why it was organized, what its benefits are and how it can be used. Case studies are included.
From the Paper "Open source is not a technology, rather a different way of thinking about and organizing the software development process. Open source software (OSS) development is more of a collaborative process that has benefited with the expansion of the Internet. Anyone with an Internet connection can now download source code available in the public domain, modify it and post the results back to the community. As opposed to this proprietary software development adheres to the principle of strict protection of intellectual property found in the publishing industry."
Abstract This paper discusses opensource development model for commercial use. The paper examines how the large corporations played a part in its development.
Abstract This paper discusses the respective benefits of open and closed sourcesoftware from a cost-effectiveness perspective for the RMIT University. The paper describes the background of the problem, a brief overview of open and closed source applications, and presents a discussion of their advantages and disadvantages. An analysis of the findings is followed by a summary of the research and recommendations for the university in the conclusion.
Introduction
Background and Overview
OpenSource Applications
Closed Source Applications
Analysis
Conclusions and Recommendations
From the Paper "Open source software can be purchased for little or no cost, and future upgrades are also obtainable free of charge (Wayner, 2000; Lopez, 2004). Rechtman points out that open-source applications such as Gnumeric, an Excel-like spreadsheet, or Ximian, a desktop organizer that combines features of Palm OS and Microsoft Outlook, cost virtually nothing to install. "In fact," he says, "they are freely available for download from the Internet" (p. 67). According to Kim, educators in particular stand to gain from open source alternatives. "More importantly," she adds, "they may also find a new and improved way to teach" (emphasis added) (p. 15). This was also the finding of Cowpland who reports that a partnership between Corel and three academic institutions in the Ottawa area resulted in the development of pilot programs using Corel LINUX OS and WordPerfect 8 for Linux: "While the project is just finishing its first year, administrators have noticed an increase in the desire of their students to continue pursuing computer technology in upper years. They anticipate rolling out the program on a potentially wider scale for next year" (p. 62)."
Abstract The paper describes Linux, a freely available, multi-tasking and multi-user operating system, and discusses the reasons why opensourcesoftware such as Linux is widely accepted by many. The paper outlines the application systems that run on Linux and points out the differences between Linux and Microsoft Windows. The paper relates that although Linux is fast becoming an in-demand operating system, Microsoft Windows still thrives and has a larger market share.
Outline:
About Linux
History of Linux
How to Use Linux
OpenSource: Friend or Foe
Definition of Workflow
Enterprise Information Portal
Linux vs. Windows
From the Paper "Since the new millennium, open source has been the buzzword in the Information Technology community and what comes to mind when open source is discussed is Linux. You ask what Linux is? How easy is this software to use? Is there something special about this software? How scalable is Linux? Can it run on my machine? Will it be able to help me meet my business needs?"
Linux is a freely available multi-tasking and multi-user operating system (Linux 1). This means that the source code of this software can be downloaded, used, modified and expanded at no cost. At the same time, developers may modify the source code, deleting some commands and adding new ones depending on the needs of the business."
Abstract The paper discusses five intelligence gathering techniques; human, signal, imagery, measurement and signature and opensource. The paper focuses on the opensource method of acquiring information that, according to many specialists, is one of the best means of obtaining information in today's technological era. The paper looks at its advantages and disadvantages and concludes that this technique should be seen as a complementary source of intelligence and its results should be properly integrated in the general process of decision making.
From the Paper "The intelligence communities around the world are each in their turn distinctive systems of information determined by their national objectives and characteristics. However, there are particular elements that represent common practices for the entire secret service community, such as the collection techniques used to acquire information from all types of sources. The evolution of technology and the improvement of the conditions in which the collection of intelligence is done have determined though the preferential use of certain techniques which make the information more available. From this point of view, open source intelligence can be seen as one of the most accessible and useful source of information. Although it has it shortcomings, it is a means of information gathering that is being used more and more by the secret services."
Abstract This paper presents a detailed examination of a product that can be found on the website www.openCD.org. The paper explores the website and products that it offers, and argues that it and other sites like it can have a potentially negative impact on the software industry. The paper states that the concept of opensourcesoftware cannot be stopped because it is not doing anything illegal however, it opens the door for illegal activities in the quest to improve the programs. The paper concludes that opensourcesoftware industry and sites such as OpenCD need to be regulated and monitored for the good of the computer industry and those who use it.
Outline:
Introduction
The Site
From the Paper "For one to understand how the site can have a negative impact on the software industry one needs to have an understanding about the site and how it operates. OpenCD is a site that provides users with many different software options free of charge. Their site states that is holds a collection of high quality software that it will provide anyone interested free of charge. It refers to its products as open source software, which "harnesses the power of distributed peer review and transparency of process. The promise of open source is better quality, higher reliability, more flexibility, lower cost, and an end to predatory vendor lock-in."
Abstract This paper examines how software configuration management (SCM) is an important discipline in professional software development and maintenance and how the importance of SCM has increased as programs have become more complex, long-lasting, and time critical. It aims to critically evaluate the evolution of SCM, as well as the obstacles and progress achieved by this particular segment of software engineering. The paper uses a column page layout.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Foundation Years of Software Configuration Management
Progress and Obstacles - SCM in the Past Decade
Process Support
Versioning and Release
Change Control
The Tools - Third Party and Open-Source Transitions
Conclusion
From the Paper "The mid 90's paved the way for much better and more powerful SCM tools. Although much of them were still reliant on old methods, these tools had revved up their ability by nearly two folds in terms of automation from a mere cost effective in-house development. [2, 3] In the late 90's, the evolution of SCM in general was characterised mainly by technological issues, better understanding of the technology and experience acquired by the Software Engineering community towards the complexity of a complete SCM solution. On an Industry level SCM was seen largely as a mature, reliable and ideal technology for software development. "
Abstract The paper examines Friedman's "The World is Flat: A Brief History of the Twenty-First Century" in which Friedman explores the significant changes that have taken place in the hi-tech industry during the past few years and severely criticizes those who do not embrace these changes. The paper discusses how Friedman believes the world to be flat due to the following ten factors: 11/9/89, 8/9/95, work flow software, open-sourcing, outsourcing, offshoring, supply-chaining, in-sourcing, in-forming and the steroids. The paper demonstrates how Friedman portrays these factors as flattening the world and breaking past barriers to create a globalized economy and environment.
From the Paper "The chapter begins with Friedman's story of a walk in Berlin, glancing at the nearly fallen down German wall. The author believes that not only was the construction a painful scar on Berlin's face, but it also represented the impediment in worldwide unification as it divided countries. "The Berlin Wall was not only blocking our way; it was blocking our sight -- our ability to think about the world as a single market, a single ecosystem, and a single community..." (The World Is Flat, Chapter 2, "The Ten Forces That Flattened the World", p. 48)"
This paper discusses the use of software to solve problems in companies categorized as "supply chain", multiple, mass-market stores that supply various items usually at a discount.
Abstract This paper discusses i2, which is a value chain management software to control transportation and distribution that is used at Best Buy and IBM WebSphere which is an open infrastructure software to improve the e-business infrastructure and improve customer service that is used at Home Depot. The paper details these software companies and the supply chains featured.This paper includes a glossary of terms.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Best Buy and i2's Transportation and Distribution Management Software Home Depot and IBM WebSphere Open Infrastructure Software Conclusion
Glossary
From the Paper "i2 was founded in 1988 by Sanjiv Sidhu and Ken Sharma. It started based out of a small 2-bedroom apartment in Dallas where the first program was written. Since then i2 has grown to earn more than $1 billion in revenues. They have 40 offices worldwide where they employ a total of 4,890 employees. Currently i2 has more than 1,000 customers and 500 deployments in 2001. That same year they reported a pro forma net loss of $149,013,000. This is not uncommon, at this time, for many companies are currently experiencing losses due to the slump in today's economy."
Abstract The paper discusses the emerging information age of global capitalism and multinational corporations and questions how the architectural code of cyberspace will be regulated. The paper defines democracy and technocracy, opensource and closed source systems and explains this conflict over the control of resources.
From the Paper ""Democracy" literally means "people rule". In the sharing of computer programming, it is defined as "Free software...that users have the freedom to distribute and change. [They] will no longer be at the mercy of one programmer or company which owns the sources" (Stallman, 2006, p.8). This "open source...shareware software development community [is opposed to] the restrictive practices of the highly competitive software developers" (Rushkoff, 2003, p.56). They want to move the control of software out of the hands of "locked down" (Rushkoff, 2003, p.56) private proprietors by making these products accessible to the public domain sharing "a freedom of competition" (Lessig, 2000, p.11) that is not restricted by the artificial, arbitrary aggrandizement of oligarchic corporations."
