Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that diagnosis with ODD/CD must not be allowed to become a crutch or a free license to produce behaviors that can be altered through treatment and normal cognitive developmental growth. The writer also points out that on the other hand, lack of a diagnosis should not challenge a child (and his or her parents) from getting treatment and services they need. The writer discusses that very educated, experienced and highly skilled diagnosticians should always be employed to make diagnostic determinations with children. The writer concludes that real environmental factors such as major home changes, unresolved grief or limitations of parenting time need to be addressed and ruled out prior to an assessment for ODD/CD or at the least as an aspect of assessment.

From the Paper
"The difficulties of defining and diagnosing ODD as well as other Conduct Disorders in general are many and varied, not the least of which is the subjective nature of the behaviors themselves. While some parents, caretakers or educators could clearly evaluate ODD/CD symptoms in almost the entire population of a class many are reluctant to accept definitive diagnosis, as it tends to follow students and does not always take into consideration that ODD/CD symptoms may very well be associated with a real environmental challenge the child is facing. Some examples of such situations are profound grief, related to loss of friends, family members or even beloved pets or objects (depending on age). Additionally, children are highly sensitive to social conditions and if they change they may exhibit disruptive behavior as a way to seek attention. Some of these same people (parents, caregivers and educators) might also say that there is a clear difference between ODD/CD kids and normal children experiencing temporary or even persistent environmental reactions, as with ODD/CD kids they cannot isolate reason and none can be found."

Tags:symptoms, behavior, growth, treatment

Abstract
Discusses the pattern of negative, disobedient behaviors in a child or adolescent. Examines problems caused by the condition at school, work, and in social situations. Cites possible causes of ODD, its symptoms, and gender differences.

From the Paper
"Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) is a pattern of defiant, negative, hostile, disobedient behaviors in a child or adolescent which lasts for at least six months (Doermann, 1999). The condition causes problems at school or..."

Abstract
The paper examines how, in the book "Odd Girl Out" by Rachel Simmons, applying gender stereotyping to the image of a schoolyard bully conceals the fact that girls are equally capable of injuring their fellow classmates. The paper discusses how, while boys are more likely to use physical methods of dominance against weaker boys, their female counterparts are more apt to make use of more subtle, social methods of bullying, like forming cliques. The paper concludes that if women do not find more effective ways to express their aggression, and to deal with their need to express anger and dominance, then female opportunities of mentorship in business, as well as friendship will be thwarted.

From the Paper
"Sadly, for girls who are bullied, the psychological consequences are often far more extensive than simply not going to one's high school prom, or having nasty notes passed around during geometry class. Their idea of positive female friendship may be forever tarnished, and the girls may inhibit their social and academic aspirations, for fear of becoming spectacles in high school and beyond, and hence the targeting of more bullying. Female friendship is not a positive source of energy and comradeship for a bullied girl, instead it becomes a social weapon, or a reward that can be extended or withdrawn, depending on the girl's obedience to a particular social code or deference to a kind of 'alpha female.'"

Tags:adolescent, leaders, dominant, popular, aggression

Abstract
This paper examines a dating couple that is experiencing difficulties concerning personal perspective in their relationship. The dialogue between these two individuals shall be assessed according to the integrative couple therapy approach as is outlined in the book, Reconcilable Differences by Andrew Christensen and Neil S. Jacobson.

Abstract
This paper seeks to analyze the directorial aspects of a couple that lived a cage for three days. By becoming "Circus Freaks" in an old custom that depicted South American Indians as savages, they see seek to explore how people would react in a city environment in Columbia, South America. By seeing the filming, the racial perspectives, and the reactions the couple get, we can see how this film provokes historical revisions on Indian heritage.

Abstract
This paper describes an imaginary couple in therapy, along with practical and systemic issues. Treatment models used are Imago relationship therapy and relationship enhancement therapy.

Abstract
The paper discusses how the dynamics of polarization are not always the central criterion for Faderman's understanding of sexuality; she often implores the other forms of transsexual relationships and even bi-sexual connotations of being lesbian that are complicated and diverse. The paper shows how the various arguments that argue a nature versus nurture argument do provide some insights into the various forms of lesbianism.

Tags:lesbian, study, work

Abstract
In this paper, the author looks at the issues arising from same sex couples adopting children. The paper explains the procedures involved in adopting and the screening process for prospective parents. The author then looks at same sex couples who want to adopt and the implications on a child's upbringing. The author specifically mentions a report by the Medical Institute of Sexual Health which states that "Significantly higher percentages of homosexual men and women abuse drugs, alcohol and tobacco than do heterosexuals." The author discusses how he believes that children have the right to grow up in a normal healthy family which, he believes, is made up of a mother and a father. In conclusion, the author offers his opinion that, although home is where the heart is, adoption should be about placing children in natural families and safe homes.

From the Paper
"In addition, the child has a right to have a natural family, and a mother and father. Due to divorce, this family deprivation has already hit America like no other war, disease, or problem before. Should this unnatural family life continue or be extended and even encouraged by homosexual couples adopting? Social researcher David Blankenhorn, author of Fatherless America, declared, "Fatherlessness is the 'engine driving' social pathologies such as crime, adolescent pregnancy, child sexual abuse, and violence against women." Research confirms that the domestic environment most favorable to the well being of children has both a mother and a father. (Gay Adoption)"

Tags:lesbian, gay, couple, sexual, couple, heterosexual, child, emotional

Abstract
The paper discusses how Hamlet loves Ophelia in his own tortured and odd way. The paper illustrates how, as the play continues, it is clear Hamlet loses touch with reality and with it, his love for Ophelia. The paper describes how Ophelia cannot deal with his rejection and rather than go on with her life, she ends it, without fulfillment, without love and with no future. The paper demonstrates how both lovers cared for each other and might have had a life together, but they were both too tragically flawed to ever really become a couple or maintain their love.

From the Paper
"Those surrounding Ophelia believe Hamlet loves her - even that he has gone mad with love for her. Her father, Polonius tells her Hamlet's rash behavior is based on his unrequited love for her. He says, "That [denial of love] hath made him mad" (II. i. 109). Thus, those surrounding Ophelia misinterpret Hamlet's actions, and Ophelia might have as well, although it does seem Hamlet loves her in his own tortured and odd way. He does leave her a note that seems to confirm his feelings for her. It reads, "O dear Ophelia, I am ill at these numbers; I have not art to reckon / my groans: but that I love thee best, O most best, believe it. Adieu" (II. ii. 120-121). Thus, he has confessed his love to her, and no matter how it deteriorates from this point on in the play, he has held love for her in his heart."

Tags:rejection, drowning, flaws, reality, tragedy

Abstract
The paper discusses how Boyle's novel "Tortilla Curtain" evolves in a series of juxtapositions between two couples, one white, affluent, and jaded about the rewards of success (the Mossbachers) and the other poor, Spanish-speaking, yet filled with hope in the face of seemingly insurmountable odds (the Rincons). The paper analyzes the symbolism and irony present in the book and the focus on the American dream that turns out to be a lie. The paper comments that this work is both persuasive and sadly relevant to current immigration debates in America today.

From the Paper
"T. Coraghessan Boyle's 1995 novel Tortilla Curtain depicts the growing embitterment of the protagonist Delaney Mossbacher with illegal immigrants and Mexicans over the course of three clearly divided sections with the Spanish names, "Arroyo Blanco", "El Tenksgeeve", and "Socorro." The novel begins with Mossbacher hitting an illegal immigrant named Candido. At first, Delaney thinks that Candido is a wild animal, a coyote. Then he realizes that Candido is a man."

Tags:illegal, immigration, symbolism, irony