Abstract This paper discusses how poverty leads to more poverty. The writer describes how neglect leads to more neglect. The writer discusses childneglect and explains who is at the highest risk. The writer examines how can children be protected without violating the rights of the parents. Further, the writer examines the likely psychological makeup of neglectful parents.
From the Paper "There are different types of child abuse. One type of child abuse involves neglect. Neglect involves failure to provide for a child's basic needs. Michael Reiff writes in 'Journal of Development Behavioral Pediatrics' that neglect is determined by the extent to which a child feels protected by his or her family. Reiff also explains that neglect can be physical or emotional. Physical abuse is inflicting a non-accidental physical injury of a child. This may include burning, hitting, punching, shaking, kicking, beating or otherwise harming a child. "
Tags:Neglect, abuse, child abuse, abandonment, mandatory reporting, child welfare services, mental illness and drug or substance abuse.
Abstract The paper explores the role of the child protection agencies in protecting our children and questions whether state laws are helping or hindering the process. The paper explains the types of abuse and presents research data that demonstrates the increase in child abuse every year. The paper also reviews the history of child abuse and discusses the challenges that are faced today by the child protection system and what can be done to improve the child protective services (CPS).
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
What is Child Abuse and Neglect?
History of Child Abuse
Types of Abuse
What Factors Contribute to Child Abuse?
Understanding the Impact of Historic Policies on Child Maltreatment
Child Abuse and Neglect Laws and State Statutes
The Role of Child Protective Services
The Consequences of Child Abuse
Social Intervention Strategies
Conclusion
Recommendations for Policy Changes
From the Paper "According to Tzeng et al (1991) children throughout history have been the victims of child abuse. There have even been some archeological findings that have suggested that child abuse existed as far back as prehistoric times. In many societies corporal punishment was seen as the norm and was used to discipline children. Child abuse has also been used to educate children as it pertains to cultural and religious ideas and morals. The corporal punishment or abuse of children was also utilized to please gods or expel unwanted spirits.
"The author points out that in the rituals of ancient Greeks and Romans children were sacrificially killed. In addition in some civilizations fathers, in accordance with the Patria Protestas of 700 B.C., could legally trade, maim, or kill their children if the so desired. Children were also killed in Ancient Greek Societies when they were found to be deformed or retarded because it was believed that such children would weaken the society. This was allowed because children were believed to be property."
Abstract The writer of this article defines and discusses the issues and statistics surrounding the issue of child abuse and neglect. In this paper, a definition of child abuse is provided. The writer also discusses the short and long term effects of child abuse.
From the Paper "Child abuse is currently in the news seemingly more now than ever, however it is a problem that has been around throughout the ages. Child abuse is usually self-perpetuating and unlikely to stop unless the causes of the abuse are recognized and a concerted effort made by the community to prevent the cycle of abuse to continue. The social problem of child maltreatment has come to be predominantly defined as physical child abuse. The best definition of child abuse is a general ... "
Tags:child abuse, childneglect, causes of abuse and neglect
Abstract This paper explains that incidents of child abuse, in the form of physical, emotional, sexual and neglect abuse, continue to rise and can happen to any child of any race, gender and age. The author points out that physical child abuse consists of an injury inflected on a child other than by accidental means including bite marks, burns and poisoning; emotional child abuse is constantly blaming or putting down a child, excessive yelling or shaming. The paper relates that distinguishing accidents from abuse can cause problems in determining whether the injury is abuse; however, suspicion is underscored by the location of the injury, the number and frequency of injuries in different stages of healing, the size and shape of an injury and the explanation of how the injury occurred.
Table of Contents
Brief Meaning and Examples of Child Abuse
Types of Abuse
1. Physical Abuse
2. Emotional
3. Sexual
4. Neglect Characteristics of Potentially Abusive Neglectful Adults
Distinguishing Accidents from Abuse
1. Location of Injuries?
2. Number and Frequency of Injuries?
3. Size and Shape of Injuries?
4. Description of How Injuries Occurred?
5. Are Injuries Consistent with Child's Developmental Abilities?
Statistics
Prevention
What to Do If Child Abuse Is Suspected
Argument- Stereotypes of Abusers
Conclusion
From the Paper "How can adults help prevent child abuse and neglect? Friends can help out a parent under stress with a few hours of childcare or assistance with other chores. They can lend an ear to a parent or a child in crises, or they can support local programs that offer childcare, parent education, family counseling, and child safety. Caring, concerned individuals can "call a parental stress program for resources and support and reach out to those in need." If child abuse is suspected, wary adults should call the local Department of Family Services. DFS offers a parental stress help line for parents who feel overwhelmed with parental pressures and responsibilities."
Tags: assistance, parenting-skills, sexual, neglect, death
Abstract This paper looks at the issue of child abuse, describing the different kinds of abuse that occur and citing various cases of abuse that have been taken to court. The paper also points out that the first step in helping abused or neglected children is learning to recognize the signs of child abuse and neglect. In addition, the paper reminds us that when someone suspects that any child is being harmed, she should report her concerns to the appropriate authorities, such as Child Protective Services (CPS), in the State where the child resides.
From the Paper "The child welfare system is a group of services designed to promote the well-being of children by ensuring safety, achieving permanency, and strengthening families to successfully care for their children. Child welfare systems are complex and their specific procedures vary widely by State. However in each state the physical and emotional welfare of children is of primary importance in each state's child welfare system."
Abstract This paper explores four types of child abuse: physical, emotional, sexual, and neglect. It includes definitions, descriptions, and case studies, as well as the cyclical nature of abuse. The paper explores how child abuse can be prevented and how to get help for those who have already been affected by child abuse. The paper concludes with the author's personal reaction to child abuse.
From the Paper "According to statistics from 1998, 78% of all child abuse in the United States is committed by birth parents. Physical abuse is carried out relatively equally by mothers and fathers. Sexual abuse, in 90% of the cases, is perpetrated by a man, but most often the man is not the father but an adult who has an ongoing relationship with and access to the child. In 87% of neglect, the mother is the neglectful parent (Morales, 1998). A study done in North Carolina from 1985-1994, found that most perpetrators of child abuse are biological parents (almost equal between the mother and father). Other people who are likely to commit the child abuse are relatives, friends, baby-sitters, mother's boyfriends, and stepfathers (Herman-Giddens, 1999)."
Abstract This paper discusses the child abuse laws pertinent to California. The paper examines the Penal Code and the Education Code as they pertain to child abuse. The paper discusses the California codes that relate to child abuse and neglect in general. The paper describes a particular school in San Jose, Athenour School, exploring how it complies with these codes. Finally, the paper offers some conclusions about this very important issue.
From the Paper "Two Codes of California law deal with the abuse and neglect of children as these relate to the responsibilities of teachers: the Penal Code and the Education Code. Interestingly, the Penal Code contains much more detailed and specific information about what teachers and administrators are required to do in a suspected case of child abuse or neglect than does the Education Code. This is perhaps because to include details in both codes would be an unnecessary replication, as school personnel are directed (by the Education Code) to refer to the Penal Code for legal requirements. The Education Code includes such information as requirements for teacher training about issues of abuse and neglect."
Abstract The paper defines child exploitation as any active mistreatment or intentional neglect of a child that results in harm or injury and which cannot be reasonably explained as inadvertent. The paper maintains that more needs to be done by governments, law enforcement agencies, social workers and the general public if child exploitation is to be reduced and ultimately eliminated.
From the Paper "Child exploitation is a form of abuse generally defined as any active mistreatment or intentional neglect of a child that results in harm or injury, and which cannot be reasonably explained as inadvertent. Child exploitation primarily involves overt abuse such as physical harm or maltreatment related to sexual abuse or labor exploitation, and inevitably inflicts severe emotional and psychological damage, as well as physical suffering."
"Drew Oosterbaan, the head of the United States Justice Department's Child Exploitation and Obscenity Section, warns "that children are in more danger than ever before from child exploitation. We see child pornography escalating, not just in terms of numbers, not just in the amount or frequency of distribution of child pornography we see, but most especially in the nature of the child pornography we see," (Bansal) which is increasingly featuring pornographic Internet images of children being violently raped and abused."
Abstract This paper is about the effects of child abuse and discusses various aspects in detail, as well as discussing possible causes. The author looks at how society needs to focus on warning signs, the behavior of abused children, and the special attention that mistreated children need. The paper pays close attention to social, psychological, and physical disorders that affect abused children.
From the Paper "Children from the ages of twelve to seventeen years of age experience more than twice the violent crime as adults in America . Horrifying cases of abuse and neglect have flooded the media, which have caused great concern by public interest groups and politicians. The greatest concerns most have are the effects these terrible crimes have on our youth. David Finkelhor, a sociologist at the University of New Hampshire , believes that we know too little about child abuse and what damage it may cause. He contends that if we better understood the effects of child victimization, we would be more able to identify and prevent it."
Abstract This paper examines to what extent parents who suffer from depression pass this illness onto their children. To put it another way, the paper discusses whether parents that are suffering from depression are ultimately responsible - in a way other environmental factors are not - for the development of depression in their children. The paper concludes that while depression in children cannot be wholly linked to depression in their mothers and fathers it would seem that the confluence of genetic predisposition, parental neglect, and parental actions of the most negative sort (angry outburst, recriminatory behavior) conspire to make these children especially vulnerable to one of the cruelest of all mental illnesses.
Outline:
Introduction
Literature Review
Methodology
Results/Data
Discussion
From the Paper "A much more recent study confirms the general conclusions of Orvaschel insofar as it illuminates the troubling psychic burdens shouldered by the sons and daughters of clinically depressed parents. To wit, Alpert et al (2003) found that depressed parents suffering from "anger attacks" also tended to produce offspring given over to lower social and school competency scale scores and to higher levels of delinquency, aggressive behavior and attention problems. Additionally, Alpert and his team of researchers found that the children of depressed parents engaging in intermittent angry outbursts were more likely to have an elevated T score - a "global measure" of psychopathology. "
Abstract This paper explores the tragic social ailment of child abuse. It looks at its effects on the victims, the various forms it can take, the primary causes of child abuse, and the cycle of repetition often seen in child abuse. Also examined are some measures that could be taken to help reduce the number of child abuse incidents and how to intervene when child abuse is suspected.
From the Paper "The emotional environment of the family is critical to a growing child and their development, so a supportive, non-abusive parent reacting in a positive manner towards a child, will help not only the child get through the abusive situation and feelings of anxiety, depression and guilt; but in the case of physical spousal abuse, could give the supportive parent incentive to remove them both from the situation. When that occurs, it is important that the community and society in general are able to provide them with the resources and support in order to regain their lives."
Abstract In this essay, the writer discusses a research proposal to determine whether the use of a certain kind of anti-child abuse training in high school - using a form of "Think It Over" dolls - can effectively reduce the incidence of child abuse. This study is thus necessarily a longitudinal one and may (because of the complexity of the issue of child abuse) be less conclusive than one might like. However, the writer claims that an intervention strategy that reduces child abuse even to a small degree would be worth considering given the stakes involved.
From the Paper "We all know that child abuse is a terrible thing. We also know as a society many of the conditions that make parents and other adults more likely to abuse children. And yet despite our collective revulsion at child abuse and despite the fact that we are aware of the contributing conditions to child abuse, the rates at which children are neglected or abused continue at horrifyingly high levels. Federal and state statistics indicate that child abuse and neglect collectively are either the primary or a secondary cause of ... "
Abstract In this paper, the topic of child abuse is addressed. It begins with providing alarming statistics of the rise in child abuse of the past decades and proceeds to listing factors which contribute to child abuse according to the experts. Poverty is listed as one of the main contributors to child abuse and this correlation is examined. The social and emotional costs to the individual and society are also addressed.
From the Paper "Child abuse is a problem that has a major cost to society. It is said that more children are reported to have sustained abuse and neglect in America than in any other industrialized nation. (CWLA, 1997) Firstly, there is a cost to the child, including a physical one, a psychological one and a social one. The most obvious impact is to the child's health. Annual figures for child abuse have reported over 2 million cases of abuse or neglect and around 2000 child fatalities as a result of abuse and neglect. (NCCAN, 1992) There are also continuing effects on both the child's psychology and their interaction with society. Child abuse is often related to ongoing problems with the child fitting into society. Results that have been shown in studies vary from learning difficulties, depression and anxiety to the child being more likely to take part in antisocial behaviour. (Drucker, 1997)"
The writer of this in-depth paper analyzes the issue of child abuse in America while also delving into the measures being taken to combat this growing trend.
Abstract This well-researched paper details the various forms of child abuse including sexual, physical, verbal and psychological as well as others. This paper delves into the long-term repercussions of child abuse which effects the lives of the victims years after the actual abuse ends. These long-term results are both numerous and varied and include: Depression, low self-esteem, learning difficulties, withdrawal, obsessive compulsive disorders and anxiety amongst others. This paper discusses the role law enforcement agencies play in protecting children from abuse. This writer examines the government's position on this specific issue while delving into the new laws being implemented to protect children. This paper also discusses the growing problem of child abuse in other countries such as India and Australia. The writer contends that while the current laws that demand certain professionals such as social workers, teachers and counselors report suspected cases of child abuse are in fact aiding in combating this problem much more still needs to be done. This paper contains the results of published studies and reports as well as relevant statistics and data pertaining to this particular topic.
From the Paper "Society must respond to the fact that child abuse is still going on in the U.S. and the world today. Many different countries experience their own sting of child abuse in this day in age. In the book called Child abuse: A global view by Schwartz-Kenny, McCauley & Epstein experts from sixteen different countries are interviewed to discuss how the issues of child abuse and neglect, legal definitions of abuse, the prevalence of abuse, children's role in the legal system, and penalties for abusing a child. For example, Australia now recognizes that child abuse and neglect are more common that previously acknowledged. There has also been a growing realization that such abusive treatment endangers the physical, social, intellectual, and emotional development of affected children, and that corrective action is urgently required to minimize the long-term effects of abuse. Child abuse frequently goes unreported in Australia; therefore, there is a lack of data; however, a National Child Protection Council was introduced in 1993 by the National Child Protection Council."
Abstract Part I of this paper deals with the three most common kinds of child abuse ? physical, sexual and emotional. It discusses clinical issues, behavioral issues, symptoms, signs and tests for these specific kinds of child abuse. Part II of the paper deals with several disorders in children that are not easy to detect and cure, specifically Autism, Attention Deficit Disorder/Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder and Down Syndrome. The paper covers diagnosis, treatment and cure (if applicable).
From the Paper "The problem in identifying and dealing with emotional abuse is that at lower levels of intensity, the occurrence of abuse is debatable. For instance mild levels of belittling could be seen as "kidding". Another example could be that of criticizing and insulting. Depending on the issue that leads to such abuse, the grown up could actually be convinced that they are doing this to the child for "his own good". These mild forms of abusive behavior could actually be seen as "nurturing"."
