Abstract
This work researches and examines why many Ohio soils have significantly more clay in the subsoil than in their surface horizons or the soil parent material. The author argues that these changes are due to man's agricultural pursuits in the area. The paper also explores the soil in terms of Ohio's climate and the soil's organic composition.

From the Paper
"Soil organic matter is the source of nitrogen, phosphorus and other micronutrients needed in crop production and which is formed during the oxidization and decay processes that occur in the soil. The levels of these nutrients produced by the soil processes is difficult to change. According to the work entitled: " " published in the Agronomy Bulletin: "Historically, when forages were part of the crop rotation, nutrient release and soil tilth increased due to the season-long production of roots. Currently, well fertilized, high-yielding grain crops return large volumes of residue to the soil and are a source of nutrients. On medium-textured soils low in organic matter, crop residues are usually more beneficial when left on the surface than when incorporated. During the growing season this surface residue reduces the formation of soil crusts and results in increased water infiltration and higher crop yields. Crop residue on the surface of fine-textured soils such as silty clay loam or clay loam may delay planting by delaying soil drying." (Ohio Agronomy Guide, 14th Edition; accessed online 2006-04-08)"

Tags:agriculture, soil, clay, climate, Ohio

Abstract
This paper takes a look at Maria, a character in the story "Clay" by James Joyce, who never actually wakes up to face the reality or realizes that her whole life has been based on false assumptions and lies.

From the Paper
"In the Dubliners, James Joyce's short story "Clay" stands out as a piece that has as its main character an ignorant woman who is essentially blind to the world around her. While many of Joyce's characters are struck with life-changing epiphanies, Maria does not recognize the signs - that are predictors of her future - even when they are painfully obvious to the reader. Working at the Dublin by Lamplight laundry, Maria thinks of her position as being of the utmost importance when in reality she is nothing more than a common dishwasher. Although Maria's budget is very limited, she nevertheless thinks that she is an independent woman and can afford the same things as women her age who are actually married. Maria believes that other individuals respect her and admire her, even though those same individuals either mock her unassuming nature or fail to notice her all together. Maria considers Joe's family to be the closest thing she has to having her own family. Meanwhile, Joe, his wife and his children simply put up with Maria once a year as if she was an unpleasant burden. Throughout the story, Joyce presents comparison after comparison of how Maria views herself versus how others view her. While Maria sees her life and the world around her through rose-colored glasses, the reality is rarely accommodating of her expectations."

Tags:clay, james, joyce, maria, Dubliners, character, analysis, english, literature

Abstract
The paper looks at how the relationship between Ohio and the federal government is one which has undergone many transformations since the Ohio was first admitted to the Union in 1803. The paper explains that probably the most important factor determining Ohio's early history is the fact that it was not one of the original thirteen colonies, but was one of the first few states admitted after Independence. The paper discusses how one result of this is that, as is the case with all such states, the influence of the Federal government is critical and often the determining factor in various historical disputes.

From the Paper
"The relationship between Ohio and the federal government is one which has undergone many transformations since the Ohio was first admitted to the Union in 1803. Probably the most important factor determining Ohio's early history is the fact that it was not one of the original thirteen colonies, but was one of the first few states admitted after Independence. One result of this is that, as is the case with all such states, the influence of the Federal government is critical and often the determining factor in various historical disputes, as will be seen. Our overview of the relations between Ohio and the Federal government will..."

Tags:ohio, history, federalism

Abstract
This paper starts with the earliest vestiges of public relief of unemployed workers in the feudal estates of the
Middle Ages through the English Poor Laws. The paper discusses economic collapses and the false start of the demand for federal involvement of Coxey's Army during the depression of the 1890's. The paper then addresses the Great Depression of the 1930s and the innovation of the Ohio Unemployment Insurrance Commission. The paper also reviews the modern legislative history of Ohio unemployment compensation.

From the Paper
"Unemployment compensation is just one form of economic security that can trace its roots back to the middle ages straddling the gap between charity and governmentally guaranteed economic security. The modern manifestation is deeply rooted in Ohio history and the "New Deal" of the 1930's. It is a system that has evolved during the interceding seventy years currently the subject of controversy working its way into the present day newspaper headlines. As in our modern economic system where the need for a pool of skilled labor force is required for a properly functioning economy, feudal lords..."

Tags:ohio, unemployment, compensation

Abstract
This paper examines the current population demographics for Ohio and makes predictions about the population demographics 50 years from now. It makes some policy suggestions about how Ohio can help its increased aging population at that time, and suggestions about controlling immigration and the birth rate, and providing for seniors.

From the Paper
"The current population demographics for Ohio are, Total Population, Population Age or Older Population Under Age, Net Migration, International Net Migration, Internal Birth Rate, Fertility Rate and Mortality Rate. The projected population demographics for Ohio is in using an overall growth rate of per year for years with no compounding to simplify the math since this can only be a rough estimate anyway, due to so many intervening factors which cannot be taken into account and assuming a constant birth rate and constant death rate..."

Tags:population, demographics, birthrate, immigration, seniors, Ohio

Abstract
The writer of the paper relates that the four personalities he chose to feature in this essay are not, except for Dave Thomas, well known to the national public. Yet, the writer shows how for each one of them, having a long-term association with Ohio did make a difference in their own lives and those of many other people.

From the Paper
"The editors of Builders of Ohio, a book of twenty-four biographical essays, note in their introduction that their intent is not just to memorialize certain famous personalities of Ohio history, or to idealize them. They indicate that they were very willing in their selection of essays to include the bad along with the good, so that readers could learn what lies behind the great statues that dot the state and in the process learn to humanize some of the most important people in the state's history (Van Tine and Pierce, vii.) Many of the people chosen in the essays are not necessarily those that..."

Tags:ohio, history, biography

Abstract
This paper describes teacher unions and mediation practices in Ohio.

From the Paper
"Teachers unions are one of the most powerful organizations in American education. The National Education Association (NEA) and the American Federation of Teachers (AFT) are the two largest state and national level organizations and they strongly influence education policy. (Johnson, Donaldson, Munger, Papay, Qazilbash) There is no national teachers union negotiating a single contract for all of the country's teaching force. Each state has its own rules, states either permit or require collective bargaining in which local teacher representatives negotiate..."

Tags:mediation, in, ohio

Abstract
The paper explains that Clay Sizemore is torn between the spiritual world of his aunt Easter and the secular world of his "brother" Cake, and he feels uneasy in both worlds. The paper then discusses how the quilt represents the many facets and layers of Clay's life and highlights how Clay comes full circle, from a youth without goals or purpose, to a father who will love and protect his little daughter. The paper points out that he was searching for something he could not find in the secular or spiritual world, but once all the pieces fell into place, he could grow into a confident and happy husband and father. The paper includes an outline.

From the Paper
"Clay's life is like a crazy quilt, it is missing pieces, and he has to put them together to move onward with his life. He barely remembers his mother, knows she was murdered but little else, and that is one of the things that drives his character. He is missing a past and the love of a mother, and it leaves a hole in him that he cannot seem to fill. Another critic notes, "Clay has to piece together his past and his memories, much like his great-uncle Paul pieces together scraps of fabric to make a crazy quilt" (West). A pivotal moment for him and his growth as a person is when Easter gives him the Bible box that was his mother's, complete with a letter she wrote to him."

Tags:secularity, religion, purpose, meaning

Abstract
This paper focuses on the value of clay in encouraging children's expressive language development. The paper explains that expressive language includes the sounds, gestures, and emotions learned from the point of infancy to express thoughts, feelings, and desires. Expressive languages help children learn to communicate with others. The paper asserts that play in general, and clay in particular, greatly helps children develop their fine and gross motor skills in addition to expressive languages. The paper discusses Reggio Emilia Preschools, which have developed their own curriculum centered on student-guided development and play. The paper notes that clay is also used in art therapy because it has been found to help adults who are unable to express their feelings properly - possibly because of the lack of full expressive language development as a child.

From the Paper
"Using clay as a medium for developing expressive language skills is a fun way for children to learn at their own pace. Children at multiple levels of development can all have fun and benefit developmentally working with clay. Children can focus on their likes and dislikes by creating things that replicate what they enjoy. When the clay is dried, they can chose to paint it their favorite colors, or they can choose to leave it the color it is. Clay allows children to express their likes and dislikes in a variety of ways. As mentioned early, clay is ideal for young children because it is so forgiving. Although other forms or art, such as painting or drawing, are also helpful in the development of expressive language, they are more permanent. Once the paint is on the canvas, the young artist can not take it back or change their mind. If the child makes a mistake in paint, he or she needs to figure out how to cover it up, or start over from scratch. Clay allows children to experiment with different designs, shapes, colors, etc. when working with clay; children are truly free to try whatever they want."

Tags:Reggio, Emilia, preschool, art, therapy

Abstract
This paper explains that Clay Walker is one of the recording stars responsible for the current popular explosion of country music, a multi-billion dollar industry, which has surpassed rock-and-roll and pop music to become the best-selling music genre in the United States. The author points out that Clay is well-known for his high-energy concerts and performance style, even though he has multiple sclerosis. The paper relates that Walker uses techniques of country music, such as themes and stereotypical portrayals to good advantage; however, he also uses some elements from classical music. For example, in his song, "If I Could Make a Living," Walker uses a musical style from Elizabethan songwriters, which is called antimetabole.

Table of Contents
Review and Discussion
Biography of the Artist
Musical Development
Musical Style and Style Changes
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Walker was born on August 19, 1969 and was raised on a farm in Beaumont, Texas, the hometown of George Jones. Walker came to country music at an early age when his father presented him with a guitar when he was only 9 years old. Following his graduation from high school (where he "haunted the practice rooms of the music department teaching himself to play the piano"), Walker pursued a full-time musical career by playing concerts across the United States and Canada. "For over three years, he toured and went to school, taking courses about the music business. During this time, he acted as his own manager." Walker's real break came when he took a job as the house singer at a club in Beaumont, Texas."

Tags:antimetabole, best-selling, piano, sclerosis, texas