Abstract
The paper looks at how the relationship between Ohio and the federal government is one which has undergone many transformations since the Ohio was first admitted to the Union in 1803. The paper explains that probably the most important factor determining Ohio's early history is the fact that it was not one of the original thirteen colonies, but was one of the first few states admitted after Independence. The paper discusses how one result of this is that, as is the case with all such states, the influence of the Federal government is critical and often the determining factor in various historical disputes.

From the Paper
"The relationship between Ohio and the federal government is one which has undergone many transformations since the Ohio was first admitted to the Union in 1803. Probably the most important factor determining Ohio's early history is the fact that it was not one of the original thirteen colonies, but was one of the first few states admitted after Independence. One result of this is that, as is the case with all such states, the influence of the Federal government is critical and often the determining factor in various historical disputes, as will be seen. Our overview of the relations between Ohio and the Federal government will..."

Tags:ohio, history, federalism

Abstract
This paper starts with the earliest vestiges of public relief of unemployed workers in the feudal estates of the
Middle Ages through the English Poor Laws. The paper discusses economic collapses and the false start of the demand for federal involvement of Coxey's Army during the depression of the 1890's. The paper then addresses the Great Depression of the 1930s and the innovation of the Ohio Unemployment Insurrance Commission. The paper also reviews the modern legislative history of Ohio unemployment compensation.

From the Paper
"Unemployment compensation is just one form of economic security that can trace its roots back to the middle ages straddling the gap between charity and governmentally guaranteed economic security. The modern manifestation is deeply rooted in Ohio history and the "New Deal" of the 1930's. It is a system that has evolved during the interceding seventy years currently the subject of controversy working its way into the present day newspaper headlines. As in our modern economic system where the need for a pool of skilled labor force is required for a properly functioning economy, feudal lords..."

Tags:ohio, unemployment, compensation

Abstract
This paper examines the current population demographics for Ohio and makes predictions about the population demographics 50 years from now. It makes some policy suggestions about how Ohio can help its increased aging population at that time, and suggestions about controlling immigration and the birth rate, and providing for seniors.

From the Paper
"The current population demographics for Ohio are, Total Population, Population Age or Older Population Under Age, Net Migration, International Net Migration, Internal Birth Rate, Fertility Rate and Mortality Rate. The projected population demographics for Ohio is in using an overall growth rate of per year for years with no compounding to simplify the math since this can only be a rough estimate anyway, due to so many intervening factors which cannot be taken into account and assuming a constant birth rate and constant death rate..."

Tags:population, demographics, birthrate, immigration, seniors, Ohio

Abstract
This work researches and examines why many Ohio soils have significantly more clay in the subsoil than in their surface horizons or the soil parent material. The author argues that these changes are due to man's agricultural pursuits in the area. The paper also explores the soil in terms of Ohio's climate and the soil's organic composition.

From the Paper
"Soil organic matter is the source of nitrogen, phosphorus and other micronutrients needed in crop production and which is formed during the oxidization and decay processes that occur in the soil. The levels of these nutrients produced by the soil processes is difficult to change. According to the work entitled: " " published in the Agronomy Bulletin: "Historically, when forages were part of the crop rotation, nutrient release and soil tilth increased due to the season-long production of roots. Currently, well fertilized, high-yielding grain crops return large volumes of residue to the soil and are a source of nutrients. On medium-textured soils low in organic matter, crop residues are usually more beneficial when left on the surface than when incorporated. During the growing season this surface residue reduces the formation of soil crusts and results in increased water infiltration and higher crop yields. Crop residue on the surface of fine-textured soils such as silty clay loam or clay loam may delay planting by delaying soil drying." (Ohio Agronomy Guide, 14th Edition; accessed online 2006-04-08)"

Tags:agriculture, soil, clay, climate, Ohio

Abstract
The writer of the paper relates that the four personalities he chose to feature in this essay are not, except for Dave Thomas, well known to the national public. Yet, the writer shows how for each one of them, having a long-term association with Ohio did make a difference in their own lives and those of many other people.

From the Paper
"The editors of Builders of Ohio, a book of twenty-four biographical essays, note in their introduction that their intent is not just to memorialize certain famous personalities of Ohio history, or to idealize them. They indicate that they were very willing in their selection of essays to include the bad along with the good, so that readers could learn what lies behind the great statues that dot the state and in the process learn to humanize some of the most important people in the state's history (Van Tine and Pierce, vii.) Many of the people chosen in the essays are not necessarily those that..."

Tags:ohio, history, biography

Abstract
This paper describes teacher unions and mediation practices in Ohio.

From the Paper
"Teachers unions are one of the most powerful organizations in American education. The National Education Association (NEA) and the American Federation of Teachers (AFT) are the two largest state and national level organizations and they strongly influence education policy. (Johnson, Donaldson, Munger, Papay, Qazilbash) There is no national teachers union negotiating a single contract for all of the country's teaching force. Each state has its own rules, states either permit or require collective bargaining in which local teacher representatives negotiate..."

Tags:mediation, in, ohio

Abstract
The following paper explores the fascinating and natural wonders of Ohio Caverns, the premier cave system in the state of Ohio, the general geology of the state of Ohio, and a basic overview of cave formation related to the various geological features of a limestone-based cavern system such as found in Ohio Caverns. In addition, this paper briefly examines how Ohio Caverns compare to other cave systems in the world, especially to Carlsbad Caverns in the state of New Mexico.

From the Paper
"The formation of a cavern system is perhaps one of the most amazing aspects of geology, due to the fact that caverns often display formations and features that seemingly defy natural forces like gravity, erosion and the passage of time. Generally, the most common type of cavern system is based on limestone, a "sedimentary rock made up of calcium deposits laid down in the earth's strata over millions of years" and which when placed under extreme pressure turns into marble and related metamorphic rocks (Gilbreath, 145). These types of limestone-based caverns are known as solution caves which are created through the interaction of various gases (i.e., CO2) and water seeping down from above. This combination of CO2 and water creates carbonic acid which then dissolves the limestone and carries with it minerals dissolved into a solution. "

Tags:limestone, rock, Carlsbad

Abstract
This paper reviews the book, "Winesburg Ohio", a well-crafted work of art by the author, Sherwood Anderson, about the alternately complex, lonely, joyful, and strange lives of the inhabitants of the small town of Winesburg, Ohio. It analyzes the various motifs of Winesburg, Ohio under different sectional headings in order to view how characters function in the set of stories remarkably woven by the author. It covers the themes of loneliness, inhibition, lack of communication, and isolation, and also tries to show the connection of George Willard to these themes and the town.

From the Paper
"The first chapter is called "Hands" , and involves the sad story of Wing Biddlebaum. Because Biddlebaum is accused of having molested students that he taught, his hands embody the shame that he carries. Fearing that the presence of his hands will be misinterpreted, Biddlebaum hides his expressive hands. Because a person's physical hands are used to communicate feeling, "Hands" is a tale about one of the sources of isolation, the inability to communicate feelings. "Paper Pills" is the second chapter of the novel and deals with another cause of isolation, the inability to communicate thought. Because Doctor Reefy is afraid of communicating directly to another person, he writes his thoughts on little pieces of paper to prevent his thoughts from being misinterpreted."

Tags:wing, biddlebaum, george, willard

Abstract
The paper discusses the 3331.04 section of the Ohio Revised Code, which deals certificates that can be granted to children over sixteen years of age so that they are excused from attendance at school. The paper relates that the 3331.08 Ohio revised code is related to 3331.04; if the superintendent refuses to grant a certificate, an appeal may be taken to the juvenile judge of the county. The paper discusses the factors involved in awarding this certificate.

From the Paper
"It is compulsory for a child between six and eighteen years of age to attend school according to the 3321.01 and 3321.13 Ohio Revised Code, but there are some exemptions that give the child the right of being exempt from these regulations. The 3331.04 section deals with certificate for child over sixteen. The 3331.08 Ohio revised code is related with 3331.04. If the superintendent refuses a child to be granted a certificate that states he/she is exused from attendence at school, an appeal may be taken to the juvenile judge of the county. The appeal must be within ten days after the superintendent's refusal. The final decision about whether the child will be excused from attending at school or not is the juvenile judge's decision."

Tags:school, attendance, exemption, certificate, juvenile, judges

Abstract
James Wright comments on life in an American steel town with his poem "Autumn Begins in Martins Ferry, Ohio." Using free verse, Wright is nonetheless able to imbue the poem with flowing cadence. The paper shows how the poet offers his readers a glimpse into a small segment of Americana, while at the same time delivering universal human truths. The paper shows how "Autumn Begins" is an observation of the crowd and activity at a high school football game. In the first stanza, the narrator muses about the various minority groups in Martins Ferry. The second stanza is devoted to the state of affairs of American family life and the state of mind of the wives at home. Finally, the third stanza depicts the young athletes, who play an aggressive sport that mimics their father's hard work. The paper shows that "Autumn Begins in Martins Ferry, Ohio" combines modern poetic devices and a somber tone to convey life in Middle America.

From the Paper
"While the free verse style of the poem does not provide the reader with metric structure, it does correspond to the content of the poem. The narrator, who remains unidentified throughout the poem, speaks in a reflective tone. He or she wishes to remain an observer and does not reveal anything about him or herself. The focus of the poem is on the people and situations described by the narrator. While any judgments made about life in Martins Ferry, Ohio are subtle, the tone of the poem becomes dark and almost foreboding. Diction is the key to conveying such a tone; the poet chooses such words as "starved," "dying," "suicidally," and "terribly." Even at the beginning of the poem, images of gray-faced "Negroes in the blast furnace," and "ruptured night watchmen" build an atmosphere of depression. While the narrator watches an innocent high school football match, he or she notices that the people in this town do not live lives of joy."

Tags:narrator, Immigrants, American, Dream