Abstract
This paper describes the stalemate America faces in trying to find a solution to being dependent on oil from the Arab world. The author traces the history and background of this problem, and cites the end of the 1973 oil embargo as the reason that no serious research has continued in this field. The paper additionally shows how oil pricing is high and further outlines the causes of Western dependency on oil. Also analyzed is the connection between oil dependency, the increased energy needs of emerging nations and the environment. The author concludes with a call for more research and public awareness of the issue of oil dependency.

Outline:
Introduction and Background
Genesis, Continuation and Increasing of Problem
Attempted Solutions
Evidence for the Problems of High Oil Price
Causes
Effects
Solutions
Conclusion
Table "U.S. Retail Gasoline Prices"

From the Paper
"Solutions to the ongoing and continually-increasing problem of oil dependency could still be reached; if the political will and commitment were to truly exist (and in the opinion of this author, it currently does not). No real solution is viable without that. Oil lobbies would need to lose their grip on Washington politicians, which would even conceivably happen only if a groundswell of citizenry were to threaten to "un-elect" the career politicians supported, politically and sometimes, at least to an extent, personally (trips; favors) by various big oil interests."

Tags:oil, OPEC, United, States, Arab, world, petroleum, dependency, alternative, energy, sources

Abstract
The paper relates that a lessening of the available oil supply on the world market usually has a detrimental effect on the economies of much of the developed world, and Canada is no exception. The paper discusses how a scarce oil supply increases the amount of money the public has to spend for energy, adds to the cost of goods for several reasons, and so can become a drain on the GDP. The paper relates that Canada is in part an oil-producing country and so might benefit from higher oil prices, as happens when there is a scarce supply. However, the paper explains that the cost to the public can be so much greater that any increase in payments for oil are not sufficient to bolster the economy.

From the Paper
"A lessening of the available oil supply on the world market usually has a detrimental effect on the economies of much of the developed world, and Canada is no exception. A scarce oil supply increases the amount of money the public has to spend for energy, adds to the cost of goods for several reasons, and so can become a drain on the GDP. Canada is in part an oil-producing country and so might benefit from higher oil prices, as happens when there is a scarce supply. However, the cost to the public can be so much greater that any increase in payments for oil are not sufficient to bolster the economy. The Canadian economy was transformed after the 1970s from an economy based..."

Tags:canada, oil, economy

Abstract
This paper takes a look at the oil industry. The paper reports that the history of the oil industry dates back to the earliest civilizations of the Middle East. According to the paper, there are inscriptions, that originated from Mesopotamia, describing the use of oil from as far back as 4000 B.C.E. The paper also reports that in the United States, the invention of the kerosene lamp led to the formation of the first American oil company, Pennsylvania Rock Oil Company, founded in New Haven, Connecticut, in 1854.

From the Paper
"The development of the oil industry also took place in many countries outside of the United States. For example, Canada's first oil boom occurred in Ontario in 1867 and in 1947, the great Leduc field near Edmonton, Alberta, was discovered which soon led to Canada becoming an important contributor to the oil industry. In Mexico, oil production began on a commercial scale around 1918 which made Mexico the second-largest oil producer of the early 20th century. Of course, in 1901, one of the first concessions for oil production was granted in Iran and when huge oil reserves were discovered in 1908, the Anglo-Persian Oil Company came into existence and was soon replaced by the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company in 1914. "

Tags:Drake, Well, petroleum, pipelines, crude, oil

Abstract
This paper discusses the article 'China's Rising Demand for Oil and Pipelines Has Worldwide Implications?'by Gordon Feller. It applies macroeconomic theory to oil as a commodity product in China where oil and other petroleum products, as well as coal, have become a major source of energy production. The paper discusses the opinion expressed in the article that this development in terms of world oil markets, the petroleum industry and the fact that China has great potential to affect the world oil industry either positively or negatively.

From the Paper
"In the article "China's Rising Demand for Oil and Pipelines Has Worldwide Implications," Gordon Feller discusses the unexpected negative impact that the ascendancy of China's economy into a major global economy has had on international markets. For years companies all over the globe and especially in the West have viewed China as an emerging market with vast potential for increasing sales for many years to come. Yet, most analysts seemed to overlook the fact that China's economy was expanding for a reason and that its emerging modern infrastructure and middle-class population with greater income levels would have the same energy demands as any other developed nation: China's rapid economic expansion makes it one of the largest energy-consuming nations with demand growth continuing to surge."

Tags:oil, petroleum, economics

Abstract
This paper presents an in-depth examination of Mexico's situation today in light of its bad press regarding excessive crime, drug cartels, illegal immigration and a number of other issues associated with the nation. In fact, the paper argues that the Mexican economy is not as fragile as reported it the international press, pointing out that Mexico has gone through a successful transformation both in the political and macroeconomic realms. Various charts and graphs further support this thesis. Additionally, the paper examines the oil industry in Mexico, one of its chief export commodities. It highlights the role of PEMEX, Petroleum Mexico, which was established not just to manage the oil industry in Mexico but also to generate government revenue and serve as a chief source of employment. The paper discusses PEMEX extensively, noting problematice management issues with this government organization. The paper concludes by stating that Mexico must move its economic focus away from oil to more cleaner and renewable sources of energy like wind or solar power would not only serve to meet Mexico's growing energy needs but also help to keep Mexico's oil the property of its people. Ultimately, this would strengthen its economy. Several figures are included in this paper.

From the Paper
"The US slowdown has weakened economic activity in Mexico with both exports as well as domestic demands witnessing a fall. Inflation increased in the past one year mainly because of the rise in worldwide energy and food prices. Fall in exports in 2008 and 2009 can be attributed to the reduced industrial production in the US and reduced domestic oil output. Conversely, higher oil revenues in the Mexican budget has boosted public consumption and increased investments. According to OECD estimates growth will continue to fall through the rest of 2009 but is expected to recover in 2010. (Oecd Publishing 2008) The most important point to be noted here is that the vulnerability of the Mexican economy vis-a-vis US economic developments have lessened considerably over the past decade. Even in 2001, a very moderate US correction resulted in a drastic fall in Mexican economy which had to strive hard for the next two years to revert it back. Apart from the national economic reforms and the improved fiscal position, one important factor that has helped to counteract the external..."

Tags:privatization, drug cartels, crime, oil industry, infrastructure, PEMEX

Abstract
This paper describes the potential use of Alberta's oil sands, which may potentially be converted into an upgraded crude oil. The paper further notes that until recently, Alberta's bitumen deposits were known as tar sands but are now referred to as oil sands. The bitumen deposits are a thick, sticky form of crude oil, so heavy and viscous that it will not flow properly unless it is heated or diluted with lighter hydrocarbons.

From the Paper
"Alberta's oil sands consist of deposits of bitumen, which is a black viscous oil that must be properly treated to convert it into an upgraded crude oil before it can be used by refineries to produce gasoline and diesel fuels. Until recently, Alberta's bitumen deposits were known as tar sands but are now referred to as oil sands. Bitumen is best described as a..."

Tags:alberta, oil, sands

Abstract
This paper reviews the relationships between OPEC crude oil production levels, Canadian crude oil prices, and Canadian crude oil consumption. The paper includes a regression analyses applied to relevant data to assess the effects of OPEC production.

From the Paper
"Poor discipline among the member states of OPEC together with increased production in non-OPEC oil exporting states compromised OPEC's ability to dictate world crude oil prices. The organization, however, continues to play a highly important role in the world crude oil market..."

Tags:Crude, Oil, OPEC, Marker, Share

Abstract
Recently an oil pipeline belonging to the Dutch Royal Shell Company in Nigeria was attacked by an insurgent group known as MEND. In spite of similar attacks the oil company is making huge profits and the government is not acting. The issue points to tremendous corruption in Nigeria and a failure to share oil wealth with the average citizen. This has created a dangerous situation.

From the Paper
Nigeria's Oil Morass Summary: The immediate topic of this article is the recent shut down of a Dutch Royal Shell Oil pipeline by local insurgents in the Niger Delta of Nigeria. The larger issue is Nigeria's inability or unwillingness to deal with corruption, political dissidents and local poverty in this huge, oil rich region in West Africa. The results include continued discontent among inhabitants, disruption of international oil shipments and frustration on the part of oil companies. However, despite these problems Nigeria's government is only minimally interested and oil companies, like Dutch

Tags:oil, nigeria, corruption

Abstract
This paper summarizes the argument against drilling for oil in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge on the basis of damage that would be caused to the environment and the wildlife inhabiting the region. The topic is connected to the events of September 11th which nearly allowed the Republicans to push through an emergency Energy Security Bill, allowing for the extraction of oil from the ANWR.

From the Paper
"In the past 10 months many people have claimed that the world as we knew it a year ago has been profoundly and irreversibly transformed with the events of September 11th, 2001. Others have attacked these claims as being yet another example of American ethnocentrism and egocentricity: the world has not changed, the USA simply got a taste of reality. However, whether the United States was living in a sheltered state of denial in which true poverty, destruction and war never found a home on its shores, or whether the world truly has changed entirely, is a subject for a different debate and a different paper."

Tags:11th, alaska, anwr, bush, caribou, crisis, energy, environment, fuel, george, iraq, national, oil, politics, pollution, porcupine, september, herd

Abstract
This paper looks at every aspect of the oil industry in the Persian Gulf, using United Arab Emirates (UAE) as the specific case study to examine the affects of oil production and its transportation on the environment in the UAE.

The Table of Contents:
Introduction
Nature of Drilling in the United Arab Emirates
The Political and Social Organization of the United Arab Emirates
History of the UAE as a Nation-State
The Geography of the Persian Gulf as a Whole
Temperature, Climate, and Topography of the Land
The Ecological History of the Persian Gulf
Pollution Related to Oil Production and Transportation
Strategies for Improvement
Steps Being Taken
Steps to Take
Conclusions

From the Paper
"This does not mean that accidents are not of any concern of the UAE. There is a recognition significant future potential for oil-related accidents. The danger from oil spills is a worldwide problem and the Gulf presents a uniquely challenging environmental situation. There is a high level of traffic through the waters of the UAE by oil tankers and other shipping rigs. Since the Gulf War of 1991, the waters of the UAE have suffered from a number of significant oil spills within the country's recent historical, collective memory. Most of these spills were accidental but the intentional release of Kuwaiti oil by the Iraqis at the end of the War raised serious concerns within the borders of the UAE as to the potential for spilling oil as a war-related tactic. This act gained the attention of all of the Gulf States, convincing them that they should take immediate steps to prevent damage from oil spills in the future. In this case, the political instability of the region acted as a "wake up" call to all of the Gulf nations. (Zeitoun and Goudsouzian, 2001: 150) The most recent spill occurred when an Iraqi tanker called the Zainab, a container ship smuggling Iraqi crude, sank in April of 2001. It was carrying over one million gallons of Iraqi fuel and 300 tons of fuel oil when it sank off the port of Jebel Ali, south of Dubai. (Zeitoun and Goudsouzian, 2001: 150) The spill spread oil along the Sharjah, Dubai, and Ajam coast. Beaches were fouled, and local Ajmani authorities closed the emirate's main desalination water plant as a precaution against pollution. This caused significant water shortages. (Zeitoun and Goudsouzian, 2001: 150; "Gulf Tanker Spill Under Control": MSNBC.COM)"

Tags:petroleum, economic, government, drilling, offshore, political, organization, islam, urban, british, americans, exploration, oil, foreign, oman, dubai, wildlife, legislation, land, preservation, arabian, structure, water, topography, climate, geography, history, economy, tankers, uni