Abstract This paper will show, Confucianism - and particularly Neo-Confucianism - had significant influences upon the political and social fabric of Korea. While these influences sometimes possessed positive political and social results - for example, with the rejuvenation of Korean political culture - they also had negative consequences as well in the political and religious persecutions and controversies that accompanied this effort of national rejuvenation.
Abstract The paper examines the philosopher Zhu Xi's concept of Li, as is central to his synthesis (1130-1200 AD).
The paper firstly explains the meaning of "li" and then continues to discuss how Zhu Xi became an important neo-Confucian reformer whose ideas have lasting importance. A full explanation is given regarding this concept and in relation to the influence of the neo-Confucian movement that spread to Korea and beyond. There is some comparison to Platonism, and a more in-depth discussion of the significance of Zhu Xi's contribution to everyday Chinese thought that is separate from Buddhism and Daoism, and tends to be assumed to be of the neo-Confucian movement.
From the Paper "Zhu Xi was a neo-Confucian philosopher to emphasize the principle, or li, as a fundamental reality. He had elaborated the teachings of Cheng Yi that principle is a unity, and became known as the founder of a Cheng-Zhu school or "School of Principle" (li-xue) Zhu Xi's commentaries on Confucius's Annalects, the Book of Mencius, on the Great Learning, and the Doctrine of the Mean, involved remarks on the Four Books as a collection that offered all the individual needed to understand, and he was also noted for his interpretations of the works of other philosophers in Zhou Dun-yi (1017-1073).."
Abstract This paper explains that both Ou-yang Hsiu and Shao Yung saw the real ideal of Confucianism as legitimating creativity. The author points out that they also believed that people had to see themselves as connected and responding to the world.
Abstract The paper examines the Confucian view of the family and considers what aspects of it are appropriate for modern (American) life and what aspects are not appropriate for Western society. The writer argues that it appears most likely that the rigidly patriarchal nature of the Confucian family cannot stand up to modern sensibilities. The paper concludes that even though the societies have conflicting ideologies, the Confucian emphasis on respect is a healthy addition to any household.
From the Paper "The Confucian view of the family is one that has been increasingly challenged in recent years as the East and West draw closer together. The following brief paper will examine Confucian philosophy as it pertains to the family and suggest certain aspects of it that might hold promise for American families as well as certain aspects of it that American families should not seek to emulate. As will soon become apparent, Confucianism is a complicated matter when it is applied to the most important social unit of all. To begin with, Confucianism believes very strongly that the relationship between children and their parents is a rigidly hierarchical one: parents are to give the orders and children are expected to unquestioningly obey."
Abstract Schumpeter's economic theories as they are outlined in "Capitalism, Democracy and Socialism" differ significantly from the neo-classical view of economics. The neo-classical view is outlined-with reference to Adam Smith as a representative neo-classical economist--and contrasted with Schumpeter's theories. Schumpeter's absorption of Marxism, his views on markets and monopolies, and his ruminations on the future of capitalism are highlighted and contrasted with the neo-classical paradigm.
Abstract This paper examines Japan's remarkable economic success during the post World War II period, tying this in with the influence of Confucianism. The writer discusses that the basis of every company is the morale of the employees and that Confucianism in Japan promotes ideals such as industriousness and a strong work ethic, because of its emphasis on harmony and obligations. By examining work ethics at a micro-level the writer describes that one can perceive a clearer picture of why Japan succeeded to transform its economy.
From the Paper "As Japan arose like a phoenix from the ashes after the destruction of World War II, great strides were taken to transform its economy. In contemporary society, it is a given that Japan is a global economic power. This was not always so. The remarkable transformation of the Japanese economy after World War II, was largely influenced by Confucianism an ideology that has had a long history in Japanese society and culture. This paper argues ... "
Tags:confucianism, japan's post wwi economy, east asian ideologies
Abstract This seven page paper examines whether Confucian ethics are applicable in the modern world. The paper describes Confucian ethics in terms of moral philosophy and moral education and suggests that it can still be inspiring today. The paper describes the teaching of Confucius as simple moral and political principles, such as love for others, honoring one's parents, doing what is right instead of what is personally advantageous, practicing ethical reciprocity, and ruling by moral example instead of through force or violence.
From the Paper "Confucian Ethics: An Analysis of Modern Relevance In terms of moral philosophy and moral education, Confucian ethics of virtue can still be inspiring today, for Confucius identified timeless principles that are as relevant now as they have ever been. Confucius taught simple moral and political principles, such as love for others, honoring one's parents, doing what is right instead of what is personally advantageous, practicing ethical reciprocity, and ruling by moral example instead of through force or violence. Confucius identified Six Relationships which he considered to be the proper basis of all social connections between people. "
Abstract This paper presents a study of Confucian influence on Korean history, especially during the Choson period. The paper pays especial reference to the tributary relationship between Korea and China from the earliest period through the modern era. The study examines the Choson Kingdom's claim to be the "purest" Confucian state versus the reality of the application of the religion to the Korean body politic.
From the Paper "The Choson Kingdom (AD 1392-1910) once considered itself the last 'true Confucian' state, even though the kingdom embodied several traits that would indicate otherwise. Confucianism, after all, had been developed in China--not Korea--by the Chinese philosopher Confucius and his disciples. Since Confucianism's rise during the Han Dynasty (206 BC- AD 220), the Chinese state has always practiced it to some degree, whether in peace or wartime, and even when conquered and ruled by the non-Chinese Mongol Empire during the Age of Disunion."
Abstract This paper examines Confucianism by explaining its rituals that show people how to live their lives and interact with others. The paper discusses in detail some of the cults, for example, Cult of Heaven, state cults, ancestor cults, and family rituals.
From the Paper "Ritual played an integral role in Confucianism, and was important in the teachings of Confucius himself. This importance was also shown by his disciples, who taught these rituals themselves after the time of Confucius. Because of this, Confucianism became known as a "ritual religion", emphasizing both doctrinal and ritual rites within family and society. Confucius made sure that people understood the proper way to go about viewing and practicing rituals, as well as how a leader should act. Some of the rituals are the Cult of Heaven, various State Cults, the Ancestor Cult, and Family Rituals; they include ideas relating to how to act properly and how to relate to each other."
Abstract This essay discusses Confucianism and how it is a philosophical system that is based on the teachings of Confucius. It has been practiced throughout China for nearly 2,000 years.
Abstract This paper looks at how conclusions of the neo classical model of prices and markets are undermined by the existence of market failure and by the implied assumption that economic agents do not learn from experience.
Abstract This paper begins by discussing the theories of existentialism and how they fit into modern philosophy. The paper discusses the various proponents of existentialism and their theories. The paper then discusses the theory of behaviorism, and Skinner's theory of Neo-behaviorism. The paper explains Skinner's research and theories, showing how they differ from existentialist theories in that they claim that human beings do not fully control all of their behaviors.
From the Paper "It must be remembered that over the hundreds and thousands of years from the beginning of the existence of man, Western philosophy has become more and more abstract, and also become quite removed and distant from the real lives of human beings. This fact is especially evident in the quest for answers to questions like the true nature of knowledge, the nature of truth, and so on, the real person or the real human beings have been relegated to the background and, in the high philosophical theories, there is no room today for the real people of this world anymore. This is the reason that existentialist theory focuses on real people, and states that all human beings must be given independence, a choice, etc., and that one must be able to make one's own choices in one's own life, and therefore take up responsibility for the choices that one has made out of his own free will. (What is Existentialism? History of existentialism, Existentialist Philosophy)"
Abstract This paper examines how, although Korean women have significantly more rights than they did in earlier history, including partaking in the government, Confucian tradition remains strong, especially in South Korea. It looks at how, when it comes to lack of freedom, the women of the Choson Dynasty from 1392 to 1910 had few parallels in the world. It explores how, for centuries, they were forced to follow a thoroughly restricted life as dictated by stringent Neo-Confucian moral standards.
From the Paper "Prior to the introduction of the Choson Dynasty, a wedding was held in the bride's home. The new couple lived in her house to the birth of the first child and then moved to the groom?s. This was usually about a year after the marriage. During the early Choson period, however, the bride and groom had their wedding at the husband's house, where the couple immediately established a permanent residence. Because this was such a major change from the previous cultural norm, a compromise was instead found between the old ways and those of Confucius: The wedding was held at the bride's home, but the groom only remained at the bride's home for one night. The pair then moved permanently to husband's house."
Abstract This paper examines the history of socialist law in Russia, China, Cuba, Vietnam, and North Korea. The key characteristics of socialist law as well as the advantages and disadvantages of the system are explained using the system in place in North Korea. North Korea's criminal code and criminal procedures are identified. When contrasted with those in a democracy, the differences are startling. North Korea's code and procedures were influenced by Chinese dynasties, Confucianism, the Soviet Model, and German civil law.
Table of Contents:
Socialist Law
A History of Socialism and the Countries That Use It
Key Characteristics and the Advantages and Disadvantages of Socialist Law
Criminal Code and Procedure of North Korea
Kim II Sung, Premier of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea and Chairman of the Workers' Party of Korea
Conclusion
From the Paper "Under a centralized government, North Korea is and has always been under the rigid control of a one man dictatorship. Kim II-Sung was the leader of the Korean Communist Party which later merged with another communist group to form the Korean Worker's Party (KWP). In 1948, Democratic People's Republic of Korea was formally established under the control of the Korean Worker's Party. The North Korean Constitution was approved that same year to highly centralize a governmental system and relationship between the people and the state."
