Abstract
This paper discusses the similarities and differences between object-oriented (OO) and component-based development. It begins by describing the evolution of the abstraction process and the emergence of OO programming. Next, the limitations of OO programming are discussed, along with an explanation of how component-based development was born to serve as a complimentary extension to OO to overcome its primary disadvantages. Given the differences between objects and components, this paper makes recommendations for developing systems using both constructs. Finally, the future of objects and components is discussed.

From the Paper
"Assembly languages started the abstraction process by coding the binary-based machine code, or pulse train of successive 0s and 1s, into assemblies representing particular machine code sequences (Hoagland). Next, higher level languages made coding closer to human readable. The language and its compilers were coordinated such that the output would give a computational valid result. OO programming raised the level of abstraction in programming even further. OO programming is a programming language model organized around "objects" rather than "actions" and data rather than logic."

Tags:data, binary, computer, program, lodic, random

Abstract
This paper explains that object-oriented programming, a widely used and popular approach in software design and development, has the capability of presenting solutions, which are flexible and applicable in a variety of applications. The author relates that design patterns are reusable object components that can support diverse application development needs, providing readily available solutions even to complex programming problems. This paper explains 8 design patterns. Illustrations.

Table of Contents
Introduction
Design Patterns
Iterator
Software Factory Pattern
Singleton Pattern
Composite Pattern
Flyweight Pattern
Proxy Pattern
Facade Pattern
Observer Pattern

From the Paper
"The practice of considering the proper elements of a good software design patterns plays an essential role to an easy development and maintenance of applications and systems. A good software design pattern provides a well-engineered architecture of programming commands and procedures in which the solution it brings encapsulates the universal solution of the problem it covers, thereby, making it a standard and applicable component to other software development tasks. A real design pattern also should allow the possibility of a community of developers to either fully utilize the same pattern or use the pattern as a solution reference applied with minimal changes."

Tags:elements, development, maintenance, library, components

Abstract
The Object Oriented Hypermedia Design Model uses an object oriented framework to allow a concise description of complex information items, and allow the specification of complex navigation patterns and interface transformations. This paper provides an explanation for each step in the process and discusses. The past, present and future business uses of the model.

From the Paper
"A well-designed application is important because business owners understand that how a website functions will either create repeat customers or discourage customers from visiting the site. It is essential that a website is easy to navigate and that it functions in an efficient manner. It is also important for a business to be able to correct problems with the system quickly, which will prevent the loss of customers and profits. As a result of the demands that are placed on business to have an efficient website a precise software production process is needed. (Abrah?o, Fons, Pastor 2000, 2) The OOHDM process provides the stability needed to accommodate an e-commerce site."

Tags:internet, computer, program, information, multimedia, web-based, applications

Abstract
This paper examines the reasons behind the current growing popularity of the "object-oriented approach" in programming and as a result the lessening of popularity of the "structured" approach. The advantages of both forms of programming are examined. The "software crisis" that prompted this changeover is also examined. A number of case studies are presented, illustrating the use of object-oriented languages and programs with attention to what it is about object-oriented design that makes it so attractive currently for use in developing information systems.

From the Paper
"In the past two decades, and now occurring at an ever-faster rate, a vast collection of computer software has been designed to help people organize different kinds of information in the most efficient way possible. This paper examines one of the most important developments to have come out of this push for increasingly sophisticated information systems: The shift from structured approach to an object-oriented approach."

Tags:direct, management, framework, structure, project, communication, structured, sortware, computer, organize

Abstract
This paper describes the features of the Unified Modeling Language (UML) in the software engineering community. The paper specifically describes the various uses of UML using object-oriented principles, such as drawing diagrams. Additionally, the paper shows UML's different features such as its ability to show objects and object relationships. The paper also includes a discussion of UML'd advantages as well as disadvantages. The paper concludes by enumerating on those who would find UML useful, such as engineers, architects and project managers.

Outline
Executive Summary
Introduction
Uses of UML
UML Features
Advantages and Disadvantages
Conclusion

From the Paper
"For the reason that it is less formal it can be used at an early stage to structure and scrutinize the idea of an application domain earlier than the functional design is made. In addition, it can be used to complement SDLC in the area of object modeling. SDLC, for instance, does not support relations. The Object Models in UML can help in a way from the explanation of the informal needs to a formal functional design in SDLC. Also, it can capture a surprising array of processes and structures associated to business and software. A development can rely on UML as the customary language to communicate necessities, system design, deployment information, and code formation. The UML practitioner can capture ideas using visual tools, efficiently share these ideas with others, and effectively respond to change (Martin, 2002)."

Tags:object oriented, software developers, programmers

Abstract
The differences between the emerging, component-based development and long-standing, object-oriented (OO) development are often unclear. This paper discusses the similarities and differences between OO and component-based development. It begins by describing the evolution of the abstraction process and the emergence of OO programming. Next, the limitations of OO programming are discussed, along with an explanation of how component-based development was born to serve as a complimentary extension to OO to overcome its primary disadvantages. Given the differences between objects and components, this paper concludes with recommendations for developing systems using both constructs. Finally, the future of objects and components is discussed. The paper includes figures.

From the Paper
"There are also other differences between components and objects. One is the division of labor (Hurwitz, 1998). Components create two classes of developers. The first group of developers are highly skilled developers who can use all the power of objects to create fine-grained objects that they then string together to create large-grained business-oriented components. The second group is the traditional corporate developers who do not know how to program in complex object-oriented languages. These developers use components created by the more skilled developers. The corporate programmer is not allowed to change the component's content. Thus, a coarse-grained component does not allow inheritance to be applied, which protects the integrity of the component and helps prevent mistakes."

Tags:Microsoft, plugin, API

From the Paper
"Object-oriented analysis and design (OOAD) offers an approach to system design that focuses on basic problems not covered in traditional approaches. This alternative approach employs methods that emphasize the definition, structure and use of data and which concentrate on the procedures and functions used to define meaningful results. The goal of OOAD is to provide a common basis for the system professional and the information system use so they can better understand one another in the exchange of information about existing systems and expectations for future development. Structured analysis also has this goal, but uses process analysis rather than data analysis, which is the key tool within object-oriented approaches. There are several types of object-oriented approaches which are used..."

Abstract
This paper discusses the differences between relational and object databases and the issues in storing objects in relational databases systems.

Preface
1. Introduction
2. Relational Databases
3. Object-Orientated Databases
4. Development and Design Issues
5. Security
6. Performance
7. Storing Objects in Relational Databases
8. Summary
Bibliography

From the Paper
"Since their inception, relational database management systems have been the most widely used database management systems today. Relational databases are favored in manipulating large amounts of data. The strong development of object-orientated programming languages has led to the emergence of object-oriented databases. Relational database models currently fail to satisfy the need of storing complex data types such as multimedia and CAD/CAM. Object oriented databases were designed to support these new trends in application development."

Tags:performance, storage

Abstract
This paper is a discussion of four major programming paradigms in computer language: imperative/procedural, functional/applicative, logic/declarative, and object-oriented. Programs which fall into each of these categories are analyzed.

From the Paper
"Throughout the course of human evolution, mankind has continuously sought to create tools which simplify and improve their lives. The development of the first computing machines and their offspring perfectly reflect this sentiment. As computers have continued to become more complex, programmers have labored to develop computer languages which further unlock the power of the computer and allow easier development of complex applications. This has partially been accomplished by creating a plethora of computing languages which attempt to simplify life for the computer programmer. Each language is designed to allow relatively easy development of solutions to a given type of computing problem. As a result, several computer language paradigms have been tailored to allow efficient program development within each of these various categories. Naturally, some computer languages are better at solving a given problem than others since each language was designed to appeal to a perceived programming niche. In today's world of computer languages, four major programming paradigms ( imperative/procedural, functional/applicative, logic/declarative, and object-oriented ) have evolved which are desirable to solve certain types of computing problems, but are horribly inadequate for solving others."

Tags:PC, software, technology

Abstract
This paper discusses the Agile Manifesto, a conceptual framework for software development. The paper focuses primarily on Martin Fowler, one of the pioneers of the Agile Manifesto and one of the gurus of design patterns. The paper discusses how Fowler is able to emphasize the importance of this methodology in writing software.

From the Paper
"Although Fowler strives to achieve simplicity in his software design and development, other critics view the simplistic approach "as not realistic (Fowler, 2006)" and then on the other hand, a rebuttal can be made by stating, "but if you make it too complex then people have to understand a bunch of stuff that's nothing to do with the pattern in order to understand the pattern. (Fowler, 2006)" Still, Fowlers style promotes an easier understanding of any system and renders the output as usable, reusable and understandable not only to other developers by the lay users as well. Like a well written English literature, Fowler divides his pattern work into the Alexandrian form wherein (Fowler, 2006)"

Tags:K.I.S.S., principle, development, simplistic, technology, core, solution