Abstract
The paper examines the article "Patterns and Correlates of Physical Activity and Nutrition Behaviors in Adolescents", which demonstrates the ethnic differences in how adolescents exercise and get nutrition. The paper looks at the structure and methodology of the study and concludes that the study represents a high level of research quality.

From the Paper
"A 2007 study published in the Journal of Preventive Medicine, entitled "Patterns and Correlates of Physical Activity and Nutrition Behaviors in Adolescents" demonstrates that there are marked differences along ethnic lines in how adolescents exercise and get nutrition (Sanchez, Norman, Sallis, Calfas, Cella and Patrick, 2007). The study's purpose, as stated, was to determine the "prevalence, clustering, and correlates of multiple adolescent health behaviors" to assist in informing the "design of health promotion interventions" (124). The study examined a significant sample of adolescents, 878 children aged 11 through 15 years, and looked at their specific daily food intake, level and type of activity, and non-athletic activities such as watching television or playing video games. The article concluded that minority status was the second highest determiner of lower healthy food intake and lower exercise rates in adolescents - the most significant determiner was a low education."

Tags:food, health, diet, race, structure, data

Abstract
This paper critically analyzes and reviews a 2007 study published in the "Journal of Preventive Medicine", entitled "Patterns and Correlates of Physical Activity and Nutrition Behaviors in Adolescents" by Sanchez, et. al. According to the paper, the study demonstrates that there are marked differences along ethnic lines in how adolescents exercise and get nutrition The study's purpose was to determine the prevalence, clustering, and correlates of multiple adolescent health behaviors to assist in informing the design of health promotion interventions.

From the Paper
"A 2007 study published in the Journal of Preventive Medicine, entitled "Patterns and Correlates of Physical Activity and Nutrition Behaviors in Adolescents" demonstrates that there are marked differences along ethnic lines in how adolescents exercise and get nutrition (Sanchez, Norman, Sallis, Calfas, Cella and Patrick, 2007). The study's purpose, as stated, was to determine the "prevalence, clustering, and correlates of multiple adolescent health behaviors" to assist in informing the "design of health promotion interventions" (124). The study examined a significant sample of..."

Tags:nutrition, ethnicity, health

Abstract
The writer of this paper details the manner in which a diet and exercise program are determined and implemented in order to lose weight, maintain weight loss and improve one's overall health. This paper supplies both a general diet and fitness plan while stressing the importance of a tailored fitness profile designed to fit the needs of each individual. The fitness profile details the fitness and weight loss goals one expects to achieve while also keeping a record of measurements, cholesterol levels, blood pressure and the percentage body fat as well as other fitness related expectations.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Weight Management
Discussion for Designing A Plan
Conclusion
Fitness Profile
Plan
References

From the Paper
"Without regular exercise, it is technically impossible for a healthy individual to effectively mange their weight. Other aspects of exercise and weight management are the beneficial side affects such as the body's ability to more effectively handle disease management as well as the increased longevity for the body and mind. In other words, dieting is not enough to increase or to improve one's overall health; exercise is a mandatory aspect in weight management. The good thing about exercise in a typical weight management scenario is that it really does not matter what type of physical activity is performed. Thus, activities such as sports, planned exercise, household chores, yard work and gardening or simply walking a family dog can all qualify if done on a regular basis."

Tags:health, diet, nutrition, exercise, fitness, profile, weight, control

Abstract
This paper analyzes the article entitled "Association of fiber intake and fruit/vegetable consumption with weight in a Mediterranean population" from the peer-reviewed journal "Nutrition." According to the paper, it presents a cross-sectional analysis of a large population on Spain's Mediterranean coast that consumed a traditional Mediterranean diet in order to evaluate the impact of this diet upon weight gain over time for both men and women. The paper concludes with a critical analysis of the article which points out the lack of definition of ambiguous terms represent key flaws in the paper.

From the Paper
"The article "Association of fiber intake and fruit/vegetable consumption with weight in a Mediterranean population" from the peer-reviewed journal Nutrition presents a cross-sectional analysis of a large population on Spain's Mediterranean coast - a population that consumed a traditional Mediterranean diet - in order to evaluate the impact of this diet upon weight gain over time for both men and women. As this critical analysis will reveal, while the results of the study are interesting, the absence of contextualization in terms of a literary review together with the lack..."

Tags:nutrition, heath, diet

Abstract
This paper explains that the problem of obesity in children has many factors; therefore, single-level interventions, aimed at only one health activity, do not fully investigate behaviors associated with obesity prevention. Next, the author proposes a study to ascertain the results of both healthy eating and exercise education on attitudes about eating and physical activity, stamina and weight in a group of children, ages six to eight, over a nine-week period. The paper details the study methodology including sample recruitment, a parent consent form and the questionnaire.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Systematic Review
Conceptual Framework
Methods
Design
Sample
Recruitment
Data Collection
Variables
Confounding Variables
Protection of Human Subjects
Data Analysis
Appendix A Parental Permission Form
Appendix: Assent
Appendix: Pre-Post Test and Questions
Appendix: Exercises

From the Paper
"Social learning theory represents the basis of this proposal in that it highlights the importance of observing and imitating the behaviors, attitudes, and emotional responses of others. It clarifies how environmental and cognitive characteristics act collectively to influence human learning and actions and focuses on learning that occurs within a social context. Based on the social learning theory, we can predict that group behavior among the experimental children will reinforce their learning. Consequently, we strongly suggest that Post-test scores will be appreciably higher than pre-test scores within this group."

Tags:bmi interventions, social learning theory, experimental design, dependent variables

Abstract
The paper focuses on a subject with a combination of diabetes and high blood pressure as a result of family history. The paper discusses the subject's four dietary and lifestyle goals; losing weight, exercising, following a diet that will reduce the likelihood of developing diabetes, and finally, reducing alcohol intake. The paper looks at the subject's actions to reach and maintain each of the four goals. The paper notes the importance of the subject enlisting the help of professionals and friends.

From the Paper
"One of the marvels of the modern world is the fact that we can anticipate health problems and take steps to mitigate or even prevent them altogether. Scientific and nutrition research has identified the optimal diet and exercise regimes for persons of different age groups, genders, and conditions. While it is unfortunate that some conditions, such as diabetes and high blood pressure, are the result of a family history with these conditions, other factors can be controlled. A person anticipating these diseases can for example choose to modify his or her lifestyle in order to minimize or prevent their effects. The problem to be targeted is a combination of diabetes and high blood pressure as a result of family history. In anticipating the possibility of developing these conditions, it is possible to create nutrition and exercise goals in order to mitigate or prevent them altogether."

Tags:diet, lifestyle, alcohol, weight, health

Abstract
This paper emphasizes the importance of the study, "Association of Fiber Intake and Fruit/Vegetable Consumption with Weight in a Mediterranean Population", while also documenting some of its shortcomings. The authors of the study examined a large population in Spain living on a traditional Mediterranean diet, in order to assess weight gain in both men and women. While their research reveals many interesting facts, the author of this paper feels that the article's lack of a literature review is a significant flaw.

From the Paper
"This nutrition article is of clear and present interest not only because of its study of nutrition with respect to a specific ethnic group - Mediterranean Spaniards - but also how the nutritional consumption patterns of this group has the potential to yield important findings of benefit beyond the boundaries of this specific group. In this regard, the context of this article is important. As the authors note in their Introduction, obesity has been recognized as a health problem in both industrialized and even developing countries, with increasing rates of obesity in both the United States and Europe. While the authors note that genetic background has been identified as a key determining factor behind obesity, they also note that dietary habits and lifestyle issues can play a role as well (Bes-Rastrollo et al 2006).
This being said, one of the most puzzling features of this article is its lack of a literature review on this topic and, in particular, one focusing upon the significance of the so-called "Mediterranean diet". Students of nutrition will, of course, know of the wide interest in Mediterranean dietary habits and popular associations between these habits and healthy lifestyle and nutritional choices. Given this, it is truly remarkable that this study does not actually discuss the scholarly literature - of which, one may assume, is significant - on the Mediterranean diet, or even to give some background into this nutritional template. After all, the fact that this study is conducted among a Mediterranean ethnic population regarding its "traditional Mediterranean dietary pattern" is indicative of the importance of this issue of the "Mediterranean diet" to our understanding of the article. Yet, surprisingly, there is no discussion of the Mediterranean diet whatsoever - including no literature review - to provide contextual background for readers on this issue and, indeed, why this study is being conducted with the population in the first place."

Tags:nutrition, Mediterranean, obesity, lifestyle

Abstract
This paper takes a look at nutrition and exercise, reporting that the US population currently faces numerous problems regarding health issues, weight loss and childhood obesity. The paper examines the problems in the way Americans eat and provides a brief historical background of food consumption in the United States. The paper also addresses various sub-topics of health and weight loss, including exercise, diets, diet pills, nutrition and food, surgical options and attributable health issues.

Outline:
Introduction
Brief Overview of the American Diet
The American Diet Shift
Dieting
The Atkins Diet
The South Beach Diet
Diet Pills
Prescription Diet Pills
Over-the-counter Diet Pills
Nutrition and Food
Exercise
Surgical Options
Gastric Bypass Surgery
Gastric Band (Lap Band) Surgery
Gastroplasty (Stomach Stapling)
Health Issues Related to being Overweight
Hypertension and High Blood Pressure
Heart Disease
Cancer
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Health experts recommend that individuals should get at least 30 minutes of moderately intense physical activity on all or most days of the week. Examples of moderate activity include brisk walking, cycling, swimming or doing home repairs or yard work. The President's Council on Physical Fitness and Sports (2006), recommends a little work toward permanently changing your lifestyle to incorporate more activity. Some of their suggestions are to: take the stairs instead of the elevator, park at the far end of a parking lot and walk to the office or store, get off public transportation a few blocks before your stop, get up from your desk during the day to stretch and walk around, take a brisk walk when you get the urge to snack, increase your pace when working in the house or yard, mow your own lawn and rake your own leaves, and carry your own groceries. It is also recommended that for persons with cardiovascular disease, an appointment with a physician should be made before undertaking more vigorous activity. "

Tags:health, risks, surgery, unsafe, weight, loss, colon, esophagus, kidney

Abstract
The beginning of the article starts with stating what your cholesterol level should be-70 or lower. It explains that the level has been lowered in recent years and that the first consideration by doctors and patients alike is to use a statin drug to lower cholesterol. The articles authors ridicule they push for taking medicine for the rest of a person's life to reduce a person's cholesterol (Adams, 2004).

From the Paper
"The reality of lowering cholesterol is that it can be done without medication--of course it takes lifestyle and dietary changes. The Dr. Richard Scott, the author of the article, has created a step plan for his patients to follow in an attempt to lower their cholesterol levels..."

Tags:high, low, cholesterol

Abstract
This paper looks at the problem of obesity and presents details of a study with the hypothesis that college students who receive an educational nutrition booklet and teachings on the balance of caloric intake and exercise will have a significant gain in knowledge, over those students who receive an educational nutrition booklet and self study only. The paper provides a detailed literature review with a large number of studies that highlight the importance of both nutrition and exercise for maintaining a healthy body and averting obesity.

Outline:
Chapter 1
Definitions and Conceptualizations of Three Variables
Calorie (Energy Intake)
Exercise (Energy Expenditure)
Nutritional Knowledge
Chapter 2
Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria
Literature Review
The Dilemma of Obesity
A Concise Description of BMI
A Concise Description of Energy Balance
A Concise Description of Specific Dynamic Action
A Concise Description of Energy Consumption
Obesity Rates amongst Minority Ethnic Groups in America
Obesity and College Students
Origins of Obesity and the Urban/Suburban Environment
Efforts to Control Obesity
The Changed Preferences for Eating Food
The Different Accessibilities to Food and Exercise
Conclusion of Chapter 2
Chapter 3: Methodology
Hypothesis

From the Paper
"More and more people are becoming victims of obesity. While on one hand, the precise causes of this disease are still unclear, the general conclusion most scientists have agreed upon is the disparity between the energy consumed and the energy used. This is to say, obesity occurs when individual lifestyles lead towards excessive food consumption and little to no energy-utilization activities. Zakus (1982) in his study pointed out that certain ailments, namely, Frohlich's, Klinefelter's, Praeder Willi, Klein-Levin, Lawrence Mood Biedl, and Mauriac syndromes, are the underlying causes of childhood obesity. However, these cases, he points out, occur in less than 5% of children (Zakus, 1982).
"Scientists have also explored the possibility of family genetics as a possible cause of obesity. A number of studies have examined the growth and development of twins in order to figure out this the obesity mystery. World Health Organization (1997) summarized a number of studies which pointed out that the approximately 25% to 40 % of BMI is genetic in nature (World Health Organization, 1997). Stunkard et al. (1990) pointed out that twins that have been raised apart have a BMI of 0.7 percent (BMI of 1 is considered to be perfect); this is slightly lower than the BMI of twins who have been raised jointly (Stunkard, 1990). In addition, Bouchard et al (1990) in his study used a sample of two twin-pairs. Both twin pairs had been subjected to overfeeding and it was assumed that the results would reveal gain in weight for both twin pairs. However, the results showed that the first twin-pair gained more weight than the second twin-pair (Bouchard et al, 1990). It is clear from the aforementioned studies that genetics play some role in weight gain. However, genetics do not change as drastically as the weight gain being witnessed amongst both children and adults all over the world. Therefore, while the study of genetics is important to explain certain obesity trends, variations in the energy balance (energy intake and energy used) has got to be the primary focus of researchers if they are to figure out the obesity mystery."

Tags:disease, weight, energy, tendencies