This paper explores how nature is portrayed in different literary works by such authors as Elizabeth Bishop, Ralph Waldo Emerson, OliverWendellHolmes, Jack London, Patrick Meyer, Henry David Thoreau and William Wordsworth.
Abstract This paper compares and contrast how nature is portrayed in a variety of literary works. The works included in this paper are Elizabeth Bishop's ?The Fish,? Ralph Waldo Emerson's ?Nature,? OliverWendellHolmes's ?The Chambered Nautilus,? and Patrick Meyer's ?K2," Jack London's "To Build A Fire," Henry David Thoreau's "Walden, Or Life in the Woods" and William Wordsworth''s ?The World is Too Much With Us." Some of the topics discussed include cruelty in nature, man's relationship with nature, the different elements of nature, the Romantic and Transcendentalist view of nature and the true communing of individual soul with nature. The paper concludes with the author tying all of these topics together by illustrating the similarities between human nature and nature itself.
From the Paper "Emerson is most concerned about how Emerson sees nature, and would like to see nature better as an American. Emerson does not consider that while observing nature everyone is not only changed internally by nature, whether by cold or by beauty, but also that the observer changes nature itself, even in as simple as something as walking through the perfect and untrodden snow. Just as animal life impacts and is impacted by nature; human beings exist a part of nature and are subject to natural forces. These forces include but are not limited to cold, illness, injury, death, birth, and seasonal extremes. The metaphor of the only observing eyeball denies such an impact."
Tags: wordsworth, emerson, holmes, thoreau, bishop, london
Abstract The paper analyzes how OliverWendellHolmes' approach to the 1st Amendment freedoms of speech and press divulges a shifting opinion.
The paper discusses the factors behind the dramatic transition in his beliefs and notes that a man who spends his life in a state of learning will undoubtedly form new opinions where once cemented convictions stood.
From the Paper "Close analysis of Oliver Wendell Holmes' approach to the 1st amendment freedoms of speech and press divulges a shifting opinion. The amendment, that Holmes is so famously associated with, reads as follows, "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances." As is typically the case with constitutional law, the "no law" mentioned above actually means "some law." Holmes himself defines the law as, "Prophecies of what the court will do in fact, and nothing more pretentious, are what I mean by the law (The Path of Law-OWH)." Written in 1897, this phrase serves as an excellent lens through which to view Holmes' evolving approach to free speech."
Abstract This paper will discuss the poem "The Chambered Nautilus" by OliverWendellHolmes and seek to understand the symbolic uses and rhyme schemes for this poem. In this manner, we can delve into the poetic style that Holmes is using to voice his views on music and the sea.
From the Paper "Max Lerner, author of The Mind and Faith of Justice Holmes, was a journalist, lecturer, author and educator born in 1902 in Minsk, Russia, and brought to America by his parents in 1907. He won a scholarship and attended Yale, graduating in 1923. He studied English literature, economics, and social theory. In 1927, he attended the Robert Brookings Graduate School of Economics and Government in Washington, D.C., where he received his Ph.D. (Kiffer, 1942, 505). He worked first as assistant editor at the Encyclopedia of Social Sciences beginning in 1927 and became managing editor. He was a member of the social science faculty at Sarah Lawrence College from 1932-35 and a lecturer in government at Harvard from 1935-46. He edited the Nation magazine from 1936-38. He taught at a number of colleges and universities over the next four decades and also served for a ..."
Abstract This paper explains that justice is defined as conformity to moral rightness in action or attitude, the upholding of what is just, especially fair treatment and due reward; whereas, law is a body of rules and principles governing the affairs of a community, the condition of social order and justice, created by adherence to a fixed legal system. The author points out that justice and law both aim at order and stability in society and the promotion of the highest welfare of the individuals in that society. The paper relates that the philosophy of law, which applies to Ann Hopkins' case, is stated by OliverWendellHolmes: Justice is subjective and changes according to the viewer's prejudice, viewpoint or social affiliation; however, a set of rules is needed to make society function and these rules must be carried out.
Table of Contents
Case # 1: Paul Cronan vs. New England Telephone Company
Case # 2: Ann Hopkins
Case # 3: Ashland Oil, Inc.: Trouble at Floreffe
From the Paper "Law is founded on the natural law and positive law. Natural law deals with the doing of good and avoidance of evil, in keeping promises, telling the truth, compensating for injuries. Its standards are fairness and justice. Positive law is the set of rules agreed upon by the authority. It derives from common legal heritage, the court system and decisions, executive decrees and orders, legislative rules and laws and resolutions issued by the bureaucracy. It focuses more on order and stability and less on fairness and justice. However, natural law and positive law sometimes come in conflict, as in the issues of slavery, ownership of property, voting restrictions and racial segregation."
Abstract This paper looks at the life of Oliver Dimon Kellogg, who spent much of his time researching and advancing potential theory in the world of mathematics. The author discusses his contributions to math and physics, still used today.
From the Paper "When the country no longer required his services, Kellogg was sent to Harvard University. Here he explored a few new mathematical venues before returning to his groundbreaking work in Potential theory. The 1920s were in many ways a decade of inspiration for artists, writers, mathematicians, scientists, and other thinkers across the globe. The war had dampened many spirits, but others saw its finale as a chance for new hope -- for a future without war. Others saw it as a future that was considerably grimmer, yet still full of the possibilities that only the realization of one's own finite nature can bring."
From the Paper "HOLMES' THEORY OF LAW AND MORALITY
This research paper explores the philosophical thinking of
Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. (b. 1841, d. 1935), a Justice of the United States Supreme Court between 1902 and 1931, a distinguished jurist and prolific writer and speaker, concerning law and the relationship between law and morality and the way in which Holmes applied these concepts during his long career on the bench. Since his death, Holmes has been perceived in certain quarters by natural law theorists and others as having propagated a legal philosophy which is insufficiently moored in the moral underpinnings of Western and American civilization and as a somewhat unprincipled agnostic who took an unnecessarily harsh view of American society and the role and evolution of the law in mediating its conflicts."
A comparison of Edgar Allen Poe's character C. Auguste Dupin with Arthur Conan Doyle's Sherlock Holmes, with an analysis of why the latter is so much more famous than the former.
Abstract The paper identifies Poe as the inventor of the genre of detective fiction, with his character C. Auguste Dupin, who was introduced in "The Murders in the Rue Morgue". The paper compares Dupin's character with that of Sherlock Holmes, as Holmes is described by creator Doyle in "The Hound of the Baskervilles", and notes many similarities between the two fictional detectives. It then analyzes the claim that Sherlock Holmes was based on the real life doctor Joseph Bell, with whom Doyle was well acquainted. After returning to a comparison of Dupin and Holmes, the paper reviews the first person narrator of the Holmes stories, Dr. John Watson, and concludes that Doyle did not base his detective on Poe's work. The paper also reviews other early detective novels, going back to the Greek Herodotus and returning to 19th century Europe and America, before resuming its comparison of Poe and Doyle and finding the former to be a better writer. The paper quotes various Holmes stories, and discusses adaptations of those stories to stage and screen, noting Holmes' incredible popularity and lamenting the lack of same for Dupin. In conclusion, the paper finds Holmes to be Dupin's spiritual successor, if not actually drawn on him, and finds the similarities to be, in Holmes' words, "Elementary!"
From the Paper "In fashioning the detective story, Poe eschewed the very ideal of most writers that truth is not necessarily the object of literature. Truth was very much the object in the short stories of C. Auguste Dupin. So why do critics say that Poe "invented" the detective story? Surely, there were detectives working prior to 1841, and surely, some of the stories before Poe had been about crime and criminals. The reasons given include the creation of classic rules of detective fiction that has survived through Doyle and Agatha Christie, Dorothy Sayers, the two men who write under the name Ellery Queen, to Dashiell Hammett and even Mickey Spillane."
Abstract This paper discusses and analyzes the famous fictional detective created by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, Sherlock Holmes, and the belief, held by many critics, that the character of Holmes was based on an actual acquaintance of Doyle. Through an examination of some of Doyle's Sherlock Holmes mysteries, the method Holmes used to solve crimes, the antagonists in the stories and the character of Sherlock Holmes, the paper explains just why many critics believe that Doyle based the character of Sherlock Holmes on one of his true life doctor friends.
From the Paper "Sherlock Holmes, while not the first popular fictional detective (that honor surely goes to Poe's Arsene Lupin) was surely the character that has outlasted the Victorian times in which his adventures were first written by Arthur Conan Doyle. What makes the character still so viable, including the popular movies of the 1930s and 1940s with Basil Rathbone as Holmes and Nigel Bruce as Dr. Watson, and the popular British television series featuring the late Jeremy Brett as Holmes; is that this is not "find the murderer" as in the stories of Dashiell Hammett and Ellery Queen and Agatha Christie (among others), but a series of deductive reasonings, focusing on facts the police overlooked or disregarded. In Holmes stories, including "The Blanched Soldier", and "The Sign of the Four", Holmes is quoted as saying "When you have eliminated the impossible, whatever remains, however improbable, must be the truth." Unlike many modern mysteries there is neither a "red herring" nor what Alfred Hitchcock referred to as a "Maguffin"- a somewhat obvious but, in the end, misleading clue. There is seldom a twist or quirk in the Holmes stories. And, there is seldom even violence or confrontation between Holmes and "the guys who done it"."
Abstract The paper discusses the story of Seaman Holmes. The writer proposes that his story is tragic because, while it relates mostly to the lives that were lost at sea, it also is a case in which one individual was condemned as responsible for death, and this will be knowledge that he will keep with him for life. The writer argues that, while some during the time of the trial attempted to state that Holmes acted out of a desire for his own life to continue, it is evident from the story that Holmes acted with moral and amoral reasoning, always attempting to consider what was best for all aboard the boats. The paper further explains that, through moral reasoning, Holmes made the decision, with the sinking of the ship, which people's lives had to be saved. Holmes, placing the welfare of the passengers above his own, began to aid people to safety.
Abstract The paper discusses Wendell Berry, an extremely versatile and widely-published writer, with myriad essays, novels and poems to his credit. The paper looks at his works and Carter G. Woodson's "The Mis-Education of the Negro" and explores the issue of what progress has been made with regards to race and racism in America in the last 40 or 50 years. The paper shows how Berry believes (and Woodson would most likely agree) that some progress has been made in American racial and social relationships over the past 40 to 50 years. The paper contends that much more still needs to be done for the sake of ourselves, our environment and land and the future of American society.
From the Paper "Wendell Berry, as both a writer and working farmer, might best be described as deeply responsible; conservative, and critically self-conscious in his approach to both writing and farming. Many of his writings reveal Berry's quest, as an author; farmer, and person, to promote both better agrarian and better interpersonal (understandings and decisions (see Trachtman, 2005). For example, Wendell Berry is often cited as a defender of agrarian ideals and [has] frequently voices his appreciation for the Amish."
Abstract Victorian Detective Genre is formed around a criminal offensive, which includes a protector of justice (usually a detective), a motive produced by the criminal, clues which are left for the detective to examine, and a criminal. This paper discusses how a common example of this type of writing is that of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, a doctor at the time of the Victorian era who started writing small newspaper stories which were crafted to his audience with excellence. His main character was a master at solving crimes, a very well educated gentleman with a unique charm which pleased all of his clients. This man was the famous detective named Sherlock Holmes, created and based on Doyle's own medical knowledge. The paper compares some of the stories from the Sherlock Holmes collection to show how Doyle uses Victorian detective genre throughout while using historical references and various quotes from Sherlock Holmes books.
From the Paper "'The Speckled Band', 'Silver Blaze' and 'The Cardboard Box' were all stories where a murder had taken place. Both the stories 'The Speckled Band' and 'Silver Blaze' were based on murders which were both committed by animals, a snake and a horse. Both stories were in enclosed village areas, and both stories had many red-herrings which were tailored to each case along with the police who often believed these theories. Doyle used red-herrings to direct his audience along another route, while allowing Sherlock to investigate strange and often short explanations, for example 'Holmes walked slowly round and examined each and all of them with the keenest interest'. Doyle showed the audience the same clues as Sherlock saw, so they felt Holmes was more cleaver than them to a certain extent, as they had followed the red-herrings throughout the story. This effect was sewn into the clues so the audience could not tell truth from theory. "
Abstract This paper looks at the hero detectives Sherlock Holmes and considers if there is a possibility he suffered from an obsessive disorder problem. It also discusses the Holmes' stories and certain aspects of his adversaries. Also examined is the story "The Hound of the Baskervilles" with a discussion on the setting of the actual scene within the novel and how the literature and atmosphere of the time along with the views and ideals of those reading the novel are affected by the atmosphere and descriptions of the authors? words. Also discussed are the "Stories of the Sussex Vampyre" and the "Final Problem".
From the Paper "Sherlock Holmes is known through out the world as the model private detective, or as he is described a consulting detective since the first pages of a Study in Scarlet were published in Beeton's Christmas Annual in 1887. Arthur Conan Doyle the creator of Britian's Master Sleuth wrote sixty original stories on Holmes? adventures, of these sixty, fifty six were short stories and four were full
To many Sherlock Holmes is the key man in any adventure story as he battles the menaces of evil using his superpowers that are purely based on his own observances and deductions, Holmes? methods can be learned by any person with a mind to open his eyes and use all of his senses rather than just what he thinks he sees."
Tags: detective, hero, moriarty, watson, murder, england
Abstract The paper focuses on Holmes' behaviors and actions, as well as the way that he interprets various clues in the story to support his deductive reasoning approach. The paper also contains crucial quotes from the story to back up each point that is made to show deductive reasoning.
From the Paper "Sherlock Holmes uses deductive reasoning to solve the mystery in The Hound of the Baskervilles. Sherlock Holmes and his partner Dr. Watson are asked to investigate a murder mystery centered on the death of Sir Charles Baskerville. The approach that Holmes uses to solve the mystery is rather practical. He makes observations and pays particular attention to minute details in order to come to a conclusion. Holmes first exercises his deductive reasoning approach in the beginning of the book when he speaks to Watson about a walking stick that is in the apartment. He says, "…There are certainly one or two indications upon the stick. It gives us the basis for several deductions…" (Doyle 4). Holmes draws upon evidence and details before deciding on a concrete answer."
