Abstract This well-researched paper examines the oilindustry, which currently produces and supplies the world's number one energy source. This paper delves into the high swings in terms of price when there are shortages or excesses in supply, which are determined by the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC). This paper details the 7 companies that control the oil market throughout the world which include 5 U.S. companies. This paper analyzes the importance of OPEC and its negotiation tactics with the various oil companies regarding petroleum production, prices and future rights of concession of the oil companies in the different countries. The writer of this paper details the history of the oilindustry by discussing various events such as the 1973 oil embargo and the events that took place in the 1960s in which the U.S. and Europe restricted the import of oil from Russia. This paper details how world events, primarily those in the middle east, affect the price of oil. The writer explores China and India's demand for oil and how it affects global inflation in general. The government of India is now trying to reduce the prices of oil based items over the immediate future so that inflation can be reduced from the current 8% a year. This in-depth paper also analyzes the effects of America's economy on the world's oil prices.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
International Oil Regime
Major Producers
OPEC
Wars and Inflation
Oil Embargo
1973 October War
Inflation
Economic Growth
Asian Giants: India and China
Increased Demand for Oil by Both Nations
Increased Prices Equal Less Economic Growth
Stagflation
Conclusion
References
From the Paper "It is seen that China is one of the fastest growing nations in economic terms and that has taken up the consumption of oil by the country from 2 million tons a year to over 10 million tons now. Even in last year, the growth is over 35 percent and according to analysis of ban credits, it is estimated that Chin will account for over 40 percent of the growth in oil demand. There is also a large increase in demand for oil in United States and this is boosting oil demand internationally. The demand for imports has now reached the limit of supply at about 80 million barrels a day, as already mentioned earlier. At the same time, there are doubts as to whether the massive imports by China are real annual demand or are for building up strategic stocks. According to JP Morgan, the stocks with china are now about 285 million barrels, and even as per statements from China, there is a stockpile being built which will be completed by the end of this year."
Abstract This paper takes a look at the oilindustry. The paper reports that the history of the oilindustry dates back to the earliest civilizations of the Middle East. According to the paper, there are inscriptions, that originated from Mesopotamia, describing the use of oil from as far back as 4000 B.C.E. The paper also reports that in the United States, the invention of the kerosene lamp led to the formation of the first American oil company, Pennsylvania Rock Oil Company, founded in New Haven, Connecticut, in 1854.
From the Paper "The development of the oil industry also took place in many countries outside of the United States. For example, Canada's first oil boom occurred in Ontario in 1867 and in 1947, the great Leduc field near Edmonton, Alberta, was discovered which soon led to Canada becoming an important contributor to the oil industry. In Mexico, oil production began on a commercial scale around 1918 which made Mexico the second-largest oil producer of the early 20th century. Of course, in 1901, one of the first concessions for oil production was granted in Iran and when huge oil reserves were discovered in 1908, the Anglo-Persian Oil Company came into existence and was soon replaced by the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company in 1914. "
Abstract This paper begins with an introduction stating why fire prevention is necessary. It then discusses the different classes of fires and provides information on the source of combustion and ignition of each class of fire. Next, the paper describes the common causes of fires in the oilindustry and provides facts and statistics that support these claims. The paper also takes a closer look at electrical problems, malfunctions, and lightning strikes that cause fires. Training programs, types of fire alarms, and extinguishing methods are also discussed. The paper concludes with recommendations on fire prevention.
Causes Of Fires In Industry Training Program
Fire-Alarm System
Automatic Sprinklers
Portable Fire Extinguishers
Conclusions
Recommendations
From the Paper "Fire protection in the gas and oil industry is extremely important. However, at the economic level, fire protection costs money to design, install and maintain. In business it is an overhead expense that does not produce income. Money for fire protection is often hard to come by and money for maintenance is often one of the first areas where costs are cut. Companies seem to be willing to take a positive chance that fire will not strike, rather than take a positive step to provide fire protection and control. If companies are frugal to spend money on fire protection, they should consider the best fire protection that is needed for their company. Fire protection is usually provided for different reasons. The first is that fire protection is required by local codes. Local codes are considered the minimum requirements that a company must provide to protect the surrounding community (Ignall, 1975, p.89). However, even though the building must comply with local legislative requirements, such compliance does not mean that the facility is fire safe or that production can be resumed after a fire occurs. Generally the local codes only protect the community from the plant, and if a fire does occur and does not kill or harm anyone or spread to other properties, the code has considered being able to do its job."
Tags: extinguisher, fire, oil, prevention, sprinkler, system
Abstract This paper discusses the oilindustry and how it affects international relations and the international economy. It also discusses the history and background of oil use and production. In addition, the paper discusses the impact of oil production, as well as other economic factors relating to the industry. The paper then discusses current and future challenges to the oilindustry.
Table of Contents:
The OilIndustry: Background And History
Key Issues That Are Related To International Economy
The OilIndustry's Impact On The International Economy
Future Challenges For The Industry Conclusion
From the Paper "A significant aspect is the way that oil impacts on the economic relationship between countries. An increase in the price of oil can alter the balance of trade between counties and also affects exchange rates. This refers to the scenario in which the oil-importing countries experience a decline in their balance of payments. This exerts a negative pressure on exchange rates and results in the increase in the price of imports and a reduction in the value of exports. This in turn leads to a decline in the national income of that country. All of these facets have a long-term impact on the economy of countries. "The economic and energy policy response to a combination of higher inflation, higher unemployment, lower exchange rates and lower real output also affects the overall impact on the economy over the longer term" (Analysis of the Impact of High Oil Prices on the Global Economy)"
Abstract The paper deals with the impact of external forces of developmental innovation on the management strategies and processes of oil companies. The paper highlights how adoption of new innovation strategies can be difficult to apply for a major industry like the oilindustry at the same time as highlighting the advantages that the oilindustry could have by adopting the newer innovation strategies. The paper also deals with the appropriateness of the timing, speed and application of the innovation strategies within the oilindustry.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Analyzing Industry Environment through Innovative Business Management
Analyzing Competition within the Industry Timing of Innovation
Innovation Speed
The Impact of Corporate Culture on Innovation
The Use of Core Competence as an Innovation Method
Internal Innovation
Research and Development
The Speed of Marketing the Innovated Product
The Relationship between Innovation and Organizational Success
The Impact of Innovation on Organizational Capabilities
The Relationship between Experience and Innovation
Strategic Planning and Innovation
The Strategic Planning Model Developed by Bryson
Conclusion
From the Paper "The production of ethanol also leads to the release of aldehydes and alcohol in the environment which is harmful as they are cancer-causing chemicals. After the production of ethanol was inspected, the chemicals and gases released into the atmosphere were found to be quite detrimental for the environment. As even the plowing, planting, cultivation and transportation of corn takes up petroleum energy, ethanol can not be considered to be a safe alternate energy source and neither is it environmentally friendly as it contributes to a lot of environmental pollution."
Abstract This paper stresses the importance of innovation in the oilindustry to provide the energy needed for modern technology. The paper analyzes innovation within the oilindustry through its management, competition, innovation timing and company culture. The paper stresses the importance of strategic planning especially using the Bryson's Strategic Planning Model, which the writer deems is an accurate reflection of the current global and political environment. Two charts are included with the paper.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Analyzing Industry Environment through Innovative Business Management
Analyzing Competition within the Industry Timing of Innovation
Innovation speed
The Impact of Corporate Culture on Innovation
The Use of Core Competence as an Innovation Method
Internal Innovation
Research and Development
The Speed of Marketing the Innovated Product
The Relationship Between Innovation and Organizational Success
The Impact of Innovation on Organizational Capabilities
The Relationship between Experience and Innovation
Strategic Planning and Innovation
Bryson's Strategic Planning Model
Conclusion
From the Paper "Core competence is a new approach to thinking about a company's strategy. It is a distinct set of abilities that sets a business apart from its competitors, as it cannot be imitated, can be distributed in various markets and can provide benefits to consumers. It can be found in any business function, be it marketing, production or distribution. Oil companies need to adopt this concept in their companies to not only stand out in the oil trade but also to be able to last against whatever possible threats the government could make for the use of alternative fuels like ethanol."
Tags: responsiveness, bio refinery, customer's preferences, subordinates, research
This paper examines the ongoing debate between those who support the oilindustry and those who wish to protect the Alaskan coastal plains from being drilled in search of oil.
Abstract This paper summarizes the argument against drilling for oil in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge on the basis of damage that would be caused to the environment and the wildlife inhabiting the region. The topic is connected to the events of September 11th which nearly allowed the Republicans to push through an emergency Energy Security Bill, allowing for the extraction of oil from the ANWR.
From the Paper "In the past 10 months many people have claimed that the world as we knew it a year ago has been profoundly and irreversibly transformed with the events of September 11th, 2001. Others have attacked these claims as being yet another example of American ethnocentrism and egocentricity: the world has not changed, the USA simply got a taste of reality. However, whether the United States was living in a sheltered state of denial in which true poverty, destruction and war never found a home on its shores, or whether the world truly has changed entirely, is a subject for a different debate and a different paper."
Abstract This paper studies the economic and political factors affecting plans of the Kuwaiti government to permit foreign participation in the country's oilindustry. The paper begins by discussing the impact of changes in the global economy. Next the paper looks at the Kuwaiti ruling monarchy and the relationship between Kuwait and OPEC. The paper concludes with an outlook for the future of Kuwaiti oil.
From the Paper "For more than three decades the petrochemical sector of the Kuwaiti economy has been completely publicly-owned and for the most part..."
Abstract The paper researches the oil energy industry and how it affects us. The paper discusses the manner in which oil prices affect individual citizens, the airline and transportation industries. In addition, the investigation explores government regulations on energy. The research substantiates the claim that in the modern world the top privately owned oil companies are extremely profitable, because western society is addicted to the oil energy. The paper explains that, as a result, energy companies' profits are related to supply and demand.
Outline:
Introduction
Oil as a Commodity
Petroleum Sector
Transportation Industries Government Regulations on Energy
Foreign Affairs
Black Energy Trade
Future Trends
Future
Conclusion
From the Paper "Oil has long been a source of fuel in America and throughout the world. During the last three decades America and other nations have greatly increased their dependence on foreign oil, however America was not always so dependent on foreign oil. According to Han (1994) during the late 1940's America was both the main producer and consumer of crude oil and petroleum products in the world. The author explains that there was "an average annual production of 1,906 million barrels of crude oil during 1947-49, the United States alone accounted for nearly two-thirds of the combined production of all market-oriented economies. This situation existed simply because the United States was a large industrial economy that thrived on oil more than any other country in the world (Han 1994, pg. 11)." "
Abstract Oil has been an important part of the Nigerian economy since vast reserves of petroleum were discovered in the 1950s. In 1997, Nigeria earned over 95 percent of its foreign exchange from the sale of oil on the global market. Foreign oil companies dominated oil exploration, drilling and shipping in Nigeria, with Shell Oil controlling approximately 60 percent of the country's domestic oil market. This paper examines the huge environmental damage in Nigeria caused by oil spills, gas-flaring and oil waste dumping. The paper looks at the destruction to the biodiversity of the affected regions, loss of wildlife and soil fertility and health problems. It looks, in particular, at the problems which affect the Ogoni people of the Delta region and the compensation Shell was forced to pay. Finally, the paper discusses the future of Nigeria's oilindustry and Shell's promise to improve environmental concerns in the region.
From the Paper "Critics note that such low-tech security operations can surely be significantly improved, especially when hundreds of millions of dollars are spent in developing technologies to discover oil under the ground. There are many oil pipeline surveillance technologies currently on the market, including a host of fiber optic sensors that detect stress in the pipelines and drilling equipment through subtle shifts in the optic wavelength. Researches at the Southwest Research Institute in San Antonio have developed harmonic sensors that can be placed inside of pipes via the flow of oil and then attach themselves to the interior to measure outside force. And over the last two years, ChevronTexaco has invested tens of millions of dollars in startup companies that design pipeline sensor networks (ibid)."
Abstract This paper discusses the article 'China's Rising Demand for Oil and Pipelines Has Worldwide Implications?'by Gordon Feller. It applies macroeconomic theory to oil as a commodity product in China where oil and other petroleum products, as well as coal, have become a major source of energy production. The paper discusses the opinion expressed in the article that this development in terms of world oil markets, the petroleum industry and the fact that China has great potential to affect the world oilindustry either positively or negatively.
From the Paper "In the article "China's Rising Demand for Oil and Pipelines Has Worldwide Implications," Gordon Feller discusses the unexpected negative impact that the ascendancy of China's economy into a major global economy has had on international markets. For years companies all over the globe and especially in the West have viewed China as an emerging market with vast potential for increasing sales for many years to come. Yet, most analysts seemed to overlook the fact that China's economy was expanding for a reason and that its emerging modern infrastructure and middle-class population with greater income levels would have the same energy demands as any other developed nation: China's rapid economic expansion makes it one of the largest energy-consuming nations with demand growth continuing to surge."
Abstract This paper looks at every aspect of the oilindustry in the Persian Gulf, using United Arab Emirates (UAE) as the specific case study to examine the affects of oil production and its transportation on the environment in the UAE.
The Table of Contents:
Introduction
Nature of Drilling in the United Arab Emirates
The Political and Social Organization of the United Arab Emirates
History of the UAE as a Nation-State
The Geography of the Persian Gulf as a Whole
Temperature, Climate, and Topography of the Land
The Ecological History of the Persian Gulf
Pollution Related to Oil Production and Transportation
Strategies for Improvement
Steps Being Taken
Steps to Take
Conclusions
From the Paper "This does not mean that accidents are not of any concern of the UAE. There is a recognition significant future potential for oil-related accidents. The danger from oil spills is a worldwide problem and the Gulf presents a uniquely challenging environmental situation. There is a high level of traffic through the waters of the UAE by oil tankers and other shipping rigs. Since the Gulf War of 1991, the waters of the UAE have suffered from a number of significant oil spills within the country's recent historical, collective memory. Most of these spills were accidental but the intentional release of Kuwaiti oil by the Iraqis at the end of the War raised serious concerns within the borders of the UAE as to the potential for spilling oil as a war-related tactic. This act gained the attention of all of the Gulf States, convincing them that they should take immediate steps to prevent damage from oil spills in the future. In this case, the political instability of the region acted as a "wake up" call to all of the Gulf nations. (Zeitoun and Goudsouzian, 2001: 150) The most recent spill occurred when an Iraqi tanker called the Zainab, a container ship smuggling Iraqi crude, sank in April of 2001. It was carrying over one million gallons of Iraqi fuel and 300 tons of fuel oil when it sank off the port of Jebel Ali, south of Dubai. (Zeitoun and Goudsouzian, 2001: 150) The spill spread oil along the Sharjah, Dubai, and Ajam coast. Beaches were fouled, and local Ajmani authorities closed the emirate's main desalination water plant as a precaution against pollution. This caused significant water shortages. (Zeitoun and Goudsouzian, 2001: 150; "Gulf Tanker Spill Under Control": MSNBC.COM)"
Abstract This paper provides a market and behavior analysis for the oilindustry for the years 2006 and 2007. It specifically looks at the factors that determine prices, particularly supply and demand and increasing speculation on the part of investors which are more diverse than traditionally. The paper includes graphs to demonstrate its explanations.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Supply and Demand Analysis
Price System
Barriers to Entry
Government Involvement
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper "It is clear that stockholders and investors have the power to create great instability and volatility in the oil market through speculative practices of investment that create concern on the part of other investors and may result in volatility and the dumping of stock at precise times in order to make a profit in the area of oil investments. Oil prices at the present are not unprecedented and there are expectations that while oil prices will go down, in the meantime the status quo will remain. Lowering production rates, speculative investing, global weather and climatic changes all work toward impacting the stability of prices of oil and increasing volatility. While supply has the capacity to meet oil demand, simultaneously the quantity of supplies have been limited in an action that has ultimately been driving up the prices of oil and most particularly in the United States. Insofar as future predictions, oil prices are expected to rise even higher in 2008 with increased demand for oil and limited supply, although it is understood that this limitation of supply will be due to choice on the part of oil producers and not due to a true limit of supply of oil."
This paper is an industry analysis of the United States oil and gas industry, excluding the industry-related exploration and production pre-refining activities.
Abstract This paper explains, using Porter Five Forces Model, that there is a limited threat of new entrants cutting into Shell, Mobil, Texaco, Gulf, and Exxon's market share because the industry is fairly oligopolistic, with only a few giant firms controlling the majority of the industry even on the global scale. The author points out that the world's oil-producing nations are very influential in the supply and demand factors associated with oil production and consumption through the Organization of Oil Producing Countries (OPEC). The paper stresses that, as globalization increases the world's demand for oil, it will be critical for the oil-producing nations to maintain a steady cost per barrel, while, at the same time, meeting the high production demands because there are few new technological advances or regulatory controls available to overshadow the basic economic formula of supply and demand. OPEC promises to control pricing for the industry. Tables.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Industry Overview
Five Forces Model
Major Competitors and Strategic Group Mapping
Future Trends
Opportunities and Threats
Conclusion
Appendix A: OilIndustry
From the Paper "The oil and gas industry are driven by the price of crude oil. The industry was shaped in the late 1990's when the price of oil lagged around $10 a barrel forcing many smaller independent companies into seeking bankruptcy protection and the larger oil companies like Shell, Mobil, Texaco, Gulf and Exxon to look for partners through acquisition or merger. This entailed reduced refining and exploration activities and less gas production. However, today, the industry must contend with a new global economy that has increased demand for energy to record levels, which has allowed a robust rebound in the oil and gas industry. ?Oil prices advanced closer to $50 a barrel Monday as domestic and foreign supply concerns persist amid strong global demand.? "
Abstract This paper reviews the oil and gas industry in the Middle East, specifically Oman. The author applies accounting for the industry.
From the Paper "The focus of this paper is financial accounting for the oil and gas industry. While accounting in the oil and gas industry generally is discussed in this paper where appropriate and feasible certain perspectives are provides added emphasis. The first of these perspective sis the Sultanate of Oman. Where conditions or characteristics of either the oil and gas industry or the application of financial accounting in that industry differs markedly between the general industry and the industry in Oman such variations are identified ..."
Tags: Accounting, Oil, &, gas, industry, Middle, East, Oman
