This essay describes how occupational justice and occupational therapy can help the elderly reduce their dependency on others and improve their quality of life.
Abstract This paper first discusses occupational justice and defines it as giving equal opportunities and resources to enable people to pursue meaningful occupations. The paper then gives a brief overview of the elderly in nursing homes and gives corresponding statistical data. Next, the paper discusses data conducted on occupational therapy and examines how it benefits and improves the lives of the elderly in nursing homes.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Occupational Justice
Elderly in Nursing Facility
Occupational Therapy
Conclusion
From the Paper "Statistical reports in 1995 revealed that at least 4% of the population aged 65 years and above stayed in nursing facilities (Meiner & Lueckenotte, 2005). However, the quality of life of the elderly in nursing homes varies widely. While accounts of kind, compassionate care are common, there are also reports of inhumane, insensitive treatment of inmates, as well as incidents of physical and mental abuse. Paradoxically, the kind of environment in nursing homes where everything is taken care of for the elderly inmates can be counterproductive. The elderly inmates tend to lose control of their lives and their activity level and psychological well-being decreases (Hess & Markson, 1990.)"
Tags: aging nursing therapy, american occupational therapy association, health elderly
Abstract This paper presents an overview of the occupational health nursing specialty, as practiced in the university hospital setting. The paper defines the role of the occupational nurse and discusses the specialty's orientation to the hospital population. This is followed by a brief discussion of the importance of community assessment in planning occupational heath programs at the hospital. Next the paper provides examples of typical activities for occupational health nurses. The paper concludes with a discussion about how the speciality views the role of the individual within the wider university hospital community.
Tags: EMPLOYEE, HEALTH/OCCUPATIONAL, HEALTH, NURSE, IN, THE, UNIVERSITY, HOSPITAL
Abstract This paper uses several related sources to detail the area of study known as occupational ergonomics. The paper defines the term and its significance. The paper further discusses areas of importance concerning occupational ergonomics. The paper examines safety issues that arise because of occupational ergonomics. The paper concludes with an analysis on how ergonomics benefits businesses.
From the Paper "Ergonomics.org, a non-profit group set upon providing information and resources, defines just exactly what the study of ergonomics is. This group states that "The term 'ergonomics' is derived from two Greek words: 'ergon,' meaning work and 'nomoi,' meaning natural laws. Ergonomists study human capabilities in relationship to work demands" ("Posture, movement, and ergonomics," 2005). Those concerned with occupational ergonomics focus upon the prevention of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) from occurring in the workplace. In recent years, with work-related injuries becoming such a costly and common predicament around the world, such groups have come to the forefront of occupational awareness, attempting to find solutions to the problem either as a service or for monetary gain. This paper will look at some of the issues involved with occupational ergonomics, including its importance in today's work environment, safety issues that are involved, and what benefits there are for companies."
Abstract This paper takes a critical look at the Japanese invasion of Hong Kong in December of 1941. The paper points out that the occupation lasted till the early autumn of 1945, and the brutality of the experience is still a topic of resentment. It asserts that the occupation of World War II is part of Hong Kong's history and local memory for it harshly affected every family then living there. The paper adds that Japan's unknowable agenda caused some people in Hong Kong to rather welcome the 1997 lapse to the PRC, aware that their territory would be defended by the Red Army should their worst fears come to pass. The paper concludes that the fall of Hong Kong and the Japanese occupation were shattering events that have shaped Hong Kong's culture and consciousness.
Outline:
Introduction
Taking Hong Kong
A Fighting People
The 21st Century
A Changed Identity?
Conclusion
From the Paper "One is unsurprised by comments of older people from Hong Kong on a 'Japanese mentality' or condemnation of recent Japanese elections favouring right-wing candidates. Stories still abound of Hong Kong civilians forced to dig hideouts for Japanese boats on Lamma Island, the diggers killed to keep the boats' locations secret. Part of the trouble involves how such horrid events contrasted with a colony of which many Chinese were most proud for Hong Kong had grown from nothing after the 1840s, the work of ordinary immigrants from the Mainland, the British administration working in their favour in years when the Mainland was hopelessly turbulent or just inefficient. In fact, after World War II, people wanted a return to stable government, eschewing decolonization in favour of colonial rule that lasted till 1997. The Japanese occupation had a deep impact, in this sense, as in 1952 proposed liberal reforms were not of interest to the public. Authoritative, stable rule was wanted instead, for the IJA occupation had destroyed Hong Kong's pre-War trading economy based on entrepot shipping and services linking the Chinese treaty ports that were most profitable. Hong Kong was a place of employment, education and hope, different from other European colonies in the region, its atmosphere said to be happier and more harmonious than in British Malaya or Singapore. Its people were often the children or the grandchildren of 19th century migrants, many from Canton, the whole social order differing from that of China, the well to do proud to descend from some ordinary soul to head for Hong Kong to make his fortune, away from the rigid class system of Mainland China, Qing instability and corruption."
Abstract This paper describes the occupational hazards of being a paralegal, which include back pain, headaches, and disorders such as carpal tunnel syndrome. The paper defines occupational hazards of computer dependent careers.
From the Paper "The definition of occupational hazard which is a term typically used in determining insurance premiums is any activity associated with a job that increases the likelihood of sickness injury or death. The physical demands of a paralegal's job are typically not life threatening and are likely limited to sitting for long periods of time and excessive computer use. Both of these strains can lead to back problems chronic headaches or conditions such as tendinitis or carpel-tunnel syndrome ..."
Tags: paralegal, occupational hazards, carpal tunnel, back pain, headaches, computers
Abstract The paper examines America's occupation of Japan after World War II, governed at the time by Douglas MacArthur, known as the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers (SCAP). The paper explains that he helped revive the Japanese economy, the Japanese political system and major reforms in various institutions in Japan. This led to an agreement in San Francisco in 1951 to allow Japan to defend herself and to continue with her economic development.
From the Paper "The end of World War II in the Pacific came in 1945, but the war did not end for Japan for some time even though the fighting was over. After the war, Japan was occupied for some time by the U.S. under the command of General Douglas MacArthur. The Japanese chafed under the restrictions placed on the country by MacArthur and his administration, but in the long term, the people emerged from this era stronger and fully able to take advantage of new economic opportunities, allowing them not only to rebuild their country but to achieve a major increase in economic terms over the next several decades."
Abstract This paper discusses the disparity has long existed between men and women in occupational equity, explaining that these changes, for several possible reasons, began to take place during the Neolithic Revolution. The paper also looks at the substantial changes that have been made in the last two centuries through reform acts, legislation, and social movements while also pointing out that, in spite of the great strides that have been made in these areas, women still face difficulties in rising through corporate ranks.
From the Paper "Men and women have always seemed to occupy different places in the work force. Women have typically taken the role of gatherer, caregiver, nurturer--passive roles, in most cases, in which they stayed close to the family or larger tribal unit. Men, on the other hand, have roamed far from the central group as hunters, warrior, and protectors of the social order. In today's world, the wide gender gap of the nineteenth century has changed substantially to the very narrow spectrum of differences seen today."
Abstract The paper is a report written from the author's perspective as the director of occupational services. The report examines issues related to the important role of occupational care and how it fits into the continuum of health care. The report looks at critical elements of changes in future healthcare trends and how this may affect occupational care. The report concludes that health care resources should be directed to this every important facet of the health care delivery system.
Outline:
Introduction
Components of Occupational Health and the Continuum of Care
Occupational Therapy Contribution to Health Care Resource Management
Future Trends and Occupational Health
Authorization and Conclusion
From the Paper "The slew of problems currently plaguing the Occupational Health Care Department stems from the fact that this branch of healthcare is seen as trivial and is not identified as an important component of the health care continuum. As the Director of Occupational Services, Health Sciences Division, I have unraveled a number of issues related to the Occupational health role in the overall management of health resources in the division that need attention and are presented in the report below."
Abstract This paper explains that, sometimes, occupational ailments are exacerbated by poor coping skills, which might lead a person to destructive behavior, such as alcohol or drug use, that further the detrimental effects of stress. The author points out that occupational stress not only hurts the individual, but also can severely damage the entire organization through lower productivity, increased absenteeism, and the eventual loss of the investment the organization has made into the occupational development of an individual or group. The paper states that a manager must be aware of the offerings available to workers in the way of compensation when a worker is forced to leave the job due to occupational stress cause injuries or illness.
From the Paper "Mangers must make every attempt to help employees through transitional periods that may lead to uncertainty and stress. They must make certain that work conditions are as good as possible for all employees. They must be aware of task levels and productivity, when someone is underutilized or over burdened by the work they are given to do. They must intervene effectively when conflict occurs and take action to advocate for employees. They must be aware of the level of responsibility each employee shoulders and his or her comfort level with it."
Abstract This paper explains that the idea of ethics and occupational consistency can be one that is a difficult one to sort out in this day and time. For Christians, having an occupation that agrees with their ethics is especially hard, since the occupation must allow for the Christian to attend church services and work in a profession that does not require him/her to sin. It discusses how there are many Biblical reasons for a Christian to be careful when choosing an occupation; many jobs may not seem to be unethical for Christians, but still can become difficult for a Christian to perform ethically. Although the Bible may not specifically address certain issues, there are guidelines within the book that can be followed.
From the Paper "The idea of being consistent with an occupation and the ethics of a person has many applications. In the world today many occupations require a person to work hours that may prevent church attendance. Also, some occupations are one's which may call one's ethics into question all together. A person may have to go against what they know is right because of what their job requires them to do. These problems are not new, but are more prevalent than they were in Bible times."
Abstract This paper defines organizational socialization as the process through which individuals are transformed from outsiders to participating, effective members of organizations. While organizational change is defined more simply as either down-sizing or reengineering within the corporation, which both constitute the same radical corporate transformation within a business or corporation. The writer of this paper contends that the success of today's organization depends on unleashing and maximizing the talents of its workforce. The overall purpose of both occupational socialization and organization change is to help managers and supervisors achieve better results by identifying when and how to be participative. It is based on the premises that participative management and leadership practices are essential to building commitment. This paper details the various scenarios which require businesses to make drastic cutbacks or structural changes in the set up of the company as well as the reactions from both management and the workforce. Some of the more positive reasons for a company to change are in a shift of how to do business, manage complexity as well as the ability to transcend existing inertia and become more effectively competitive. Some of the more negative effects of change are that it can distract from the basic company goal, changing just to increase team spirit. The writer of this paper discusses several models in organizational socialization methods, including the Schein method which dictates that socialization to higher levels of management includes socialization to more central roles and influence within the organization.
Table of Contents:
What is Occupational Socialization?
Organizational Socialization Techniques
What is Organizational Change?
What Are the More Positive and Negative Aspects of Organizational Change?
What Happens When a Company Decides to Change?
How Does Occupational and or Organizational Socialization Affect Organizational Change?
Occupational Socialization Footnotes and Bibliography
Bibliography
From the Paper "Some formal socialization techniques include orientation programs, new employee training, and employee handbooks and for on going socialization, job rotation. On the other hand informal socialization may include on-the-job training from a supervisor or coworkers, word of mouth and upending or transformational experiences. One of the better known organizational socialization models is Schein's which states that socialization to higher level of management includes socialization to more central roles and influence in the organization. One informal method of doing this is through personal mentoring. The Schein method describes that some of psychosocial functions of mentoring include role modeling, acceptance and confirmation and friendships."
Abstract A look at the occupation of Afghanistan by the Soviets. The author examines this occupation from the time before conflict till the time the Soviets fought against Afghan soldiers. A look at the events leading up to this occupation.
From the Paper "The Soviet experience in Afghanistan is like that of many other world powers throughout history. Nations such as the United States, Britain, France, and China have all enjoyed the difficulties of imperialism. One in which a large, broad, foreign force was used to counter a small force of relatively ill-equipped, native insurgents. In each of these cases the indigenous forces were clearly outgunned and out manned, however they proved to be indomitable. Their will and persistence was stronger than any professional army, more destructive than any modern weapon, and more capable than any highly trained soldier."
Abstract This paper will discuss the extent to which personality variables play a part in a person's occupational choice and occupational membership is an issue that has received much attention by vocational and occupational psychologists and will be related here. The lack of study on neuroticism plays a factor in these elements, but does not seem to be analyzed enough in the field. This paper will help clarify this through the studies that determine measurement of variables and the effects of stressors on personality components involved with making this examination.
Abstract The traditional view on race and class effects upon occupational mobility are that whites have more opportunities than non-whites and that those in the upper-middle to upper classes will have unlimited opportunities to grow in their career and others will not. It is the purpose of this paper to explore this issue from the terms of race and class and their effect upon occupational mobility.
Abstract This paper explains that at a construction site, simple negligence can exacerbate into a dangerous hazard: The main victims of these hazards are the laborers, but the responsibility to provide a safe working environment belongs to the owners of the construction site. The author points out that the government of Australia is actively engaged in promoting occupational safety measures, which are applicable to the employers, employees and others who have an influence on the hazards in a workplace such as contractors, designers and other logistic suppliers. The paper relates that, at the work site studied, two major areas---work from heights and load carrying hazards for the masonry workers---are observed and controls based on Occupation Safety and Hazard Management System (OSHMS) are recommended. Chart.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Purpose of the Study
Overview of the Study
Methods of study Conducting
Findings of the Direct Visit to the Work Site
Working Process
The Physical Hazards
Slip/Trip/Fall
Electrical Shock/Spark
Chemical Hazards
Nature of Injuries Caused
Occurrence of Hazards
Hazards of Fall when Work from Heights
Hazards During Load Carrying
Risk Matrix
Physical Hazards for Masonry Work
Risk Matrix
Controlling Measures
Controlling Measures for Work from Heights
Controlling Measures for Moving Loads
OSH Management System
Key Features
Recommendations of OHS to Work Site
OHS Legislation
Standards on Fall and Work from Height
Standards for Load Carrying
Conclusion
From the Paper "To have an effective controlling system, there should be an effective implementation of Occupation Management system. Occupation Safety and Hazard Management System is like a guide to practice the Occupational safety against the anticipated hazards. The OSH management system should be well planned in before by the administration to coordinate the Hazard control and safety measures for the workers at work site."
