Abstract
The paper reviews why traditional bargaining in education is a deeply flawed approach and why it must be replaced by a collaborative approach that emphasizes mutual gain and integrative solutions. The paper reviews the various types of negotiation and explains why mutual-gains bargaining is the only way for education negotiations to work. Ultimately, this writer insists that both parties work on behalf of children and this fact should be borne in mind by the adults representing the two sides.

From the Paper
"Without question, collective bargaining is most effective when it emphasizes a mutual-gains approach founded upon collaboration, flexibility, and integrative bargaining, rather than an adversarial approach; after all, people who fight bitterly over the bargaining table are unlikely to work constructively in the workplace when the negotiations are finally at an end. More than that, personal feelings may intrude upon professional duties in the aftermath of a particularly bitter negotiation to such an extent that a poisonous work environment may eventually develop - one which will make students and parents the undeserving victims of animosities that were created and then aggravated by professionals sitting across from one another at a bargaining session."

Tags:collaborative, distributive, interest-based, collective, mutual, gain

Abstract
This report looks at collaboration in education from the perspective of
negotiation and behavior between professionals in the K-12 educational institution. Conflict resolution and negotiation affects not only educational professionals, however, but also other parties that are involved such as students, parents and the external community. This report focuses on collaboration and negotiation between professionals, with the ultimate goal being the productive and effective development of the student. The report looks at conflict, as well as human behavior and diversity and then presents a recommended plan for collaboration within the educational institution, before presenting concluding remarks. Also, the report follows the assumption that the modern educational establishment is, by and large, a microcosm of the society and community which bolsters and surrounds it. In this generalized society, collaborative decision-making and negotiation are important, and in the administrative school setting, they are key.

Paper Outline:
Introduction
Collaboration and Negotiation
Conflict
Human Behavior and Diversity
Implementation of Solution
Bibliography

From the Paper
"Organizing a plan requires honing it down and making it workable, and only effective decision-makers who are schooled in the ability to lead
positively will be able to make the necessary negations, additions, and alterations that are brought about as the plan begins to enter a real-world frame during the organization process, with the help of other involved parties such as teachers and possibly parents and community representatives. "Administrators and teachers continually strive to improve instructional effectiveness. The full staff is involved in planning for implementation; specific recommendations and guidelines provide the detail needed for good implementation; plans fit the local school context and conditions" (Fitzpatrick, 2001). It is also important at this level to keep a balance of creative solutions and reasonable solutions."

Tags:NCLB, mediator, motivation

Abstract
This paper examines the benefits of registered nurses (RNs) enrolling in Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) degree programs. These "RN to BSN" programs improve the skills and experience of an RN in many ways. As a result, RN to BSN degree holders qualify for some of the best jobs in the rapidly expanding nursing field. This paper discusses 10 key areas of improvement resulting from an RN to BSN program. The paper concludes that many nurses find that their future choices are expanded by additional education in nursing.

Critical Thinking
Decision-Making
Nursing Care and Management of the Client
Effective Communication, Collaboration and Negotiation
Professional Values and Behaviors
Teaching/Learning
Research
Leadership
Career Development
Management

From the Paper
"Nurses enrolled in RN to BSN programs have a major opportunity to improve their business and management skills. In addition to the medical training they received during their original nursing program, BSN enrollees develop their critical thinking, leadership, and supervisory skills.

The average income for registered nurses holding only an associate's degree was $51,100 in 2004 (Mattera, 2005). Those with bachelor's nursing degrees earned an average of $56,900. But it doesn't stop there. The average income increase percentage was higher between 2001 and 2004 for BSN prepared nurses by 2.5%. So not only do BSN prepared nurses get paid more, their income level is increasing faster than AD prepared nurses."

Tags:professionalism, career, development, nursing, medicine

Abstract
This dissertation paper asserts that families of children with special needs must deal with many facets, including doctors and diagnoses, teachers and schooling, potentially difficult behaviors from the child as well as the special education and medical needs and potential legal issues. The paper explains that many families feel overwhelmed with the amount of information they are forced to learn from the medical terms of the disability to the legal ramifications of obtaining an appropriate education. The paper draws the conclusion that helping families become empowered to negotiate with schools, discuss diagnoses with doctors and be part of the education and medical teams may help prevent the families from feeling left out, disenchanted, and angry, and reduce the need for legal intervention.

Parents As Advocates
ABC's of Parent Empowerment
Justification for Family Involvement
Why Parents Are Told "No"
Special Education Mediation
The Rowley Standard
Fape Standard
Procedural Compliance
Substantive Compliance
Educational Benefit
Jessica's Story: A Parent Wanting Too Much
Inclusion With Young Children
Incorporating High Standards in IEP's for School Age Children
Special Education Disputes and Conflicts
Stephanie's Case: Parent Advocacy in Action
Moore's "Pizza Analysis" for Determining Conflicts
Data Conflicts
Relationship Conflicts
Interest Conflicts
Value Conflicts
Structural Conflicts
Resolution and Management of Special Education Disputes
Teaching Negotiation Skills
Building Collaborative Special Education Teams
Concept Introduction
Communication Accommodation Theory Defined
Special Education IEP Teams: No Room for Conflict
Collaboration and Team Building Strategies
Accounting for Cultural Differences
Culture Defined
Understanding Different Cultures
High and Low Context
Various Cultural Perceptions of Education
Challenges for Special Education Teachers
A Parent's Guide: How To Get Involved
A Teacher's Guide: Involving Families
Teaching Mediation Skills
Mediation Stage 1: Convening
Mediation Stage 2: Opening
Mediation Stage 3: Communicating
Mediation Stage 4: Negotiating
Mediation Stage 5: Closing
Understanding Special Education and the Medical Aspects of Healthcare
Steven's Case: A Parent's Distrust of Doctors
Diagnosis and Misdiagnosis
Importance of Early Intervention
Legal Implications: Medical Malpractice
The Need for Early Identification
Alternative System to Improve Special Education Disputes
Miguel Action Planning System Alternative
Strength and Weakness of Maps
Alyssa's Story: A Mother Becomes an Advocate
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Courts are exploring what the definition of an "educational benefit" is. "The plan of instruction and placement should be likely to result in meaningful educational progress and not regression or trivial educational advancement" (SERR, 1992, quoting 853 F.2d 171 (3d Cir. 1988)). The history of educational benefit comes from the 94-142 "FAPE" to the Rowley decision and the shift of emphasis to "educational benefit" in the IDEA '97 (Monitoring, 2003). "Improving educational results for children with disabilities is an essential element of our national policy of ensuring equality of opportunity, full participation, independent living, and economic self-sufficiency for individuals with disabilities" (20 U.S.C. 1400(c)(1)). However, the "implementation of this Act has been impeded by low expectations, and an insufficient focus on applying replicable research on proven methods of teaching and learning for children with disabilities" (20 U.S.C. 1400(c)(4))."

Tags:autism, learning, impairment, deficiency

Abstract
This paper uses Bronfenbrenner's theories regarding the interplay between the environment and the individual to understand the transitional problems challenging Frank, the middle school student in this case, who also has moved to a rural area. The author points out that the challenges Frank faces are associated with his perception of disconnect between himself and his peers and with his new public school as opposed to his more challenging private school, which he previously attended. The paper suggests that Erick Erickson would assess Frank as beginning stage 5 "Identity vs. Role Confusion" as this student negotiates his needs and desires to be independent and individual while perceiving those around him as wholly unlike him and unable to understand his interests.

From the Paper
"Frank self identifies with an outsider clique whom he titles the "I don't care" group and describes as a group who doesn't care about belonging to cliques even though he admits that his school is rather cliquish. Frank may give this impression and hold these perceptions mostly because he has not grown up in this environment and therefore does not know the histories or personalities of his peers, and in the reverse they do not know his so he does not perceive himself as fitting in."

Tags:chronosystem, moral development, environment connections individual

Abstract
In this article, the writer examines the power of negotiation, using past experiences of the United States and the Soviet Union as examples. The writer points out that a good negotiator must overcome personal and nonconstructive negative emotions. Further, the writer states that diffusing tensions rather than igniting them during the early stages of a crisis is important. It is crucial to find mutual goals during a negotiation.
The writer notes that allowing the other party to save face may keep them at the bargaining table, without looking weak.

Outline:
Introduction
Step 1: Go to the Balcony
Step 2: Step to their side
Step 3: Tackle the problem together
Step 4: Reframe
Step 5: Build a golden bridge
Step 5: Use power to educate, even if the other side seems intransigent

From the Paper
"Taking a deep breath, gaining composure, and metaphorically going to the balcony to get some fresh air may seem like a counterintuitive first step, but it is the best thing to do during a crisis. When the presence of the missiles was first discovered through reconnaissance photography, Kennedy did not immediately announce this fact to the American populace. Instead, Kennedy embarked upon seven days of guarded and intense debate with his most trusted advisors. He did not want the Soviets to know that America was aware of the missiles, either, until he had a chance to evaluate all of his options and find one that would lead to the most mutually satisfactory solution."

Tags:face-saving, advisers, objective, Kennedy

Abstract
This paper attempts to identify the dramatic difference between men and women in their ability to negotiate. It looks at how child-rearing practices, the way we educate our daughters, and unspoken assumptions perpetuate inequalities. These inequalities are not only fundamentally unfair; they are inefficient and economically unsound. It also studies, through a literature review, the hypothesis that female college graduates entering the work force will accept lower starting salaries then male college graduates entering the work force.

From the Paper
"Women also have been known to work harder so they'll be given what they want without having to ask for it or negotiate. But, the authors specifically point out that if a woman would negotiate a better salary at the outset of her career, she could end up with a "gain of more than half a million dollars" (Babcock & Laschever, 2003, p. 5) by the conclusion of her career. Beyond that, women are also fighting the old battles of gender discrimination, the book reports; "our society still perpetuates rigid gender-based standards for behavior "standards that require women to behave modestly and unselfishly and to shun promoting their own personal agendas" (Babcock & Laschever, 2003, p.11)."

Tags:career, wage, graduates, salary, inequalities

Abstract
Educational Leadership historically depended upon Educational Psychology for assessing the individual's personality traits in determining "who" would make a good school leader. The problem with personality and trait-based measurements, however, emerged in the difference between pencil-and-paper test performances, and interactive social behaviors, which often contradicted each other. As the ideas of school culture emerged with the introduction of Anthropology's understanding of "culture," school leadership was re-conceptualized towards a cultural and social-based understanding of inter-active participants with values and interests that required inclusivity in the school's community. As personality was regarded less and less relevant to educational leadership, sociality and communicative skills were regarded as more valuable, as were abilities in negotiation, compassion and patience. This has produced a multi-dimensional approach to educational leadership, where all levels of school activity, including the school's relation with its community, are included in understanding what it required of an educational leader.

Abstract
This paper discusses critical thinking in business negotiations. It contends that there is a lack of critical thinking skills used in business today, then supports this argument by providing professional evidence through research. The paper discusses what critical thinking is, and how it can be applied to the discussion of business negotiations. It further uses business information, and educational citations as supporting evidence.

From the Paper
" Decisions within the corporate world are often made from an emotional base, without detailed analysis to support concepts. When business negotiations are instituted, therefore, many companies struggle for survival because there has not been a sufficient level of data critiqued to supply evidence toward final determinations. Yet, critical thinking used in the realm of business negotiations has the ability to provide a clearer approach to business issues in the twenty-first century. This type of thought requires specific analysis that can aid business negotiations by offering detailed evidence, and solid analysis to support ideas. Diane F. Halpren (1996) contends that critical thinking requires thought that leads to a vast array of possibilities (p.5). When those possibilities are analyzed logically, those in business are capable of discovering factual truths that lead to negotiating with specifics, instead of uncertainties. "

Tags:critical, thinking, business

Abstract
Are women traditionally less inclined to fine-tune and engage strong negotiating skills to further their agenda due to a culturally-spawned sense of timidity, or because of an educational system that is institutionalized to the point that it fails to give women the tools they need to go out successfully in the business world? The authors of "Women Don't Ask: Negotiation and the Gender Divide", Sara Laschever and Linda Babcock, have put together extensive research of existing studies on the topic, most of it conducted by others. Their research is explored in-depth in this paper. Other views on the subject of why women aren't assertive in negotiations are also examined.

From the Paper
"On page 28, the authors write that "by the age of six, psychologists believe "children are experts at gender schemas", able to recognize and understand the multiple gender cues all around them." And, they continue, children can clearly observe that "much of the world is controlled by men," and hence, children conclude that not only is the "way things are, but the way things should be" as well. This discussion leads up to an explanation as to why, later in life, women are still shy about stepping forward and demanding " or at least negotiating with some chutzpah " fair wage for equal work."

Tags:interview, self-esteem, Jacqueline, Goodnow