Abstract This paper examines the topic of oceantides, the periodic rise and fall of the ocean waters due to the gravitational pull of the moon and the sun on the surface of the earth. It looks at what causes tides, what are high and low tides, the different types of tides, the phenomenon of tidal currents and waves, the effect of tides on the coastlines and on fishing and how tides can be harnessed for energy. It also discusses other areas in which knowledge of tidal data can prove useful.
Outline
What Causes Tides?
High and Low Tides Lunar and Solar Tides Tidal Period
Spring and Neap Tides Diurnal, Semi-Diurnal and Mixed Tides Effect of Tides on Coastlines
Effect of Tides on Fishing
Tides in Gulf of Mexico and the Texas Gulf Coast Regions
Tidal Energy
Other Applications
From the Paper "The gravitational force of the earth at its surface acts in an inward direction towards its center. This force keeps the ocean (and other) waters confined to the surface. At the same time, the gravitational force of the moon and the sun exert an outward pull on the surface of the earth. Since the earth solid surface is a rigid body, it remains relatively unaffected by this ?pull.? However, the ocean waters, being liquid and less rigid, are physically pulled outwards towards the moon and the sun by their gravitational force. This outward pull is not uniform over the earth's surface since the gravitational force of the moon (or the sun) acts on the side of the earth facing it. Hence "high tide" is produced in the ocean waters by the "heaping" action resulting from the horizontal flow of water towards regions of the earth facing the moon or the sun."
Abstract The following paper explores various types of pollution in the ocean. Pollution from oil spills, run-offs that result in toxic wastes in the ocean and the dumping of foreign particles in the ocean are discussed.
Abstract The paper focuses on a Pentagon Report that was released to the world media in 2004 predicting that the north Atlantic current would stop in the near future, bringing global catastrophe. The paper explains how ocean currents work and describes the phenomenon of global warming. The paper concludes that the events put forth in the Pentagon Report are a plausible scenario, although many scientists contest the events as something which is not likely to happen in the near future.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Theory
Results
Discussion
Conclusions
From the Paper "The Pentagon Report was released to the world media in 2004 predicting that the north Atlantic current would stop in the near future, bringing global catastrophe. It is known that in the past the ocean currents have been affected by changes in climate, although the lack of direct observations make it difficult for scientists to discover the exact nature of changes which are currently being observed. There have however been changes noted in currents in the Pacific and in the Atlantic Oceans related to climate change, suggesting that the events predicted in the Pentagon Report may occur at some stage in the future, although it is difficult to predict exactly when. If such changes in ocean current did occur, it is likely that the changes would impact on a global scale."
Abstract This paper discusses Red Tide - the common name for the blooming of certain species of dinoflagellata that have a reddish pigment causing the water to appear to be red when the massive numbers of dinoflagellates accumulate. The paper examines the dangers of Red Tide to human beings in the form of nausea, skin irritation and weakened immune systems. It also shows that Red Tide can be fatal to marine life, especially marine mammals. Finally, the paper discusses the effects of Red Tide on the fishing industry and the various things which are being done to try and control it.
From the Paper "Red tides have been completely unaffected by pollution, and finding a way to contain outbreaks has been a daunting task for scientists. Most recently, a Woods Hole scientist has been experimenting with using clay to smother the algae (Fairfield). This new method has helped protect the billion-dollar fishing industries in Japan and South Korea, and scientists are hoping it can protect the waters in the United States as well (Fairfield).
Until recently, the research has focused mainly on the toxins emitted, and the chemistry of the harmful blooms ? not on finding ways to control the blooms (Fairfield). While the United States isn?t a fishing economy per se, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration estimate that the U.S. will lose more that $1 billion over the next ten years because of the toxic algae (Fairfield)."
Abstract The deadliest tsunami in the Indian Ocean ever occurred at 7:59 AM local time on 26 December 2004. This paper looks at how the tsunami was one of the most damaging tsunamis observed in recent times and caused death to hundreds of thousands of people alongside billions of dollars worth of damage to the towns and villages affected. The paper examines the oceanic processes which led to the extent of the tsunami as well as the damage which was caused and the ways in which oceanographers can contribute to limiting damage from future tsunamis through monitoring the oceanic processes.
Outline:
Introduction
Oceanic Processes
Observations of Oceanic Processes
Data from Indian Ocean Area
Data from Outside Indian Ocean Area
Satellite Altimetry
Near Field
Far Field
Impact of the Disaster
Effects Near the Epicenter
Effects on Human Environments
Effects on Natural Areas
Monitoring and Prevention
Use of Data from the 2004 Tsunami
Predicting Future Tsunami Effects
Conclusions
From the Paper "The 2004 tsunami was originally caused by an earthquake which occurred on the ocean floor, out at sea in the Indian Ocean. The specific type of earthquake was crucial in the type of tsunami which formed as a result. The specific earthquake was caused by thrusting type of source rupture. It created a megathrust earthquake which was moment magnitude 9.3. The earthquake occurred along 1300km of oceanic subduction zone in the eastern Indian Ocean which is located 100km west of Sumatra and the Nicobar and Andaman Islands (Stein & Okal, 2005). The seismic changes which occurred caused vertical displacements of up to 10m in the ocean floor. These were accompanied by sudden horizontal movements of up to 20m in adjacent plates. Overall it was a combination of these two thrusting movements which led to creation of highly destructive waves (Bilham, 2005)."
This paper examines the Campaign of 1776 in the American Revolution using Donald Barr Chidsey's book "The Tide Turns: An informal History of the Campaign of 1776 in the American Revolution".
Abstract This paper presents an overview of the history of the Campaign of 1776 in the American Revolution. Using Donald Barr Chidsey's book "The Tide Turns: An informal History of the Campaign of 1776 in the American Revolution", the writer of this paper presents a look at the events leading to the 1776 victory by American troops. It discusses the positions of both the American colonies and the English rule at the time, and examines how the Americans overcame the British in a 7-year long Revolution. It also examines the strategical war decisions of both sides such as where to move the troops when, and how this determined which side gained victory.
From the Paper "Throughout the world America is known as the strongest nation there is. We are noted for our economic, military and political power and we use our forces and resources to protect not only the freedom of our citizens but also the freedom of residents around the world. We have grown so accustomed to our lofty status in the world that we seldom remember how young we are and how close we came to never being who we are today. The American Revolution worked to make a final and permanent separation between those who lived in the American colonies and the English rule they had fled to escape. While we had moxy and determination we were a small and severely under funded campaign when going against the massive and well established British forces. Donald Barr Chidsey presents an informal yet complete history of the American Revolution turning point and how it launched the America that we know and love today."
Abstract The paper explains that like in Shakespeare's plays, Conroy also provides a clear setting for each type of scene. Like in Shakespeare's comedies, ?Prince of Tides? also makes it very easy to discern exactly where each scene is taking place. The paper examines the main character of the novel, Tom Wingo, and discusses how each scene is represented by a mood and specific setting - , the low-country in the south represents honesty and understanding whereas New York City represents dangerous denial and calamity.
From the Paper "William Shakespeare's comedies often differentiate between the staid, political atmosphere of the court and the city, and the raucous carnival atmosphere of the forest and the countryside. Often, characters will escape the court to the forest to explore their inner depths and their passions. The result is a dichotomy that permeates several of his plays: even from close textual analysis of one passage in a Shakespeare comedy, the reader is able to discern whether the scene takes place in the court or in the forest."
Tags: wingo, scene, setting, character, novel, play
Abstract This paper identifies a product with key attributes, target customers and the stage of life the product is in. It identifies the branding and packaging strategies that are used and analyzes the strengths and weakness of this product. The product chosen is "Tide".
Abstract This paper uses "An Introduction to the World's Oceans" by Keith Sverdrup to back up some of the serious issues raised through recent research conducted by the U.S. Commission on Ocean Policy, in particular, the ongoing and future pollution threats to ocean waters, citizens, and marine life. Journal articles also supplement the paper and the topics being reviewed.
Table of Contents
Introduction
The Economic Value of Oceans to Americans
Waste Dumping in Our Oceans Oil Contamination from Various Sources
Toxins and Trash Entering the Oceans The Depleted Fisheries
The Vanishing Wetlands
Conclusion
References
Endnotes
From the Paper "The U. S. Commission on Ocean Policy reports that more than 28 million gallons of oil from human activities enter North American waters annually, but, according to an article in Issues in Science and Technology, "the bulk of human-related inputs is not due to large-scale spills and accidents that occur during the transport of crude oil or petroleum products" (Rabalais, 2003). In fact, researchers looking for sources of oil that runs into America's oceans can look into the "chronic low-level releases" of oil that add up to "roughly 16 million gallons of oil" annually, running down rivers and streams, according to the Rabalais article.
These oil pollutants "are most obvious in the watersheds that drain heavily populated areas," and the data from the U.S. Commission on Ocean Policy, plus the Sverdrup textbook, indicate that coast areas are becoming more and more heavily populated. Some of the 16 million gallons draining originates with "jettisoned aircraft fuel, marine recreational vehicles, and operational discharges, such as cargo washings and releases from petroleum extraction." "
Abstract The 1995 blockbuster hit, "Crimson Tide," is an account in which two senior officers engage in a power struggle on board a nuclear missile submarine. This paper analyzes the conflict core and explores possibilities of resolution and prevention. The paper looks at contributing factors, intervention, and mediation.
From the Paper "There are time when intervening directly in conflict is necessary. When the ship's captain becomes irate with the XO in front of the crew, and a heated argument commences, it was COB who decides to intervene and defuse the possibility of violence. As minor as his role may seem, COB is becoming more and more of a mediator in this situation. He is respected by the crew, he is biased only to navy regulations, he is very direct, and his excellent people skills are demonstrated when he calmly defuses the argument between the captain and the XO ..."
Abstract This paper examines the article "Crimson Tide" by author Atul Gawande about Christine Drury's life of blushing. It looks at how the article tells the extreme procedures a young lady endured to be rid of the stressful emotion of blushing.
From the Paper "In this article, Gawande wrote about Drury's embarrassing red chest and face, which caused her career life to suffer. Drury wanted to work on television from the time she was a little girl. Gawande told how Drury, at the age of twenty-six, became an overnight anchor woman for Channel 13 News. Although Drury always wanted to be on television, she could not change her intense blushing problem. The redness of the face and neck was not the only problem Drury had while blushing. Drury would become fully aware when the blushing process began. The blushing could be triggered by the stumble of words or Drury realizing that she was talking too fast. "
Abstract This paper studies the novel "Prince of Tides" by Pat Conroy. The author of this paper looks at how one communicates about shame, particularly over childhood abuse. The paper examines the responses of each of the book's main characters to shame and tries to understand how it affects their psyche.
From the Paper "Clearly, shame can make a person feel awkward, powerless, and painfully alien. Furthermore, it can make a person feel trapped and exposed in vulnerability, terrified, undefended, and profoundly unlovable. Finally, it can make a person feel singled out as the object of scorn or laughter. Yet, even within shames rage and blame, the emotion remains powerless to reform and serves only to overwhelm its victim with a disordered sense of responsibility makes the victim feel bad about himself."
Abstract This paper examines the manatee population of Florida which has suffered devastating effects not only from the fishing and boating industry but the from re-occurrence of the red tides has killed large numbers in recent years. This has lead to much research and numerous efforts regarding manatee protection and algae controls.
From the Paper "Between 1995 and 1996, about twenty percent of the Florida manatee population died from exposure to red tide, a toxic algae bloom that occurs naturally in the Gulf of Mexico, and to which manatees have been exposed to for many years (Trouble pp). Scientists believe that perhaps the blooms are more concentrated due to the increasing levels of pollution in Florida's coastal waters, and moreover, that the pollution may be reducing the manatees natural immune system and its resistance to disease (Trouble pp)."
Tags: marine, mammal, Crystal, River, Gulf, of, Mexico, ecosystem
Abstract This paper examines war imagery as it appears in three novels - Jeff Shaara's "The Rising Tide", Richard Galli's "Of Rice and Men", and James Bacque's "Our Fathers' War". It looks at how this imagery captures the absurdity of war and its many contradictions by having symbols and concepts uneasily juxtaposed against one another. More than that, the paper also notes how war inverts things, with the cross and the Church taking on chilling meanings while "dirt" becomes more meaningful than cleanliness. It concludes that symbols serve as powerful communicators of war's destructiveness and perversity.
From the Paper "In Jeff Shaara's 2006 novel, The Rising Tide, the use of symbolism raises some interesting images in the minds of the reader. For instance, at one point, as his tank crew is firing on a German tank, it occurs to a British officer of the British Seventh Armored Division that the first thing they always see through the dust and dirt of war are the crosses - the crosses marking German tanks on the battlefield of the Libyan Desert (Shaara, 9). The cross is supposed to represent Christianity, of course, but in the desert it is inverted in the mind to represent something else: killing machines that fire projectiles which tear apart Allied tanks and the men within them. Considering the absurdity of war, the symbolic potency of finding crosses in the middle of a war-torn desert is quite powerful."
Abstract This paper presents facts about global warming and the effect it has, and will have, on the oceans and the delicate marine life and habitat. The discussion involves the melting of polar caps and the effects resulting from such devastation. The paper examines how warmer temperatures will destroy marine life and concentrates on the delicate coral reef system which is already feeling the effects of the warmer ocean temperatures. The temperature rise and ocean rise are discussed, along with ideas on halting the progression of dangerous toxins contributing to higher climate temperatures.
From the Paper "As the coral reefs die, so do many other species of fish, crab and several other species. Large increases in the volumes of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere are already apparent. At current rates of change, carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere will double by the end of the next century (2100 AD). Calculations indicate that this rate of change in carbon dioxide alone will may result in a warming of between 1.5 and 4.5?C. The most likely effect of sustained global warming will be a melting of the polar ice caps, and a rise in sea level, while on land the deserts will expand."
